H2558 H2558
Vinegar or sour wine — a sharp acidic liquid used as a condiment, drink, and in proverbial similes.
A masculine noun for vinegar or sour wine, a common condiment in the ancient Near East. Ruth dipped her bread in vinegar at Boaz's table (Ruth 2:14), while the Nazirite vow specifically prohibited both wine-vinegar and beer-vinegar (Num 6:3). Proverbs employs it memorably in similes: vinegar on the teeth for the sluggard's irritating effect (Prov 10:26), and vinegar on soda for the futility of singing songs to a heavy heart (Prov 25:20). The psalmist received it in place of water as an act of cruelty (Ps 69:21).
Senses
1. vinegar, sour wine — Vinegar or sour wine — a sharp, fermented liquid. Spanish 'vinagre' and French 'vinaigre' render it uniformly. Served as an everyday condiment for dipping bread (Ruth 2:14) but forbidden to Nazirites in both wine and beer varieties (Num 6:3). Used figuratively for harshness: given to the thirsty psalmist as mockery (Ps 69:21), compared to the irritation a sluggard causes (Prov 10:26 'like vinegar to the teeth'), and paired with natron to illustrate the discord of merry songs sung to a grieving heart (Prov 25:20). 6×
AR["خَلٌّ", "خَلَّ", "خَلّاً", "فِي-الْخَلِّ", "كَالْخَلِّ", "وَ-خَلَّ"]·ben["এবং-সিরকা", "যেমন-সিরকা", "সিরকা", "সিরকা।", "সেই-সিরকায়"]·DE["[בחמץ]", "[חמץ]", "[כחמץ]", "und-vinegar-von", "vinegar", "vinegar-von"]·EN["and-vinegar-of", "in-the-vinegar", "like-vinegar", "vinegar", "vinegar-of"]·FR["dans-le-vinaigre", "et-vinegar-de", "vinaigre", "vinegar-de", "חמץ", "כחמץ"]·heb["ב-חומץ", "ו-חמץ", "חומץ", "חמץ", "כ-חומץ"]·HI["और-सिरका", "जैसे-सिरका", "सिरका", "सिरके-में"]·ID["Seperti-cuka", "cuka", "dalam-cuka", "dan-cuka"]·IT["[חמץ]", "come-il-like-vinegar", "e-vinegar-di", "in-il-vinegar", "vinegar", "vinegar-di"]·jav["cuka", "ing-cuka", "kados-cuka", "lan-cuka"]·KO["그리고-초", "식초-같다", "식초-를", "식초이요", "에-그-초", "초"]·PT["Como-vinagre", "e-vinagre-de", "no-vinagre", "vinagre", "vinagre-de"]·RU["в-уксус", "и-уксус", "как-уксус", "уксус", "уксусом"]·ES["como-vinagre", "en-el-vinagre", "vinagre", "vinagre-de", "y-vinagre-de"]·SW["Hmts", "Uhmts", "kama-siki", "katika-siki", "siki"]·TR["-sirkeye", "gibi-sirke", "sirke", "sirkesini", "ve-sirkesini"]·urd["اور-سرکہ", "سرکہ", "سرکہ-جیسے", "میں-سرکے"]
Related Senses
H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)G0575 1. from (649×)G1223 1. through, by means of (582×)H3541 1. thus, so, in this manner (569×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† חֹ֫מֶץ n.m. vinegar—ח׳ abs. Pr 10:26 + 3 times; cstr. Nu 6:3(×2);—a common condiment Ru 2:14, forbidden to Nazirite (ח׳ יין and ח׳ שֵׁכָר) Nu 6:3(×2) (P), offered (in cruelty) to a thirsty man ψ 69:22 (fig. for harshness, lack of sympathy); in sim. of sluggard כַּחֹמֶץ לַשִּׁנַּיִם Pr 10:26, ח׳ עַל־נָ֑תֶר Pr 25:20 vinegar on nitre (sim. of merry songs for the heavy-hearted).