H0905 H0905
Separation, alone, by oneself; apart from, besides; also: poles/staves, limbs, branches, bars
The noun bad encompasses a striking semantic range rooted in the idea of separation or partition. In its most frequent use with the preposition le- and suffixes, it means 'alone, by oneself' — from God's declaration that it is not good for man to be alone (Gen 2:18) to the exclusive formula 'apart from, besides.' As a concrete noun, bad denotes objects that are separated or extended: the carrying poles of the tabernacle furniture, limbs of a body, branches of a vine, or bars of a gate. Arabic bidd (portion) preserves the partitive core, while the concrete extensions show how a single root of 'separation' branches into diverse physical referents.
4. sense 4 — In Exodus 30:34, bad appears in the spice recipe as 'part' or 'equal portion' — 'sweet spices, each in equal part (bad bevad).' The phrase denotes measured, separated portions of ingredients. Spanish parte and French partie support the partitive reading, linking back to the Arabic bidd (portion) that anchors the root's etymology. 2×
AR["بِ-جُزءٍ","جُزءٌ"]·ben["অংশ","অংশ-অংশ"]·DE["in-part","part"]·EN["in-part","part"]·FR["dans-partie","partie"]·heb["ב-בד","בד"]·HI["बराबर"]·ID["bagian","dengan-bagian"]·IT["in-part","part"]·jav["sami"]·KO["부분","부분에"]·PT["parte","por-parte"]·RU["в-часть","частью"]·ES["parte","por-parte"]·SW["kwa-sehemu","sehemu"]·TR["eşit"]·urd["برابر"]
▼ 6 more senses below
Senses
1. alone, by oneself — With le- and pronominal suffixes (levaddo, levaddi, etc.), bad expresses solitary state: 'alone, by oneself, only.' Genesis 2:18 establishes the existential weight ('not good to be alone'), while Zechariah 12:12-14 repeats levad to emphasize isolated mourning. Arabic wahdahu, Swahili peke yake, and Korean holro all confirm this adverbial-exclusive meaning across language families. 107×
AR["وَحدَهُ","وَحدَهُ-","وَحْدي","وَحْدَ-هُ","وَحْدَهُ","وَحْدِي"]·ben["একা","একা-","একা।","একাই","একাকী","তার-একা"]·DE["allein","alone","bei-sich-selbst"]·EN["alone","alone-him","by-himself"]·FR["par-lui-même","seul","seul-lui"]·heb["ל-בד-ו","ל-בדו","ל-בדו-ו","ל-בדי","לבדו","לבדי"]·HI["अकेला","अकेला-मैं"]·ID["sendiri","sendirian","seorang","seorang-diri"]·IT["da-sé-stesso","solo","solo-lui"]·jav["piyambak","piyambakan"]·KO["만","만이","에-홀로","홀로","홀로라면"]·PT["sozinho"]·RU["один","один-мой","один-я","одно","одному-ему"]·ES["solo","solo-él","yo-solo"]·SW["kumweka","na-tukale","peke-yake","peke-yangu","pekee"]·TR["tek-başıma","yalnız","yalnızca"]·urd["اکیلا","اکیلا-ہے"]
2. apart from, besides — The compound preposition mil-levad ('from-separation-of') means 'apart from, besides, except.' It adds or excludes items from a count: 'besides women and children' (Exod 12:37), 'apart from the regular burnt offering' (Lev 9:17; 23:38). Arabic siwa/ma-ada, Swahili mbali na, and Spanish además de all render this exclusionary-additive prepositional function. 50×
AR["سِوى","عَلَاوَةً-عَلَى","فَضْلًا","ما-عَدا","مَا-عَدَا","مِنْ-غَيْرِ"]·ben["ওলাত","খাত্তাত","ছাড়া","ছাড়াও","মিল্লেবাদ"]·DE["allein","apart-von","besides","von-allein"]·EN["apart","apart-from","besides"]·FR["apart-de","en-plus-de","seul","von-seul"]·heb["ל-בד","מ-ל-בד","מ-לבד","מלבד"]·HI["अलग","अलग-से","अलावा","इसके-अलावा","के-अतिरिक्त"]·ID["Selain-dari","selain"]·IT["apart-da","da-solo","oltre-a","solo"]·jav["Kajawi","Kejawi","kajawi","kejawi"]·KO["따로","에-더하여","에서-별도로","외에","외에-별도로"]·PT["De-além-de","Exceto","além-de","de-além-de"]·RU["кроме","помимо","сверх"]·ES["Además-de","Aparte-de","además-de","aparte","aparte-de"]·SW["Mlbd","Zaidi-ya-","mbali-na","zaidi-ya"]·TR["-den-başka","-yanı-sıra","Ayrı","ayrı","ayrı-olarak","ayrıca","başka-"]·urd["سوا","علاوہ"]
3. poles, staves — As a concrete noun in the plural (baddim), bad denotes the carrying poles or staves inserted through rings to transport the ark, altar, and table of the tabernacle (Exod 25:13-15, 27-28). Spanish varas, French barres, and Swahili mipiko all confirm the instrumental meaning. These poles physically embody the 'separate, extended piece' at the root's core. 37×
AR["العوارِضَ","العَصَوانِ","العَصَوَينِ","العِصِيَّ","العِصِيُّ","الْعَصَوَيْنِ","عوارِضَها","عوارِضَهُ","عَصاواهُ","عَصَوَيْهِ","عِصِيَّهِ"]·ben["-বহন-দণ্ডগুলো","তার-দণ্ডগুলি","তার-দন্ড","তার-বহন-দণ্ডগুলো","দণ্ডগুলি","দণ্ডগুলি-তার","বহন-দণ্ড-গুলি","বহন-দণ্ডগুলো","সেই-দণ্ডগুলি"]·DE["der-Stangen-von","die-Stangen","sein-Stangen","sein-poles"]·EN["its-poles","the-poles","the-poles-of"]·FR["le-barres","le-barres-de","son-barres","son-poles"]·heb["בדיו","ה-בדים"]·HI["उसके-डंडे","उसके-डंडों","डंडे","डंडों"]·ID["kayu-kayu pengusung","kayu-kayu-pengusung","kayu-kayu-pengusung-itu","kayu-kayu-pengusungnya"]·IT["il-stanghe-di","le-stanghe","suo-stanghe"]·jav["pikulan-pikulan","pikulan-pikulan,","pikulan-pikulan-ipun","pikulan-pikulan-punika","pikulan-pikulan-punika,","pikulan-punika","pikulanipun","pikulanipun,","teken-punika","tekenipun","tugel-tugel-ipun"]·KO["그-채들을","그-채들이","그것의-채들","그것의-채들과","그것의-채들을"]·PT["as-varas","os-varais","suas-varas","varais-dele","varais-seus","varas-dela"]·RU["шесты","шесты-его"]·ES["las-varas","sus-varas","varas-de-él"]·SW["mipiko","mipiko-yake","miti","miti-yake"]·TR["-sırıkları","-sırıklarını","sırıklar","sırıkları","sırıklarını"]·urd["-ڈنڈوں","اس-کے-ڈنڈے","اُس-کی-چوبیں","اُس-کے-ڈنڈوں","چوبیں","ڈنڈوں","ڈنڈوں-کے-اس"]
Exod 25:13, Exod 25:14, Exod 25:15, Exod 25:27, Exod 25:28, Exod 27:6, Exod 27:6, Exod 27:7, Exod 27:7, Exod 30:4, Exod 30:5, Exod 35:12 (+25 more)
5. limbs, members of body — Referring to limbs or members of a body, as in Job 18:13 where disease devours 'the limbs of his body' (baddey oro). The sense extends the 'separated part' meaning to anatomical members. Spanish partes and the dual occurrence in Job confirm this corporeal application of the partitive root. 2×
AR["أَعْضَاءَ-","أَعْضَاءَهُ"]·ben["অংশ","তার-অংশ"]·DE["allein"]·EN["his-limbs","the-limbs-of"]·FR["branche","son-branche-lui"]·heb["בדי","בדיו"]·HI["उसकी-चमड़ी-के-अंगों-को","पहलौठा"]·ID["anggota-anggota-tubuhnya","bagian-bagian"]·IT["solo","solo-suo"]·jav["pérangan-","pérangan-péranganipun"]·KO["그의-지체를","부분들을"]·PT["partes-de","seus-membros"]·RU["части","части-его"]·ES["partes-de","sus-partes"]·SW["sehemu-za","sehemu-zake"]·TR["parçalarını","uzuvlarını"]·urd["اعضاء-اُس-کے","ٹکڑے"]
6. branches, shoots — Branches or shoots of a plant, especially a vine: Ezekiel 17:6 describes spreading 'shoots' (baddim) and 19:14 mentions fire consuming branches. The botanical sense parallels the bodily 'limb' sense — both are extensions or separated parts growing from a main body. Spanish sarmientos (vine shoots) precisely captures this horticultural usage. 2×
AR["فُرُوعًا","فُرُوعِهَا"]·ben["ডাল","তার-শাখার"]·DE["allein"]·EN["shoots","shoots-her"]·FR["seul"]·heb["בדיה","בדים"]·HI["डालियाँ","डालियों-अपनी-की"]·ID["ranting-ranting","tangkai-tangkainya"]·IT["solo"]·jav["pang-pang","pang-pang-nipun"]·KO["가지들을","그것의-줄기들의"]·PT["ramos","seus-ramos"]·RU["побеги","побегов-её"]·ES["sarmientos","sus-ramas"]·SW["lake","matawi"]·TR["dallar","filizlerinin"]·urd["اُس-کی-شاخوں-کی","شاخیں"]
7. bars, bolts — Bars or bolts of a gate or fortification, as in Hosea 11:6 where the sword 'consumes his bars' (baddayw) and Job 17:16 where hope descends to the 'bars of Sheol.' Spanish cerrojos/barrotes (bolts/bars) confirm the structural meaning. These are separated, elongated pieces used for securing — another concrete manifestation of the root's partitive-separative core. 2×
AR["قُضْبَانُ-","مَزاليجَهُ"]·ben["তার-খিলগুলি","শিক"]·DE["allein"]·EN["his-bars","the-bars-of"]·FR["branche","seul"]·heb["בדי","בדיו"]·HI["उसकी-छड़ों-को","सलाखों"]·ID["ke"]·IT["solo"]·jav["grendel","palang-gapura"]·KO["그의-빗장들을","부분들의"]·PT["Barras-de","barras-dele"]·RU["засовы","засовы-его"]·ES["A-los-barrotes-de","sus-cerrojos"]·SW["makomeo-yake","malango-ya"]·TR["parçaları","sürgülerini"]·urd["اُس-کی-ارلیں","سلاخوں"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
II. בַּד, בָ֑ד n.m. separation concr. part (بِدٌّ, بِدَّةٌ portion)—sf. (always with לְ) לְבַדִּי, לְבַדּוֹ etc., 3 f. pl. †Gn 21:28 לְבַדְּהֶן, v 29 לְבַדָּ֫נָה;— 1. with לְ, only in sg., לְבַד proposes in a state of (v sub לְ) separation, alone, by itself (Fr à part). a. Ex 26:9 (= 36:16) five curtains לְבַד by themselves, and six curtains לְבַד by themselves, Ju 7:5 him shalt thou set לבד…