ποτήριον G4221
cup — a drinking vessel; literally of tableware, figuratively of one's divinely appointed portion of suffering or blessing
Poterion, a diminutive of poter ('drinker'), denotes a drinking cup and appears 32 times in the New Testament with a striking literal-to-metaphorical range. At the literal end, Jesus promises reward to anyone who gives a cup of cold water to a disciple (Matt 10:42), and he rebukes the Pharisees for cleaning the outside of the cup while the inside brims with greed (Matt 23:25-26). At the metaphorical center stands Gethsemane: 'Let this cup pass from me' (Matt 26:39), where the cup represents the full measure of suffering the Father has appointed. The eucharistic cup at the Last Supper bridges both registers — a real vessel whose contents signify the new covenant in Jesus' blood (Luke 22:20; 1 Cor 11:25-28). Revelation inverts the image with Babylon's golden cup full of abominations (Rev 17:4) and the cup of God's wrath (Rev 14:10; 16:19).
Senses
1. [split] cup, drinking vessel — A drinking vessel or its metaphorical contents representing a divinely ordained portion. Literal uses include tableware (Matt 23:25-26; Mark 7:4) and a cup of cold water given in discipleship (Matt 10:42; Mark 9:41). The Gethsemane cup expresses Jesus' appointed suffering (Matt 26:39; Mark 14:36; John 18:11). The eucharistic cup signifies the new covenant in his blood (Luke 22:20; 1 Cor 11:25-28). Revelation deploys it for Babylon's abominations (Rev 17:4) and God's wrath (Rev 14:10; 16:19). 0×
AR["الكَأسَ", "الكَأسِ", "الْكَأْسُ", "الْكَأْسِ", "كَأسي", "كَأسَ", "كَأسُ", "كَأْسًا", "كَأْسَ", "كَأْسُ"]·ben["পানপাত্র", "পানপাত্র,", "পানপাত্রের", "পেয়ালা", "পেয়ালার"]·DE["Becher", "Kelch"]·EN["a-cup", "cup"]·FR["coupe"]·heb["הַ-כּוֹס", "הַכּוֹס", "כּוֹס", "כּוֹסִי"]·HI["कटोरा", "कटोरे", "प्यल", "प्याला"]·ID["Cawan", "cawan"]·IT["coppa"]·jav["cangkir", "cangkir,", "cawan", "tuwung", "tuwung,"]·KO["잔", "잔-을", "잔-의", "잔-이", "잔도", "잔은", "잔을", "잔의"]·PT["cálice", "cálice,"]·RU["Чаша", "чаша", "чаши", "чашу", "чашу,"]·ES["copa", "una-copa"]·SW["cha-kikombe", "changu", "kikombe", "kikombe,", "mimi", "na"]·TR["bardağın", "kabini-", "kase", "kaseyi", "kâsemi", "kâsenin", "kâseyi", "o-", "ve-"]·urd["پیالہ", "پیالے", "پیالے-کا", "پیالے-کو"]
Matt 10:42, Matt 20:22, Matt 20:23, Matt 23:25, Matt 23:26, Matt 26:27, Matt 26:39, Mark 7:4, Mark 7:8, Mark 9:41, Mark 10:38, Mark 10:39 (+20 more)
1. eucharistic cup — Split from sense 75479. Criteria: The cup of the new covenant in communion contexts with specific theological and sacramental significance (Luke 22:20; 1 Cor 10:16, 21; 11:25-28) 13×
AR["كَأسَ", "كَأسُ", "كَأسِ", "كَأْسًا", "كَأْسَ", "كَأْسُ"]·ben["পানপাত্র", "পানপাত্র,", "পানপাত্রের"]·DE["Becher", "Kelch"]·EN["a-cup", "cup"]·FR["coupe"]·heb["הַ-כּוֹס", "כּוֹס"]·HI["कटोरा", "कटोरे", "प्याला"]·ID["Cawan", "cawan"]·IT["coppa"]·jav["cangkir", "cangkir,", "tuwung", "tuwung,"]·KO["잔", "잔-을", "잔도", "잔은", "잔을"]·PT["cálice", "cálice,"]·RU["Чаша", "чаша", "чаши", "чашу", "чашу,"]·ES["copa", "una-copa"]·SW["cha-kikombe", "kikombe", "kikombe,"]·TR["kabini-", "kap-", "kase", "kaseyi", "o-", "ve-"]·urd["پیالہ", "پیالے"]
Matt 26:27, Mark 14:23, Luke 22:17, Luke 22:20, Luke 22:20, 1 Cor 10:16, 1 Cor 10:21, 1 Cor 10:21, 1 Cor 11:25, 1 Cor 11:25, 1 Cor 11:26, 1 Cor 11:27 (+1 more)
2. metaphorical cup of suffering/judgment — Split from sense 75479. Criteria: Figurative use for divinely appointed portion of suffering, judgment, or blessing (Matt 20:22-23; 26:27, 39; Mark 10:38-39; 14:23, 36; Luke 22:42; John 18:11; Rev 14:10; 16:19; 17:4; 18:6) 12×
AR["الكَأسَ", "الكَأْسِ", "الْكَأْسُ", "كَأسي", "كَأسٌ", "كَأسَ", "كَأسِ", "كَأْسَ"]·ben["পানপাত্র", "পানপাত্রে", "পেয়ালা"]·DE["Becher", "Kelch"]·EN["a-cup", "cup"]·FR["coupe"]·heb["הַ-כּוֹס", "הַכּוֹס", "כּוֹס", "כּוֹסִי"]·HI["कटोरा", "कटोरे", "प्यल", "प्याला"]·ID["Cawan", "cawan"]·IT["coppa", "potērion", "potēriō"]·jav["cangkir", "cawan", "cawanipun", "tuwung"]·KO["잔", "잔-을", "잔-이", "잔에", "잔을"]·PT["cálice"]·RU["чаша", "чаше", "чашу"]·ES["copa"]·SW["changu", "kikombe", "mimi"]·TR["kase", "kasede", "kasesinde", "kasesini", "kaseyi", "kâsemi", "kâseyi"]·urd["پیالہ", "پیالے", "پیالے-میں"]
3. literal cup, drinking vessel — Split from sense 75479. Criteria: Physical tableware and actual drinking vessels used in everyday contexts (Matt 10:42; 23:25-26; Mark 7:4, 8; 9:41; Luke 11:39; 22:17) 7×
AR["الكَأسِ", "الْكَأْسِ", "كَأسَ", "كَأْسَ", "كُؤُوسٍ"]·ben["পানপাত্রের", "পেয়ালা", "পেয়ালার"]·DE["Becher", "Kelch"]·EN["a-cup", "cup", "cups", "of-cups"]·FR["coupe"]·heb["כּוֹס", "כּוֹסוֹת"]·HI["कटोरे", "ताँबे-के-बर्तनों-का", "प्याला"]·ID["cawan", "secangkir"]·IT["coppa"]·jav["cangkir", "cangkir-cangkir", "cangkir-cangkir,", "gelas", "tuwung"]·KO["씻는-것을", "잔", "잔-을", "잔-의", "잔들", "잔의"]·PT["copo", "de-copos"]·RU["чаш", "чашей", "чаши"]·ES["copa", "de-copas"]·SW["kikombe", "na", "vikombe", "wa-vikombe"]·TR["bardak", "bardakların", "bardağın", "kâsenin"]·urd["پیالا", "پیالوں-کا", "پیالہ", "پیالے", "پیالے-کا", "پیالے-کو"]
Related Senses
H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)G0575 1. from (649×)G1223 1. through, by means of (582×)H3541 1. thus, so, in this manner (569×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
ποτήριον, τό, drinking-cup, wine-cup, Refs 7th c.BC+; οὔποτ᾽ ἐκ ταὐτοῦ μεθ᾽ ἡμῶν πίεται π.Refs 2nd c.AD+ __2 the Cup in the Eucharist, NT __3 jar, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __4 receptacle for offerings in temples, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __II absorbent preparation, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __III see at {ποτίρριον}.