ὑποκάτω G5270
Under, underneath, beneath — a spatial preposition indicating position below something, often with metaphorical force
The improper preposition ὑποκάτω (hypokatō) means 'under, underneath, beneath,' combining ὑπό with κάτω for emphasis. Its most theologically charged use comes from Psalm 110:1: God will make the Messiah's enemies 'a footstool under his feet' (Matt 22:44; Mark 12:36; Heb 2:8). The Syrophoenician woman pleads that 'even the dogs under the table eat the children's crumbs' (Mark 7:28). Jesus instructs disciples to shake dust from 'under your feet' (Mark 6:11), and Luke notes that no one puts a lamp 'under a bed' (Luke 8:16). In Revelation, souls cry from 'under the altar' (Rev 6:9). Spanish 'debajo de' and French 'au-dessous de' convey the spatial sense.
Senses
1. sense 1 — A spatial preposition meaning 'under, underneath, beneath' — indicating a position lower than or subordinate to something. Used in the Messianic psalm quotation about enemies placed 'under his feet' (Matt 22:44; Mark 12:36; Heb 2:8, citing Psalm 110:1), the Syrophoenician woman's argument about dogs 'under the table' (Mark 7:28), the instruction to shake dust from 'under your feet' (Mark 6:11), hiding a lamp 'under a bed' (Luke 8:16), John unworthy to untie sandals (John 1:27 v.l.), and souls 'under the altar' in Revelation (Rev 6:9). Spanish 'debajo de,' Korean 'arae-e,' and Arabic 'tahta' all express spatial inferiority. 11×
AR["الَّذي تَحْتَ","تَحتَ","تَحْتَ"]·ben["-নীচে","নিচে","নীচে"]·DE["unter","unterhalb"]·EN["under","under-","underneath"]·FR["au-dessous-de","sous-"]·heb["הַ-","מִ-תַּחַת","מִתַּחַת","תַּחַת"]·HI["गवाही","तेरी","नीचे"]·ID["di-bawah"]·IT["sotto"]·jav["ing-sangandhaping","sangandhaping","wonten-ing-ngandhap","wonten-ngandhap"]·KO["-아래에","아래-에","아래-에서","아래에","아래에-","아래의"]·PT["debaixo"]·RU["под","под-","подножием"]·ES["debajo","debajo-de"]·SW["-","chini-ya","chini-ya-"]·TR["-altında","altına","altında","altından"]·urd["نیچے","نیچے-سے"]
Related Senses
H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)G0575 1. from (649×)G1223 1. through, by means of (582×)H3541 1. thus, so, in this manner (569×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
ὑποκάτω [ᾰ], adverb below, under, with genitive, ὑ. τῆς ἐκροῆς Refs 5th c.BC+; ὑ. παραγράψαι τι Refs 4th c.BC+ __II in Logic, τὸ ὑ. γένος the subordinate genus, opposed to τὸ ἐπάνω, Refs 4th c.BC+