πλήρ-ωμα G4138
Fullness, that which fills or completes — divine totality, physical contents, or fulfillment of obligation
Pleroma is one of the New Testament's richest theological terms. John declares that from Christ's fullness believers have received grace upon grace (John 1:16), and Paul affirms that in Christ 'all the fullness of the Deity dwells bodily' (Col 2:9). Yet the word also has an earthy, concrete side: the twelve baskets of leftover fragments after the feeding of the five thousand are literally the 'fullness' of what remained (Mark 6:43). Paul brings both registers together when he writes that love is the 'fulfillment' of the law (Rom 13:10). Spanish 'plenitud' and French 'plénitude' preserve this range beautifully.
Senses
1. fullness (divine/abstract) — The fullness or totality of divine presence, power, or blessing. John 1:16 speaks of receiving from Christ's fullness, while Col 1:19 and 2:9 declare the fullness of God dwelling in the Son. Paul also uses pleroma of eschatological completion — the 'fullness of the Gentiles' (Rom 11:25) and the 'fullness of time' (Gal 4:4, Eph 1:10). This is the word's most theologically charged sense. 13×
AR["المِلءُ","كَمَالُ","مِلءُ","مِلءِ","مِلؤُها","مِلْءِ","مِلْئِ"]·ben["পরিপূর্ণতা","পূর্ণতা","পূর্ণতা-র","পূর্ণতায়","পূর্ণতার"]·DE["Fuelle"]·EN["fullness","of-the"]·FR["plénitude"]·heb["מְלֹא","מְלֹאָה","מְלֹאָהּ","מְלֹאוּת","מְלֹאת","מְלוֹא"]·HI["परिपूर्णता","परिपूर्णता-में","पुरन्त","पूर्णता","पोओरन्त"]·ID["kegenapan","kepenuhan"]·IT["pienezza"]·jav["isinipun","kagenepan","kapenuhan","kasampurnaning","katugelanipun","kecukupan"]·KO["충만","충만이","충만이리요","충만함","충만함-으로","충만함을","충만함의","충만함이"]·PT["plenitude"]·RU["-полноте","полнота","полноту","полноты"]·ES["plenitud"]·SW["utimilifu","vilivyomo"]·TR["-nin-","dolulgu","dolulugu","dolulugunun","doluluk","doluluğu","doluluğunda","doluluğundan","doluğu","o-"]·urd["معموری","پوری-تعداد","پورے","پُری","پُوری","کمال"]
2. that which fills (physical contents) — That which fills a container or space — the physical contents or complement. After the feeding miracles, the disciples gathered twelve baskets 'full' of fragments (Mark 6:43; 8:20). In Matt 9:16 and Mark 2:21, unshrunk cloth as a 'patch' tears away from the garment, taking its fullness with it. Here the word retains its classical Greek concreteness. 4×
AR["المِلْءُ","مَمْلوءَةً","مِلءَها","مِلْءَ"]·ben["পূরণ","পূর্ণতা","ভরা"]·DE["Fuelle","πλήρωμα"]·EN["full","fullness"]·FR["plénitude"]·heb["מְלֵאִים","מִלּוּאַת","מִלּוּי","מִלוּאֵי"]·HI["टोकरियाँ","भराई","भराव","शै्रेद्ध-का"]·ID["pengisi","penuh"]·IT["pienezza"]·jav["isèn-isèn","kebak","kebak,","penuhé"]·KO["가득-함들-을","보충물이","차게를,","채운-것"]·PT["enchimento","plenitudes"]·RU["восполнение","полнота","полных"]·ES["añadido","llenado","llenuras"]·SW["kiraka","kujaza","vilivyojaa"]·TR["doluluğu","doluluğunu","dolusu"]·urd["بھرتی","بھری-ہوئی","پورا","پیوند"]
3. fulfillment (of law/obligation) — The fulfillment or complete satisfaction of a requirement, especially the Mosaic law. In Rom 13:10 Paul declares that love is the pleroma of the law — not its abolition but its full realization. The Spanish 'cumplimiento' distinguishes this sense clearly from abstract 'plenitud,' highlighting the active completion of an obligation. 1×
AR["كَمَالُ"]·ben["পূর্ণতা"]·DE["Fuelle"]·EN["fulfillment"]·FR["plénitude"]·heb["מְלֹאוּת"]·HI["पूर्णता"]·ID["kegenapan"]·IT["pienezza"]·jav["kecukupan"]·KO["충만이라"]·PT["cumprimento"]·RU["закона"]·ES["cumplimiento"]·SW["utimilifu"]·TR["doluluğu"]·urd["پوری-تکمیل"]
Related Senses
H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)G0575 1. from (649×)G1223 1. through, by means of (582×)H3541 1. thus, so, in this manner (569×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
πλήρ-ωμα, ατος, τό, that which fills, complement, κρατήρων πληρώματα, i.e. wine, Refs 5th c.BC+; χθονὸς π., i.e. men, Refs 4th c.BC+; τὸ π. τῆς γαστρός Refs 5th c.BC+; of excrement, Refs 4th c.AD+ __2 δαιτὸς π. satiety of the feast, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. τυρῶν their fill of cheese, Refs __3 of ships, full number, Refs 5th c.BC+; but, of single ships, complement, crew, in plural, Refs 5th c.BC+;…