H4066 H4066
Strife, contention, quarreling; interpersonal conflict stirred by anger, pride, or a contentious disposition.
Denotes persistent interpersonal conflict, quarreling, and contention—a concept that dominates the wisdom literature of Proverbs. The wise observe that a hot-tempered person stirs up strife (Prov 15:18; 29:22), that a whisperer separates close friends by fueling it (Prov 16:28), and that the beginning of strife is like releasing water, best abandoned before it breaks out (Prov 17:14). The 'contentious woman' appears as a recurring archetype (Prov 21:9; 25:24; 27:15). Outside Proverbs, Habakkuk 1:3 laments that strife and contention arise in the land, and Psalm 80:6 speaks of Israel becoming a source of contention to its neighbors.
Senses
1. strife, contention — Strife, contention, or quarreling between persons, used almost exclusively in Proverbs and prophetic poetry to describe destructive interpersonal conflict. Proverbs identifies its sources—anger (15:18; 29:22), pride (28:25), gossip (16:28), and a contentious disposition (26:21)—and personifies it through the repeated figure of the 'contentious woman' (21:9; 25:24; 27:15). Habakkuk 1:3 applies the term to societal breakdown, while Psalm 80:6 uses it for Israel's conflicts with hostile neighbors. German Streit and French querelle both capture the interpersonal antagonism at the word's core. 22×
AR["(الْمُخاصَماتُ)", "(مُخاصَماتٍ)", "[مخاصمات]", "[ونزاعات]", "النِّزاعُ", "خِصامًا", "خِصامٍ", "نِزاعًا", "نِزَاعٍ", "وَ-نِزاعٌ"]·ben["(কলহের)", "[কলহের]", "[কেতীব]", "এবং-বিবাদ", "এবং-বিবাদগুলি", "কলহ", "কলহের", "বিবাদ", "বিবাদের"]·DE["Streit", "[מדון]", "und-Streit"]·EN["(contentions)", "[and-contentions]", "[contentions]", "and-contention", "contention", "contentions", "strife"]·FR["[מדון]", "et-combat", "et-querelle", "querelle"]·heb["(מדיינים)", "[ומדונים]", "[מדונים]", "ו-מדון", "מדון"]·HI["(झगड़ालू)", "(झगड़े)", "[और-झगड़े]", "[झगड़ालू]", "[झगड़े]", "और-झगड़ा", "झगड़ा", "झगड़ा-को", "झगड़ा।", "झगड़े-का"]·ID["(pertengkaran)", "(yang-suka-bertengkar)", "[dan-perselisihan]", "[pertengkaran]", "[yang-suka-bertengkar]", "dan-pertengkaran", "perselisihan", "pertengkaran"]·IT["[מדון]", "contesa", "e-contesa"]·jav["lan-padudon", "lan-pasulayan", "padudon", "pasulayan"]·KO["(다투는)", "(다툼들)", "[그리고-다툼들은]", "[다투는]", "[다툼들]", "그리고-분쟁이", "다투는", "다투을", "다툼-의", "다툼을", "다툼이", "분쟁의"]·PT["(contendas)", "[contendas]", "[e-contendas]", "contenda", "contendas", "discórdia", "e-conflito"]·RU["[ктив:и-ссоры]", "[ктив:раздоры]", "[ктив:сварливая]", "[ктив:сварливой]", "[ктив:сварливый]", "и-ссора", "раздор", "раздора", "раздоры", "сварливая", "сварливой", "сварливый", "ссоры"]·ES["(contenciosa)", "(contencioso)", "(contiendas?)", "(de-contiendas)", "[contenciosa]", "[contencioso]", "[contiendas?]", "[contiendas]", "[de-contiendas]", "[y-contiendas]", "contienda", "discordia", "y-discordia"]·SW["(mabishano)", "(mgomvi)", "[mabishano]", "[mgomvi]", "mabishano", "mgomvi", "na-mabishano", "ugomvi"]·TR["(kavgacı)", "(kavgalar)", "[kavgacı]", "[kavgalar]", "[ve-kavgalar]", "kavga", "kavganın", "ve-çatışma"]·urd["اور-فساد", "تکرار-کا", "جھگڑا", "جھگڑالو", "جھگڑے", "جھگڑے-کا"]
Ps 80:6, Prov 15:18, Prov 16:28, Prov 17:14, Prov 18:19, Prov 18:19, Prov 21:19, Prov 21:19, Prov 22:10, Prov 23:29, Prov 23:29, Prov 25:24 (+10 more)
Related Senses
H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)G0575 1. from (649×)G1223 1. through, by means of (582×)H3541 1. thus, so, in this manner (569×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† I. מָדוֹן n.m. Pr 22:10 strife, contention—ψ 80:7 + 9 times; pl. מִדְיָנִים Pr 18:18, מִדְ֯וָנִים Pr 18:19 + 7 times; contracted into מְדָנִים Pr 6:19; 10:12, מִדֳ֯נִים Pr 6:14; cstr. מִדְיְנֵי Pr 19:13. 1. strife, contention, alm. wholly Pr:—Pr 18:19; 23:29; 26:20; also 17:14 (‖ רִיב), 22:10 (‖ דִּין וְקָלוֹן); מ׳ יִשָּׂא Hb 1:3 contention ariseth (‖ ריב); שׁלּח מ׳ let loose strife Pr 6:14,…