This noun describes the vice of arrogance and self-exaltation. In Mark 7:22, Jesus lists it among the evil thoughts and actions that defile a person, coming from within the human heart. It's not mere self-confidence but contemptuous pride that looks down on others. Classical Greek usage included the nuance of contempt toward others, and the New Testament context confirms this moral and relational dimension. All translations render it as pride or its equivalent.