H1995a H1995a
Sound, roar, tumult; a crowd or multitude of people; abundance or wealth of possessions
A richly layered noun whose senses move from sound to the thing producing the sound. At its base lies the idea of a rumbling noise — the roar of rushing water (Ps 65:7), the thunder of an approaching army (Jer 47:3), or the clamor of a festive crowd. From there it naturally extends to the crowd itself — a multitude, throng, or army en masse — and then further to abundance in the material sense: wealth, riches, plenty. Genesis 17:4-5 plays on this semantic range memorably when God renames Abram to Abraham, 'father of a multitude (הֲמוֹן) of nations.' Arabic جُمْهُور ('throng') and Swahili umati ('crowd') track the people sense, while Spanish abundancia and Hindi बाहुल्य capture the quantity sense.
Senses
1. multitude, crowd, throng — A multitude, crowd, or throng of people — the most frequent sense, covering national populations, armies, gathered assemblies, or masses. Used of the Aramean host (1 Kgs 20:13, 28), the remaining populace of Jerusalem (2 Kgs 7:13), and prophetically of Gog's vast horde (Ezek 39:11, 15). Arabic جُمْهُور ('throng'), Swahili umati ('crowd'), and Korean 무리 ('multitude') consistently confirm the collective-human reference. Often appears in construct chains: הֲמוֹן גּוֹגִ ('the multitude of Gog'), הֲמוֹן מִצְרַיִם ('the multitude of Egypt'). 58×
AR["الجُمهورِ", "جُمْهُورَ", "جُمْهُورَهَا", "جُمْهُورُ", "جُمْهُورِهَا", "جُمْهُورِهِ", "ضَجِيجَ"]·ben["গণ", "গর্জন", "জনতা", "তার-জনতাকে", "তার-জনসমূহ", "তার-জনসমূহ।", "তার-জনসমূহের", "প্রাচুর্য"]·DE["Menge", "der-sie"]·EN["a-roar-of", "abundance-of", "her-multitude", "her-multitudes", "his-multitude", "of-ruthless-ones", "of-your-strangers", "the-multitude"]·FR["[ההמון]", "multitude"]·heb["ה-המון", "המון", "המונה", "המונו", "המוניה"]·HI["आदोनाई", "उसकी-भीड़", "उसकी-भीड़ों", "की-भीड़", "गर्जन", "घरघराहट", "बहुतायत", "भीड़", "भीड़-उसकी", "भीड़-उसकी-को", "वे-विलाप-करेंगी-उसे"]·ID["gemuruh", "gerombolan", "kekayaan", "kekayaannya,", "kerumunan", "kerumunannya", "rakyatnya", "rakyatnya,", "rakyatnya.", "rakyatnya:"]·IT["folla", "moltitudine"]·jav["golongan-ipun", "gumrobyos", "gumuruh", "karaméan-karaméanipun", "karaméanipun", "kasugihanipun", "kathah", "kathahipun", "réyanipun", "tiyang-kathah"]·KO["그-무리", "그것의-군중들을", "그것의-군중을", "그것의-군중이", "그의-군중이", "많은-것이", "무리-그의를", "무리가", "무리를-그것의", "무리의-그의", "무리이-그의", "우레가", "풍성함이"]·PT["a-multidão", "multidão-de", "multidão-dela", "multidão-dele", "multidões-dela", "sua-abundância"]·RU["богатство-", "богатство-его", "множества-его", "множество", "множество-его", "множеством-его", "множеству-его", "толпу"]·ES["estruendo-de", "la-multitud", "la-multitud-de", "la-multitud-del", "multitud-de", "su-multitud"]·SW["umati", "umati-wake", "wingi", "wingi-wake"]·TR["bolulugu-", "gürlültüsü", "kalabaligi", "kalabalıklarını", "kalabalığı", "kalabalığın", "kalabalığına", "kalabalığını", "kalabalığının", "kalabalığıyla", "uğultusu"]·urd["اُس-کی-بھیڑ", "اُس-کی-بھیڑ-میں", "اُس-کی-بھیڑ-کو", "بھیڑ", "بہتات-اُس-کی", "شور", "ہجوم"]
1 Sam 14:16, 2 Sam 6:19, 1 Kgs 20:13, 1 Kgs 20:28, 2 Kgs 7:13, 2 Kgs 7:13, 2 Kgs 25:11, 2 Chr 13:8, 2 Chr 14:11, 2 Chr 20:2, 2 Chr 20:12, 2 Chr 20:15 (+38 more)
2. tumult, uproar, commotion — Tumult, uproar, or commotion — the noisy disturbance of a crowd, battle, or social upheaval. When Eli asks 'What is the noise of this tumult?' at the capture of the ark (1 Sam 4:14), or when Joab perceives the uproar subsiding (1 Sam 14:19), the emphasis is on chaotic sound rather than the number of people. French tumulte, Spanish tumulto/alboroto, and German Tumult all track this disorder-and-noise focus. Job 39:7 uses it of the din of a city the wild donkey scorns. 12×
AR["اضْطِرَابُ", "الضَّجِيجِ", "الـ-ضَّجِيجِ", "الْجُمهورَ", "جُمْهُورٍ", "جُمْهُورُ", "ضَجِيجُ", "لِـ-ضَجِيجِ", "مِنْ-ضَجِيجِ", "وَ-الـ-جُمْهُورُ"]·ben["-কোলাহলে-", "আর-জনতা", "কোলাহল-", "কোলাহলের", "গোলযোগ", "জনতার", "দল-গোলযোগ", "ভীড়ের", "শব্দ", "শব্দের", "স্পন্দন"]·DE["Menge", "[להמון]", "der-tumult", "sie", "und-der-tumult"]·EN["a-multitude", "and-the-tumult", "at-the-tumult-of", "multitude", "of-tumult", "the-stirring-of", "the-tumult", "tumult", "tumult-of"]·FR["et-le-tumult", "le-tumult", "multitude", "à-להמון"]·heb["ה-המון", "המון", "ו-ה-המון", "ל-המון"]·HI["और-भीड़", "गड़बड़", "दंगा", "भीड़", "भीड़-की", "शोर", "शोर-पर", "हलचल-की"]·ID["-keributan", "dan-keributan", "gejolak", "keramaian", "keributan", "orang-banyak"]·IT["e-il-tumulto", "essi", "il-tumulto", "moltitudine", "per-a-il-tumult-di"]·jav["geger", "gumuruh", "gègèr", "lan-ing-grombolan", "rame", "ramé", "réya", "tiyang-kathah", "tumrap-rame-ipun"]·KO["그-소란을", "그-소란의", "그리고-그-소동이", "끌끼는-것이", "많은-무리가", "무리의", "소동-에", "소동이", "소란의", "소란이니"]·PT["a-multidão", "da-multidão-de", "do-tumulto-de-", "e-o-tumulto", "multidão", "o-tumulto", "tumulto", "tumulto-de", "uma-multidão"]·RU["грома", "и-шум", "множества", "множество-", "над-шумом", "смятение", "толпы", "трепет-", "шум", "шума", "шуму"]·ES["El-tumulto-de", "de-multitud-de", "el-alboroto", "el-bullicio-de", "el-tumulto", "estruendo", "estruendo-de", "multitud", "multitud-de", "y-el-tumulto"]·SW["ghasia", "kelele", "kelele-za", "kwa-kelele", "msisimko", "na-umati", "umati", "ya-ghasia", "ya-kelele", "ya-umati"]·TR["-kalabalığın", "cakisma-", "gürültüsü", "kalabaligi", "kalabaligiin", "kalabaligini", "kalabalik", "kalabalığı", "kalabalığın", "kalabalığına", "ve-kalabalık"]·urd["اور-ہجوم", "شور", "شور-شرابہ", "شور-کی", "شہر-کے-شور-پر", "کثرت", "ہجوم", "ہجوم-کی", "ہنگامہ", "ہنگامے-کی"]
3. abundance, wealth, plenty — Abundance, wealth, or plenty — a large quantity of material possessions or resources rather than people. Psalm 37:16 contrasts 'the little that the righteous has' with 'the abundance (הֲמוֹן) of many wicked,' and 1 Chronicles 29:16 speaks of the 'abundance' of materials prepared for the temple. God's renaming of Abraham (Gen 17:4-5) bridges the human and material senses: 'father of a multitude of nations.' Spanish abundancia, Hindi बाहुल्य ('profusion'), and Arabic كَثْرَة ('abundance') confirm the quantity-of-things reading. 8×
AR["بِكَثْرَةِ", "جُمْهُورِ", "كَثرَةَ", "لِصَاحِبِهَا", "مِنْ-غِنى", "هَذَا-الْوَفْرَةِ", "وَكَثْرَةُ"]·ben["-থেকে", "অনেক", "এই-প্রাচুর্য", "এবং-গর্জন", "ধ্বনিতে-", "প্রাচুর্যে", "বহু"]·DE["Menge", "[בהמון]", "als-Überfluss-von", "der-sie", "einer-Menge", "sie", "und-Menge"]·EN["and-the-multitude-of", "by-the-multitude-of", "multitude-of", "than-abundance-of", "this-abundance", "with-abundance"]·FR["[ההמון]", "[המון]", "dans-multitude", "de-multitude", "et-multitude", "multitude-de", "בהמון"]·heb["ב-המון", "ה-המון", "המון", "ו-המון", "מ-המון"]·HI["-के-बहुतायत", "और-भीड़", "बहुत", "भीड़-से", "में-उमड़ती", "से-धन"]·ID["-kelimpahan", "banyak", "dan-kelimpahan", "dengan-gemuruh", "dengan-kelimpahan"]·IT["e-moltitudine", "folla", "moltitudine", "multitude-di", "nel-con-abundance"]·jav["déning-gumuruh", "ing-kasugihan", "kathah", "kèkathahan", "lan-kathahipun", "tinimbang-kathah"]·KO["-풍부함-보다", "그-풍성함", "그리고-무리가", "많은", "무리의", "에-많은-것이", "퐓음-에서"]·PT["do-que-a-abundância-de", "e-multidão-de", "em-abundância", "esta-abundância", "multidão-de", "na-multidão-de"]·RU["в-изобилии -", "и-множество", "изобилие", "множества", "множество", "множеством", "чем-изобилие"]·ES["la-abundancia", "multitud-de", "por-multitud-de", "que-abundancia-de", "y-multitud-de"]·SW["kuliko-utajiri-wa", "kwa-wingi", "na-wingi-wa", "wingi", "wingi-wa"]·TR["-çokluğundan", "bolluga", "kalabalık", "kalabalığın", "uğultusuyla", "ve-çokluk", "çokluğu"]·urd["-شور-سے", "اور-کثرت", "بہتیری", "دولت", "دولت-سے", "کثرت"]
4. noise, sound, roar — A noise, sound, or roar — the raw auditory phenomenon, especially of rushing water, rumbling forces, or resonant clamor. Elijah hears 'the sound of abundance of rain' (1 Kgs 18:41), the psalmist praises God who 'stills the roaring of the seas, the roaring of their waves' (Ps 65:7), and Jeremiah describes 'the noise of the stamping of hooves' (Jer 47:3). Spanish estrépito/ruido ('din, noise'), French bruit, and Arabic ضَجَّة ('clamor') all confirm the purely auditory sense. Ezekiel 26:13 poignantly declares that God will silence 'the sound of your harps.' 6×
AR["حَفيفِ", "ضَجيجَ", "ضَجِيجَ", "ضَجِيجِ", "وَ-ضَجيجَ", "وَ-مِنْ-جَلَبَتِهِمْ"]·ben["ও-কোলাহল", "ও-তাদের-কোলাহলে", "কোলাহল", "গর্জন", "শব্দ"]·DE["Menge", "[המון]", "roar-von", "sie", "und-Menge", "und-der-tumult-von"]·EN["and-at-their-noise", "and-the-tumult-of", "noise-of", "roar-of", "sound-of-"]·FR["et-le-multitude", "et-multitude", "multitude", "roar-de"]·heb["המוֹן", "המון", "ו-המון", "ו-מ-המונם"]·HI["और-कोलाहल", "और-से-भीड़-उनकी", "शोर"]·ID["dan-dari-kebisingan-mereka", "dan-keributan", "gemuruh", "kebisingan", "keramaian-", "keributan"]·IT["e-folla", "e-moltitudine", "essi", "moltitudine", "roar-di"]·jav["gumuruhipun", "gègèr", "lan-saking-ramé", "réya", "saha-gègèran", "swara"]·KO["그리고-소란-을", "그리고-에서-그들의-소란에서", "소란을", "소란이", "소리를-", "풍성함-의"]·PT["barulho-de", "e-de-sua-multidão", "e-o-tumulto", "estrépito-de", "multidão-de", "tumulto-de"]·RU["грохот", "гул", "и-от-шума-их", "и-смятение", "шума"]·ES["el-estrépito-de", "estruendo-de", "ruido-de", "y-de-su-multitud", "y-tumulto-de"]·SW["kelele-ya", "kelele-za", "mvurumiko-wa", "na-kwa-kelele-yao", "na-makelele"]·TR["gürültüsü", "gürültüsünü", "uğultusundan", "ve-kalabaliklaarindan", "ve-kalabalığını"]·urd["اور-اُن-کی-بھیڑ-سے", "شور", "وَ-شور-و-غل", "گڑگڑاہٹ"]
Related Senses
H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)G0575 1. from (649×)G1223 1. through, by means of (582×)H3541 1. thus, so, in this manner (569×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† הָמוֹן n.m. 1 S 4:14 (f. †Jb 31:34?) sound, murmur, roar, crowd, abundance;—abs. ה׳ 1 S 4:14 + 27 times (+ 2 K 25:11 = אָמוֹן in ‖ Je 52:15, v. ii. אָמוֹן p. 54 supr.); cstr. הֲמוֹן Gn 17:4 + 30 times + Ez 39:11, 15 (גֵּיא הֲמוֹן גּוֹג); sf. הֲמוֹנוֹ Is 5:13 + 2 times + Ez 31:18 Qr + 3 times (Kt המונה); so also Co for n.pr. (?) הֲמוֹנָה (q.v.) 39:16; הַמוֹנָהּ Is 5:14 + 6 times + Ez 7:12, 13;…