H2103 H2103
To act presumptuously, arrogantly (Aramaic Haphel infinitive); Nebuchadnezzar's prideful behavior (Daniel 5:20)
This Aramaic infinitive describes Nebuchadnezzar's fatal flaw: his heart became proud and his spirit hardened 'to act presumptuously.' The causative Haphel stem emphasizes deliberate arrogant action. Daniel uses this to explain why Nebuchadnezzar was deposed—his presumption crossed a line, prompting divine judgment. The verb parallels the Hebrew root for arrogance and presumption, and the context (royal hubris, divine humbling) is classic biblical theodicy.
Senses
1. sense 1 — Spanish 'con-soberbia' (with pride), English 'to-act-proudly'—both capturing the arrogant disposition. Daniel 5:20 explains that Nebuchadnezzar's presumptuous pride led to his temporary madness and deposition, a cautionary tale Daniel tells Belshazzar to warn against similar hubris. The infinitive emphasizes ongoing, habitual arrogance: not a single act but a pattern of behavior that provoked divine intervention. The story illustrates the danger of royal self-exaltation, the king who forgets his accountability to the King of Heaven. 1×
AR["لِلْكِبْرِيَاءِ"]·ben["অহংকারে"]·DE["[להזדה]"]·EN["to-act-proudly"]·FR["Ézéchiel"]·heb["ל-התגאות"]·HI["के-लिए-घमण्ड"]·ID["untuk-bertindak-sombong"]·IT["[להזדה]"]·jav["tumindak-gumunggung"]·KO["교만하게-행하매"]·PT["para-agir-arrogantemente"]·RU["в-гордыне"]·ES["con-soberbia"]·SW["kwa-kiburi"]·TR["kibirle"]·urd["تکبر-میں"]
Related Senses
H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)G0575 1. from (649×)G1223 1. through, by means of (582×)H3541 1. thus, so, in this manner (569×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [זוּד] vb. be presumptuous (𝔗J; v. BH [זִיד, זוּד]);— Haph. Inf. לַהֲזָדָה Dn 5:20 act presumptuously.