1. and, both, also (enclitic conjunction) — An enclitic coordinating particle that connects clauses, phrases, or words, typically appearing postpositively. In its primary use (211 of 215 occurrences) it functions as a simple connective 'and' or correlative 'both...and' (τε...καί, τε...τε). Occasional contextual renderings as 'also' (3x) or 'even' (1x) reflect translation choices rather than distinct lexical senses. Spanish renders it as connective markers 'y/también'; Hindi 'और/भी' both serve as coordinating connectives; Arabic 'وَ' is the standard conjunction throughout; Korean '그리고' (and) is consistent; Swahili 'na/pia/hata' range from 'and' to 'also' to 'even' but all express the same additive conjunction. The three clusters represent no semantic distinction — all are the same enclitic particle τε functioning as a lightweight connective, with minor translational variation driven by context rather than meaning. 215×
AR["وَ","وَ-"]·ben["-এবং"]·DE["und"]·EN["and-","both-"]·FR["et-"]·heb["גַּם-","וְ-","וְ-גַם"]·HI["-मन्दिर-में","और","भी"]·ID["-pun","dan"]·IT["e-"]·jav["lan","sarta","sarta."]·KO["그들-을","그리고","둔-다"]·PT["e","o","tanto"]·RU["также-"]·ES["*-y"]·SW["na-pia","na-pia-"]·TR["-da","-hem","hem","kalabalığı"]·urd["بھی"]
Senses
BDB / Lexicon Reference
τε, enclitic Particle, with two main uses (see. infr. A, B). __A as a Conjunction, __A.I τε.. τε, both.. and, joining single words, phrases, clauses, or sentences, the first τε merely pointing forward to the second, ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε Refs 8th c.BC+; the elements joined by τε.. τε are usually short in Refs 8th c.BC+, longer in later Gr., e.g. ἐπειδὴ πρόξενοί τέ εἰσιν Ἀθηναίων καὶ εὐεργέται.., ἔν…