H4557 H4557
Number, count, tally; the quantitative total of persons or things, sometimes idiomatically 'fewness,' and once 'a telling or account.'
Mispar is Hebrew's primary noun for a counted quantity — the 'number of' something. Derived from the root s-p-r ('to count, recount'), it appears overwhelmingly in construct chains: 'the number of the sons of Israel' (Gen 34:30), 'the number of the days' (Lev 25:15), 'the number of the stars' (Ps 147:4). The phrase en mispar ('without number,' 'innumerable') is a standard idiom for uncountable abundance (Gen 41:49; Judg 6:5). Multilingual evidence is straightforward — Spanish numero, French nombre, German Zahl, Korean 수 — because counting is a universal human activity. But two peripheral senses deserve attention: the idiomatic mete mispar ('men of number,' i.e., 'few men'), where the word paradoxically conveys smallness, and a single occurrence in Judges 7:15 where mispar may mean 'telling, recounting' of a dream, preserving the verbal root's narrative sense.
Senses
1. number, count, tally — The quantitative sense: a number, count, or tally of persons or things — 131 occurrences forming the massive core of this word's usage. Appears in construct ('number of'), with pronominal suffixes ('their number'), with prepositions ('by/according to number'), and in the idiom en mispar ('without number, innumerable'). Exodus 16:16 prescribes gathering manna 'according to the number of persons'; Leviticus 25:15-16 prices land 'according to the number of years.' Spanish numero de, French nombre de, German Zahl von, and Korean 수 all map directly. The word's semantic stability across 131 attestations confirms it as the unmarked, default Hebrew term for a counted total. 131×
AR["بِـ-عَدَدِ","عَدَد","عَدَدَ","عَدَدُ","عَدَدِ"]·ben["সংখ্যা","সংখ্যায়"]·DE["Zahl-von","ein-Zahl-von","number-von","von-Buch","von-Schreiber"]·EN["a-number-of","number-of","the-number-of"]·FR["nombre-de","un-nombre-de","von-livre"]·heb["מספר"]·HI["गिनति","गिनती"]·ID["bilangan","jumlah","menurut-jumlah","sejumlah"]·IT["da-libro","numero-di","un-numero-di"]·jav["cacah","cacahipun","ètangan"]·KO["수","수-","수-의","수가","수는","수대로","수를","수에"]·PT["número-de","o-número-de"]·RU["Число","по-числу","число"]·ES["el-número-de","número-de","número-de-"]·SW["hesabu","hesabu-ya","hesabu-ya-","idadi","idadi-ya","kulingana-na-idadi"]·TR["sayisi","sayısı","sayısı-","sayısınca","sayısını"]·urd["شمار","گنتی","گنتی-کے-مطابق"]
2. few in number, fewness — An idiomatic sense conveying fewness or smallness in number — 2 occurrences (Num 9:20 and Deut 4:27) where mispar appears in the phrase mete mispar ('men of number') meaning 'few people.' In Deuteronomy 4:27 the LORD warns 'you will be left few in number among the nations.' The paradox is elegant: the very word for 'number' comes to mean 'countably small,' implying that those who can be easily counted are necessarily few. Spanish de numero and French dans nombre retain the literal construction, but the pragmatic meaning shifts from quantification to diminution. This idiomatic use is well attested in BDB and confirmed by context. 2×
AR["قَلِيلًا","قَلِيلَةً"]·ben["অল্প-সংখ্যক","গণনা-করা"]·DE["Zahl","in-Zahl"]·EN["in-number","number"]·FR["dans-nombre","nombre"]·heb["מספר"]·HI["गिनती","गिनती-के"]·ID["jumlah","sejumlah"]·IT["in-numero","numero"]·jav["cacah"]·KO["수-의","수의"]·PT["número"]·RU["малочисленными","считанные"]·ES["de-número","número"]·SW["chache","kwa-hesabu"]·TR["sayı","sayılı"]·urd["گنتی","گنے-چُنے"]
3. sense 3 — A single occurrence in Judges 7:15 where mispar appears to mean 'the telling of, the recounting of' a dream — Gideon hears 'the telling of the dream and its interpretation.' Here the noun preserves the verbal root sapar's narrative sense ('to recount, tell') rather than its numerical sense. English 'telling of,' Spanish relato de ('account of'), and German Erzahlung all select narrative vocabulary. BDB does not list this as a separate entry, but the semantic distance from 'number/count' is sufficient to mark it as a distinct peripheral sense, a fossil of the root's original storytelling meaning. 1×
AR["قِصَّة"]·ben["সংখ্যা"]·DE["telling-von"]·EN["telling-of"]·FR["telling-de"]·heb["מספר"]·HI["वर्णन"]·ID["cerita"]·IT["telling-di"]·jav["cariyos"]·KO["이야기를"]·PT["relato-de"]·RU["рассказ"]·ES["relato-de"]·SW["maelezo-ya"]·TR["anlatımını"]·urd["بیان"]
Related Senses
H5921a 1. upon, on, over (spatial) (5443×)H0413 1. directional: to, toward (5366×)H1121a 1. son, male offspring, descendant (4914×)H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)H4428 1. king, human ruler (2518×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)H6440 1. before, in front of (spatial) (1870×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H3027 1. physical hand (body part) (1596×)H1697 1. word, speech, utterance (1235×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
I. מִסְפָּר133 n.m. 1 Ch 27:24 number, tale>;—abs. מ׳ Gn 34:30 +; cstr. מִסְפַּר Ex 16:16 +; sf. מִסְפַּרְכֶם Nu 14:29, מִסְפָּרָם Ju 21:23 +; pl. cstr. מִסְפְּרֵי 1 Ch 12:23;— 1. a. number, Ju 7:6 the number of those lapping, מִס׳ לַכּוֹכָבִים ψ 147:4, + often (37 times PH); לֹא עָלָה הַמִּסְפָּר בְּמִסְפַּר דִּבְרֵי וגו׳ 1 Ch 27:24 (read בְּסֵפֶר) the number did not come up into (was not…