H1995a H1995a
Sound, roar, tumult; a crowd or multitude of people; abundance or wealth of possessions
A richly layered noun whose senses move from sound to the thing producing the sound. At its base lies the idea of a rumbling noise — the roar of rushing water (Ps 65:7), the thunder of an approaching army (Jer 47:3), or the clamor of a festive crowd. From there it naturally extends to the crowd itself — a multitude, throng, or army en masse — and then further to abundance in the material sense: wealth, riches, plenty. Genesis 17:4-5 plays on this semantic range memorably when God renames Abram to Abraham, 'father of a multitude (הֲמוֹן) of nations.' Arabic جُمْهُور ('throng') and Swahili umati ('crowd') track the people sense, while Spanish abundancia and Hindi बाहुल्य capture the quantity sense.
Senses
1. multitude, crowd, throng — A multitude, crowd, or throng of people — the most frequent sense, covering national populations, armies, gathered assemblies, or masses. Used of the Aramean host (1 Kgs 20:13, 28), the remaining populace of Jerusalem (2 Kgs 7:13), and prophetically of Gog's vast horde (Ezek 39:11, 15). Arabic جُمْهُور ('throng'), Swahili umati ('crowd'), and Korean 무리 ('multitude') consistently confirm the collective-human reference. Often appears in construct chains: הֲמוֹן גּוֹגִ ('the multitude of Gog'), הֲמוֹן מִצְרַיִם ('the multitude of Egypt'). 58×
AR["الجُمهورِ","جُمْهُورَ","جُمْهُورَهَا","جُمْهُورُ","جُمْهُورِهَا","جُمْهُورِهِ","ضَجِيجَ"]·ben["গণ","গর্জন","জনতা","তার-জনতাকে","তার-জনসমূহ","তার-জনসমূহ।","তার-জনসমূহের","প্রাচুর্য"]·DE["Menge","der-sie"]·EN["a-roar-of","abundance-of","her-multitude","her-multitudes","his-multitude","of-ruthless-ones","of-your-strangers","the-multitude"]·FR["[ההמון]","multitude"]·heb["ה-המון","המון","המונה","המונו","המוניה"]·HI["आदोनाई","उसकी-भीड़","उसकी-भीड़ों","की-भीड़","गर्जन","घरघराहट","बहुतायत","भीड़","भीड़-उसकी","भीड़-उसकी-को","वे-विलाप-करेंगी-उसे"]·ID["gemuruh","gerombolan","kekayaan","kekayaannya,","kerumunan","kerumunannya","rakyatnya","rakyatnya,","rakyatnya.","rakyatnya:"]·IT["folla","moltitudine"]·jav["golongan-ipun","gumrobyos","gumuruh","karaméan-karaméanipun","karaméanipun","kasugihanipun","kathah","kathahipun","réyanipun","tiyang-kathah"]·KO["그-무리","그것의-군중들을","그것의-군중을","그것의-군중이","그의-군중이","많은-것이","무리-그의를","무리가","무리를-그것의","무리의-그의","무리이-그의","우레가","풍성함이"]·PT["a-multidão","multidão-de","multidão-dela","multidão-dele","multidões-dela","sua-abundância"]·RU["богатство-","богатство-его","множества-его","множество","множество-его","множеством-его","множеству-его","толпу"]·ES["estruendo-de","la-multitud","la-multitud-de","la-multitud-del","multitud-de","su-multitud"]·SW["umati","umati-wake","wingi","wingi-wake"]·TR["bolulugu-","gürlültüsü","kalabaligi","kalabalıklarını","kalabalığı","kalabalığın","kalabalığına","kalabalığını","kalabalığının","kalabalığıyla","uğultusu"]·urd["اُس-کی-بھیڑ","اُس-کی-بھیڑ-میں","اُس-کی-بھیڑ-کو","بھیڑ","بہتات-اُس-کی","شور","ہجوم"]
1 Sam 14:16, 2 Sam 6:19, 1 Kgs 20:13, 1 Kgs 20:28, 2 Kgs 7:13, 2 Kgs 7:13, 2 Kgs 25:11, 2 Chr 13:8, 2 Chr 14:11, 2 Chr 20:2, 2 Chr 20:12, 2 Chr 20:15 (+38 more)
2. tumult, uproar, commotion — Tumult, uproar, or commotion — the noisy disturbance of a crowd, battle, or social upheaval. When Eli asks 'What is the noise of this tumult?' at the capture of the ark (1 Sam 4:14), or when Joab perceives the uproar subsiding (1 Sam 14:19), the emphasis is on chaotic sound rather than the number of people. French tumulte, Spanish tumulto/alboroto, and German Tumult all track this disorder-and-noise focus. Job 39:7 uses it of the din of a city the wild donkey scorns. 12×
AR["اضْطِرَابُ","الضَّجِيجِ","الـ-ضَّجِيجِ","الْجُمهورَ","جُمْهُورٍ","جُمْهُورُ","ضَجِيجُ","لِـ-ضَجِيجِ","مِنْ-ضَجِيجِ","وَ-الـ-جُمْهُورُ"]·ben["-কোলাহলে-","আর-জনতা","কোলাহল-","কোলাহলের","গোলযোগ","জনতার","দল-গোলযোগ","ভীড়ের","শব্দ","শব্দের","স্পন্দন"]·DE["Menge","[להמון]","der-tumult","sie","und-der-tumult"]·EN["a-multitude","and-the-tumult","at-the-tumult-of","multitude","of-tumult","the-stirring-of","the-tumult","tumult","tumult-of"]·FR["et-le-tumult","le-tumult","multitude","à-להמון"]·heb["ה-המון","המון","ו-ה-המון","ל-המון"]·HI["और-भीड़","गड़बड़","दंगा","भीड़","भीड़-की","शोर","शोर-पर","हलचल-की"]·ID["-keributan","dan-keributan","gejolak","keramaian","keributan","orang-banyak"]·IT["e-il-tumulto","essi","il-tumulto","moltitudine","per-a-il-tumult-di"]·jav["geger","gumuruh","gègèr","lan-ing-grombolan","rame","ramé","réya","tiyang-kathah","tumrap-rame-ipun"]·KO["그-소란을","그-소란의","그리고-그-소동이","끌끼는-것이","많은-무리가","무리의","소동-에","소동이","소란의","소란이니"]·PT["a-multidão","da-multidão-de","do-tumulto-de-","e-o-tumulto","multidão","o-tumulto","tumulto","tumulto-de","uma-multidão"]·RU["грома","и-шум","множества","множество-","над-шумом","смятение","толпы","трепет-","шум","шума","шуму"]·ES["El-tumulto-de","de-multitud-de","el-alboroto","el-bullicio-de","el-tumulto","estruendo","estruendo-de","multitud","multitud-de","y-el-tumulto"]·SW["ghasia","kelele","kelele-za","kwa-kelele","msisimko","na-umati","umati","ya-ghasia","ya-kelele","ya-umati"]·TR["-kalabalığın","cakisma-","gürültüsü","kalabaligi","kalabaligiin","kalabaligini","kalabalik","kalabalığı","kalabalığın","kalabalığına","ve-kalabalık"]·urd["اور-ہجوم","شور","شور-شرابہ","شور-کی","شہر-کے-شور-پر","کثرت","ہجوم","ہجوم-کی","ہنگامہ","ہنگامے-کی"]
3. abundance, wealth, plenty — Abundance, wealth, or plenty — a large quantity of material possessions or resources rather than people. Psalm 37:16 contrasts 'the little that the righteous has' with 'the abundance (הֲמוֹן) of many wicked,' and 1 Chronicles 29:16 speaks of the 'abundance' of materials prepared for the temple. God's renaming of Abraham (Gen 17:4-5) bridges the human and material senses: 'father of a multitude of nations.' Spanish abundancia, Hindi बाहुल्य ('profusion'), and Arabic كَثْرَة ('abundance') confirm the quantity-of-things reading. 8×
AR["بِكَثْرَةِ","جُمْهُورِ","كَثرَةَ","لِصَاحِبِهَا","مِنْ-غِنى","هَذَا-الْوَفْرَةِ","وَكَثْرَةُ"]·ben["-থেকে","অনেক","এই-প্রাচুর্য","এবং-গর্জন","ধ্বনিতে-","প্রাচুর্যে","বহু"]·DE["Menge","[בהמון]","als-Überfluss-von","der-sie","einer-Menge","sie","und-Menge"]·EN["and-the-multitude-of","by-the-multitude-of","multitude-of","than-abundance-of","this-abundance","with-abundance"]·FR["[ההמון]","[המון]","dans-multitude","de-multitude","et-multitude","multitude-de","בהמון"]·heb["ב-המון","ה-המון","המון","ו-המון","מ-המון"]·HI["-के-बहुतायत","और-भीड़","बहुत","भीड़-से","में-उमड़ती","से-धन"]·ID["-kelimpahan","banyak","dan-kelimpahan","dengan-gemuruh","dengan-kelimpahan"]·IT["e-moltitudine","folla","moltitudine","multitude-di","nel-con-abundance"]·jav["déning-gumuruh","ing-kasugihan","kathah","kèkathahan","lan-kathahipun","tinimbang-kathah"]·KO["-풍부함-보다","그-풍성함","그리고-무리가","많은","무리의","에-많은-것이","퐓음-에서"]·PT["do-que-a-abundância-de","e-multidão-de","em-abundância","esta-abundância","multidão-de","na-multidão-de"]·RU["в-изобилии -","и-множество","изобилие","множества","множество","множеством","чем-изобилие"]·ES["la-abundancia","multitud-de","por-multitud-de","que-abundancia-de","y-multitud-de"]·SW["kuliko-utajiri-wa","kwa-wingi","na-wingi-wa","wingi","wingi-wa"]·TR["-çokluğundan","bolluga","kalabalık","kalabalığın","uğultusuyla","ve-çokluk","çokluğu"]·urd["-شور-سے","اور-کثرت","بہتیری","دولت","دولت-سے","کثرت"]
4. noise, sound, roar — A noise, sound, or roar — the raw auditory phenomenon, especially of rushing water, rumbling forces, or resonant clamor. Elijah hears 'the sound of abundance of rain' (1 Kgs 18:41), the psalmist praises God who 'stills the roaring of the seas, the roaring of their waves' (Ps 65:7), and Jeremiah describes 'the noise of the stamping of hooves' (Jer 47:3). Spanish estrépito/ruido ('din, noise'), French bruit, and Arabic ضَجَّة ('clamor') all confirm the purely auditory sense. Ezekiel 26:13 poignantly declares that God will silence 'the sound of your harps.' 6×
AR["حَفيفِ","ضَجيجَ","ضَجِيجَ","ضَجِيجِ","وَ-ضَجيجَ","وَ-مِنْ-جَلَبَتِهِمْ"]·ben["ও-কোলাহল","ও-তাদের-কোলাহলে","কোলাহল","গর্জন","শব্দ"]·DE["Menge","[המון]","roar-von","sie","und-Menge","und-der-tumult-von"]·EN["and-at-their-noise","and-the-tumult-of","noise-of","roar-of","sound-of-"]·FR["et-le-multitude","et-multitude","multitude","roar-de"]·heb["המוֹן","המון","ו-המון","ו-מ-המונם"]·HI["और-कोलाहल","और-से-भीड़-उनकी","शोर"]·ID["dan-dari-kebisingan-mereka","dan-keributan","gemuruh","kebisingan","keramaian-","keributan"]·IT["e-folla","e-moltitudine","essi","moltitudine","roar-di"]·jav["gumuruhipun","gègèr","lan-saking-ramé","réya","saha-gègèran","swara"]·KO["그리고-소란-을","그리고-에서-그들의-소란에서","소란을","소란이","소리를-","풍성함-의"]·PT["barulho-de","e-de-sua-multidão","e-o-tumulto","estrépito-de","multidão-de","tumulto-de"]·RU["грохот","гул","и-от-шума-их","и-смятение","шума"]·ES["el-estrépito-de","estruendo-de","ruido-de","y-de-su-multitud","y-tumulto-de"]·SW["kelele-ya","kelele-za","mvurumiko-wa","na-kwa-kelele-yao","na-makelele"]·TR["gürültüsü","gürültüsünü","uğultusundan","ve-kalabaliklaarindan","ve-kalabalığını"]·urd["اور-اُن-کی-بھیڑ-سے","شور","وَ-شور-و-غل","گڑگڑاہٹ"]
Related Senses
H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)G0575 1. from (649×)G1223 1. through, by means of (582×)H3541 1. thus, so, in this manner (569×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† הָמוֹן n.m. 1 S 4:14 (f. †Jb 31:34?) sound, murmur, roar, crowd, abundance;—abs. ה׳ 1 S 4:14 + 27 times (+ 2 K 25:11 = אָמוֹן in ‖ Je 52:15, v. ii. אָמוֹן p. 54 supr.); cstr. הֲמוֹן Gn 17:4 + 30 times + Ez 39:11, 15 (גֵּיא הֲמוֹן גּוֹג); sf. הֲמוֹנוֹ Is 5:13 + 2 times + Ez 31:18 Qr + 3 times (Kt המונה); so also Co for n.pr. (?) הֲמוֹנָה (q.v.) 39:16; הַמוֹנָהּ Is 5:14 + 6 times + Ez 7:12, 13;…