H1481c H1481c
To fear, be afraid, stand in awe — a homograph of gur I (sojourn) and gur II (stir up strife)
The verb גּוּר III (gur) means to fear, be afraid, or stand in awe. It must be carefully distinguished from its homographs: gur I ('to sojourn, dwell as an alien') and gur II ('to stir up strife, attack'). This root denotes reverential awe or dread, appearing in both human and divine contexts. Moab dreaded Israel's approach (Num 22:3), Moses commands judges not to fear human faces (Deut 1:17), and the psalmist calls all the earth to stand in awe of the Lord (Ps 33:8). Psalm 22:24 assures that God has not despised the afflicted, nor hidden his face — 'all the seed of Israel, fear him!' Job 41:17 uses it of the terror inspired by Leviathan. The Niphal in Deuteronomy 18:22 describes what the people need not fear regarding a false prophet.
Senses
1. fear, be afraid, stand in awe — To fear, be afraid, or stand in awe — expressing reverential dread before God or existential terror before overwhelming power. Moab was 'exceedingly afraid' of Israel (Num 22:3); Moses exhorts judges not to 'be afraid of any man' (Deut 1:17); the psalmist summons all earth's inhabitants to 'stand in awe' of the Lord (Ps 33:8; 22:24). Deuteronomy 18:22 assures Israel they need not fear a prophet whose word fails. Job 41:17 uses it of the dread Leviathan inspires. Spanish 'temer,' Arabic خاف (khafa), and Korean 두려워하다 (duryeowohada) reflect the spectrum from terror to reverence. 10×
AR["أَخَافُهُ","اِخَافُوا","تَخافوا","تَخَفْ","وَ-خَافَ","وَ-فَزِعَ","وَاخْشَوْا","يَخافُ","يَرْهَبْ","يَفْزَعُ"]·ben["আমি-ভয়-করতাম","এবং-ভয়-করো","এবং-ভয়-পেল","এবং-সঞ্চিত-হলেন","কম্পিত-হোক","তুমি-ভয়-করবে","ভয়-কর","ভয়-করবে","ভয়-পায়"]·DE["[גורו]","[יגורו]","du-soll-Furcht","ich-fuerchtete","lass-stehen-in-Ehrfurcht","und-er-fuerchtete","und-fuerchtete","und-stehen-in-Ehrfurcht-von"]·EN["I-feared","and-feared","and-he-feared","and-stand-in-awe-of","are-afraid","be-afraid","let-stand-in-awe","shall-fear","you-shall-fear"]·FR["attaquer","craindre","et-attaquer","et-craignit","et-il-craignit","je-craignit","tu-craindras","tu-devra-crainte","גורו","יגורו"]·heb["אגור","גורו","ו-גורו","ו-יגור","ו-יגר","יגורו","תגור","תגורו"]·HI["और-डरा","और-डरो","और-दरअ","डरता-मैं","डरते-हैं","डरेंगे","डरेगा","डरो","डरोगे","थर-थराएँ"]·ID["Aku-takut","dan-dia-takut","dan-ketakutanlah","kamu-takut","takut","takutlah"]·IT["[יגורו]","are-afraid","e-egli-temette","e-soggiorno'","e-temette","essere-afraid","io-temette","soggiorno'","tu-dovra-temere"]·jav["Kawula-ajrih","ajriha","geter","lan-ajrih","lan-ajrih-sanget","mugi-geter","panjenengan-ajrih","saha-ajriha","sami-ajrih"]·KO["그리고-두려워하라","그리고-두려워했다","내가-두려웠다","너희가-두려워하여라","두려워하라","두려워하리라","두려워한다","두려워할지어다"]·PT["E-temeu","Temei","e-temei","e-temia","temem","temereis","temerás","temerão","temesse","tremam"]·RU["бойся","бойтесь","да-трепещут","и-благоговейте","и-страшился","и-убоялся","опасался","ужасаются","ужаснутся"]·ES["Temed","Y-temió","temen","temerán","temerás","temeréis","temo","tiemblen","y-temed","y-temió"]·SW["Na-akaogopa","kuweza","mwogope","na-akaogopa","na-mcheni","niliogopa","ogopeni","wanaogopa","wataogopa","wawe-na-hofu"]·TR["biriktirdiğim","korkacaklar","korkacaksın","korkacaksınız","korkun","korkuyorlar","ve-korktu","ve-korkun","ve-çekindi","çekinsinler"]·urd["اور-ڈرا","اور-ڈرو","تُو-ڈرے","خوف-کھائیں","ڈرتا-میں","ڈرتے-ہیں","ڈرو","ڈریں-گے"]
Related Senses
H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)G0575 1. from (649×)G1223 1. through, by means of (582×)H3541 1. thus, so, in this manner (569×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† III. [גּוּר] vb. dread (cf. יָגֹר)— Qal Impf. וַיָּגָר Nu 22:3 1 S 18:15; 2 ms. תָּגוּר Dt 18:22; אָגוּר Dt 32:27; pl. יָגוּרוּ ψ 33:8; Jb 41:17 + Ho 10:5, תָּגוּרוּ Dt 1:17; Imv. גּוּרוּ ψ 22:24 Jb 19:29;— 1. be afraid of, sq. מִפְּנֵי Nu 22:3 Dt 1:17 1 S 18:15, גּוּרוּ לָכֶם מִפְּנֵי Jb 19:29; c. מִן 41:17 Dt 18:22; c. acc. Dt 32:27 (poet.) Ho 10:5 read prob. ינודו lament (‖ אבל, used c. לְ e.g. Na 3:7 Je 15:5 al.; cf. Che). 2. stand in awe of, sq. מִן ψ 22:24; 33:8 (‖ יָרֵא).