This passive verb means to be scared, frightened, or alarmed, particularly with the connotation of being startled or shying away like a frightened horse. In classical usage it often described horses starting or shying at something unexpected. Paul employs this term to encourage the Philippians not to be frightened or intimidated by their opponents. The multilingual glosses emphasize the fear reaction: Spanish 'siendo intimidados' (being intimidated), pointing to the psychological pressure from adversaries. Paul frames fearless witness as a sign of the opponents' destruction and the believers' salvation.