H2195 H2195
Indignation, fierce wrath; intense displeasure typically expressing God's righteous anger against sin and rebellion.
A noun denoting fierce, consuming indignation — the kind of anger that burns with purpose. Nearly always attributed to God, za'am appears in phrases like 'instruments of indignation' (Isa 13:5) and 'the day of indignation' (Ezek 22:24), portraying divine wrath as deliberate and measured rather than capricious. The Spanish 'indignación' and German 'Zorn' both capture its intensity, while a single occurrence in Ps 78:49 carries a distinct coloring of bitter vexation, as the Swahili 'uchungu' (bitterness) and Arabic 'ightiyāẓ' (vexation) suggest — wrath tinged with grieved resentment at Israel's stubbornness.
Senses
1. indignation, wrath — The dominant sense covering 21 of 22 occurrences: intense, righteous indignation directed by God against sin or enemy nations. Frequently paralleled with 'af (anger), 'evrah (fury), and qetzef (wrath), as in Ps 69:25 and Zeph 3:8 where God 'pours out' His za'am. Isaiah uses it in the phrase 'rod of my indignation' (10:5) and 'instruments of indignation' (13:5), depicting wrath as a purposeful tool of judgment. The multilingual glosses uniformly render this as 'indignation/Zorn/colère,' confirming a stable cross-linguistic sense. 21×
AR["السَّخَطُ","الْغَضَبِ","الْغَيْظُ","بِالسَّخَطِ","بِسَبَبِ-غَضَبِ","بِسَخَطِ-","سَخَطَكَ","سَخَطِكَ","سَخَطِهِ","سَخَطِي","سُخْطَهُ","سُخْطِهِ","سُخْطِي","غَضَبًا","غَضَبِكَ","غَيْظِهِ"]·ben["-ক্রোধের","আমার-ক্রোধ","আমার-রোষের","ক্রোধ","ক্রোধ-আমার","ক্রোধ-তাঁর","ক্রোধে","ক্রোধে-","ক্রোধের-কারণে-","তাঁর-ক্রোধের","তাঁর-রোষের","তোমার-ক্রোধ","তোমার-ক্রোধের","প্রচণ্ড","রোষ"]·DE["Zorn","[בזעם]","[הזעם]","[זעם]","[זעמו]","[זעמי]","[מזעם]","dein-Entrüstung"]·EN["His-indignation","Your-indignation","from-rage-of","his-indignation","in-indignation","in-the-indignation","indignation","indignation-my","my-indignation","of-indignation","the-wrath","wrath","your-indignation"]·FR["colère","dans-indignation","indignation"]·heb["ב-זעם","ה-זעם","זעם","זעמ-ך","זעמו","זעמי","זעמך","מ-זעם"]·HI["अपना-क्रोध","अपने-क्रोध-की-","अपने-क्रोध-के","उसका-प्रकोप","उसके-क्रोध-के","क्रोध","क्रोध-के","क्रोध-के-कारण","क्रोध-तेरे","क्रोध-में","क्रोध-से","तेरे-क्रोध","मेरा-क्रोध","मेरे-क्रोध","रोष"]·ID["-murka","Dengan-kegeraman","amarah","dalam-kemurkaan","karena-kemarahan","kegeraman","kegeraman-Ku","kemarahan","kemarahan-Ku","kemarahan-Mu","kemurkaan-Ku","menanggung-amarah-Nya","murka","murka-Mu","murka-Nya"]·IT["ira","la-tua-indignazione","sdegno"]·jav["Ing-bebendu","bebendhu-Panjenengan","bebendhué","bebendu","bebendu-Kula,","bebendu-Nipun","bebendu-nipun","bendhu","bendu-Kawula","bendunipun","bèndunipun-Panjenengan","duka","duka-Kawula","duka-Panjenengan","ing-murka","paukuman","paukuman-Kawula","saking-bebendu"]·KO["그-분노의","그의-분노","그의-분노를","내-분노라","내-분노를","당신-의-분노-와","부터-분노에서","분노-나의","분노-에서","분노가","분노로","분노를","에서-분노","주-의-분노-를","주-의-진노","진노-의","진노가","진노의-그의"]·PT["da-sua-indignação","de-Tua-indiçação","em-indignação","em-indignação-de","indignação","indignação-Minha","indinão","minha-indignação","por-ira-de","sua-indignacao","sua-indignação","tua-indignacao","tua-indignação"]·RU["-яростью-Твоей","[гнева-Твоего]","в-негодовании","гнев","гнев-Мой","гнева","гнева-Его","гнева-Своего","негодование","негодованием","негодованием-Его","от-ярости","ярости","ярости-Его","ярость-Мою","ярость-Моя","ярость-Твою"]·ES["Con-indignación","en-la-indignación-de","indignación","indignación-su","indignación-suya","ira","la-indignación","mi-indignación","por-furor-de","su-indignación","tu-indignación"]·SW["-ghadhabu-yake","ghadhabu","ghadhabu-yake","ghadhabu-yako","ghadhabu-yangu","hasira","hasira-yako","hasira-yangu","katika-hasira","kwa-ghadhabu","kwa-sababu-ya-hasira-ya","ni-ghadhabu-yangu","za-ghadhabu-yake"]·TR["gazabimin","gazabinin","gazabın","gazabının","gazabının-onun","hiddetle","ofke","Öfkeyle","öfke","öfke-gazabında","öfkemi","öfkeni","öfkenin","öfkesinden","öfkesine"]·urd["-شدّت-میں","اُس-کا-قہر","اُس-کے-غضب-کے","اُس-کے-قہر-کے","اپنا-غضب","تیرے-غصّے","تیرے-غضب-کے","غصّے-میں","غضب","غضب-اپنے-کے","غضب-سے","غضب-کے","قہر-میرا","میرا-غضب","میرے-قہر-کی"]
2. vexation, resentful displeasure — A single occurrence in Ps 78:49 where za'am appears alongside 'evrah and tzarah in a catalogue of afflictions sent upon Egypt. Multilingual evidence — Swahili 'uchungu' (bitterness/grief), Arabic 'ightiyāẓ' (vexation), Korean 'bungae' (resentful indignation) — suggests translators perceived a more personally aggrieved quality here: not merely judicial wrath but bitter displeasure, a vexation colored by the sting of Israel's provocation during the plagues narrative. 1×
AR["وَاغْتِيَاظًا"]·ben["এবং-ক্রোধ"]·DE["und-Entrüstung"]·EN["and-indignation"]·FR["et-indignation"]·heb["ו-זעם"]·HI["और-रोष"]·ID["dan-geram"]·IT["e-indignazione"]·jav["saha-bendu"]·KO["분개-를"]·PT["e-indignação"]·RU["и-негодование"]·ES["e-indignación"]·SW["na-uchungu"]·TR["ve-gazabı"]·urd["اور-غضب"]
Related Senses
H5921a 1. upon, on, over (spatial) (5443×)H0413 1. directional: to, toward (5366×)H1121a 1. son, male offspring, descendant (4914×)H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)H4428 1. king, human ruler (2518×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)H6440 1. before, in front of (spatial) (1870×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H3027 1. physical hand (body part) (1596×)H1697 1. word, speech, utterance (1235×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† זַ֫עַם n.m. Is 10:25 indignation;—ז׳ Is 10:25 + 7 times; זָ֑עַם Is 26:20 + 2 times; sf. זַעְמִי Is 10:5 + 3 times; זַעַמְךָ ψ 102:11; זַעְמֶ֑ךָ ψ 38:4; 69:25; זַעְמוֹ Is 13:5 + 3 times;—indignation of men Ho 7:16 Je 15:17; elsewhere of י׳ Is 26:20; 30:27 Na 1:6 Hb 3:12 ψ 38:4; 102:11 Dn 11:36; ‖ חרון אף ψ 69:25 Zp 3:8; ‖ עברה ψ 78:49 Ez 21:36; 22:31; ‖ קצף Je 10:10 ψ 102:11; ‖ אף Is 10:5, 25;…