ποτήριον G4221
cup — a drinking vessel; literally of tableware, figuratively of one's divinely appointed portion of suffering or blessing
Poterion, a diminutive of poter ('drinker'), denotes a drinking cup and appears 32 times in the New Testament with a striking literal-to-metaphorical range. At the literal end, Jesus promises reward to anyone who gives a cup of cold water to a disciple (Matt 10:42), and he rebukes the Pharisees for cleaning the outside of the cup while the inside brims with greed (Matt 23:25-26). At the metaphorical center stands Gethsemane: 'Let this cup pass from me' (Matt 26:39), where the cup represents the full measure of suffering the Father has appointed. The eucharistic cup at the Last Supper bridges both registers — a real vessel whose contents signify the new covenant in Jesus' blood (Luke 22:20; 1 Cor 11:25-28). Revelation inverts the image with Babylon's golden cup full of abominations (Rev 17:4) and the cup of God's wrath (Rev 14:10; 16:19).
Senses
1. [split] cup, drinking vessel — A drinking vessel or its metaphorical contents representing a divinely ordained portion. Literal uses include tableware (Matt 23:25-26; Mark 7:4) and a cup of cold water given in discipleship (Matt 10:42; Mark 9:41). The Gethsemane cup expresses Jesus' appointed suffering (Matt 26:39; Mark 14:36; John 18:11). The eucharistic cup signifies the new covenant in his blood (Luke 22:20; 1 Cor 11:25-28). Revelation deploys it for Babylon's abominations (Rev 17:4) and God's wrath (Rev 14:10; 16:19). 0×
AR["الكَأسَ","الكَأسِ","الْكَأْسُ","الْكَأْسِ","كَأسي","كَأسَ","كَأسُ","كَأْسًا","كَأْسَ","كَأْسُ"]·ben["পানপাত্র","পানপাত্র,","পানপাত্রের","পেয়ালা","পেয়ালার"]·DE["Becher","Kelch"]·EN["a-cup","cup"]·FR["coupe"]·heb["הַ-כּוֹס","הַכּוֹס","כּוֹס","כּוֹסִי"]·HI["कटोरा","कटोरे","प्यल","प्याला"]·ID["Cawan","cawan"]·IT["coppa"]·jav["cangkir","cangkir,","cawan","tuwung","tuwung,"]·KO["잔","잔-을","잔-의","잔-이","잔도","잔은","잔을","잔의"]·PT["cálice","cálice,"]·RU["Чаша","чаша","чаши","чашу","чашу,"]·ES["copa","una-copa"]·SW["cha-kikombe","changu","kikombe","kikombe,","mimi","na"]·TR["bardağın","kabini-","kase","kaseyi","kâsemi","kâsenin","kâseyi","o-","ve-"]·urd["پیالہ","پیالے","پیالے-کا","پیالے-کو"]
Matt 10:42, Matt 20:22, Matt 20:23, Matt 23:25, Matt 23:26, Matt 26:27, Matt 26:39, Mark 7:4, Mark 7:8, Mark 9:41, Mark 10:38, Mark 10:39 (+20 more)
1. eucharistic cup — Split from sense 75479. Criteria: The cup of the new covenant in communion contexts with specific theological and sacramental significance (Luke 22:20; 1 Cor 10:16, 21; 11:25-28) 13×
AR["كَأسَ","كَأسُ","كَأسِ","كَأْسًا","كَأْسَ","كَأْسُ"]·ben["পানপাত্র","পানপাত্র,","পানপাত্রের"]·DE["Becher","Kelch"]·EN["a-cup","cup"]·FR["coupe"]·heb["הַ-כּוֹס","כּוֹס"]·HI["कटोरा","कटोरे","प्याला"]·ID["Cawan","cawan"]·IT["coppa"]·jav["cangkir","cangkir,","tuwung","tuwung,"]·KO["잔","잔-을","잔도","잔은","잔을"]·PT["cálice","cálice,"]·RU["Чаша","чаша","чаши","чашу","чашу,"]·ES["copa","una-copa"]·SW["cha-kikombe","kikombe","kikombe,"]·TR["kabini-","kap-","kase","kaseyi","o-","ve-"]·urd["پیالہ","پیالے"]
Matt 26:27, Mark 14:23, Luke 22:17, Luke 22:20, Luke 22:20, 1 Cor 10:16, 1 Cor 10:21, 1 Cor 10:21, 1 Cor 11:25, 1 Cor 11:25, 1 Cor 11:26, 1 Cor 11:27 (+1 more)
2. metaphorical cup of suffering/judgment — Split from sense 75479. Criteria: Figurative use for divinely appointed portion of suffering, judgment, or blessing (Matt 20:22-23; 26:27, 39; Mark 10:38-39; 14:23, 36; Luke 22:42; John 18:11; Rev 14:10; 16:19; 17:4; 18:6) 12×
AR["الكَأسَ","الكَأْسِ","الْكَأْسُ","كَأسي","كَأسٌ","كَأسَ","كَأسِ","كَأْسَ"]·ben["পানপাত্র","পানপাত্রে","পেয়ালা"]·DE["Becher","Kelch"]·EN["a-cup","cup"]·FR["coupe"]·heb["הַ-כּוֹס","הַכּוֹס","כּוֹס","כּוֹסִי"]·HI["कटोरा","कटोरे","प्यल","प्याला"]·ID["Cawan","cawan"]·IT["coppa","potērion","potēriō"]·jav["cangkir","cawan","cawanipun","tuwung"]·KO["잔","잔-을","잔-이","잔에","잔을"]·PT["cálice"]·RU["чаша","чаше","чашу"]·ES["copa"]·SW["changu","kikombe","mimi"]·TR["kase","kasede","kasesinde","kasesini","kaseyi","kâsemi","kâseyi"]·urd["پیالہ","پیالے","پیالے-میں"]
3. literal cup, drinking vessel — Split from sense 75479. Criteria: Physical tableware and actual drinking vessels used in everyday contexts (Matt 10:42; 23:25-26; Mark 7:4, 8; 9:41; Luke 11:39; 22:17) 7×
AR["الكَأسِ","الْكَأْسِ","كَأسَ","كَأْسَ","كُؤُوسٍ"]·ben["পানপাত্রের","পেয়ালা","পেয়ালার"]·DE["Becher","Kelch"]·EN["a-cup","cup","cups","of-cups"]·FR["coupe"]·heb["כּוֹס","כּוֹסוֹת"]·HI["कटोरे","ताँबे-के-बर्तनों-का","प्याला"]·ID["cawan","secangkir"]·IT["coppa"]·jav["cangkir","cangkir-cangkir","cangkir-cangkir,","gelas","tuwung"]·KO["씻는-것을","잔","잔-을","잔-의","잔들","잔의"]·PT["copo","de-copos"]·RU["чаш","чашей","чаши"]·ES["copa","de-copas"]·SW["kikombe","na","vikombe","wa-vikombe"]·TR["bardak","bardakların","bardağın","kâsenin"]·urd["پیالا","پیالوں-کا","پیالہ","پیالے","پیالے-کا","پیالے-کو"]
Related Senses
H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)G0575 1. from (649×)G1223 1. through, by means of (582×)H3541 1. thus, so, in this manner (569×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
ποτήριον, τό, drinking-cup, wine-cup, Refs 7th c.BC+; οὔποτ᾽ ἐκ ταὐτοῦ μεθ᾽ ἡμῶν πίεται π.Refs 2nd c.AD+ __2 the Cup in the Eucharist, NT __3 jar, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __4 receptacle for offerings in temples, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __II absorbent preparation, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __III see at {ποτίρριον}.