πάροιν-ος G3943
given to wine, addicted to drink; drunken or quarrelsome over wine
This adjective describes someone given to wine—a drunkard or one whose behavior around wine is problematic. Classical usage associates it with drunken quarrels or shameful conduct at drinking parties. Both New Testament occurrences appear in qualifications for church leadership, prohibiting this vice. First Timothy 3:3 says an overseer must not be 'given to wine.' Titus 1:7 repeats the prohibition for elders. The term identifies not casual drinking but the vice of addiction or lack of self-control regarding alcohol—behavior incompatible with spiritual leadership.
Senses
1. sense 1 — Both uses are accusative masculine singular in lists of disqualifications for church leaders (1 Timothy 3:3, Titus 1:7). The translations consistently render it as addiction to wine: English 'addicted-to-wine,' Spanish 'dado-al-vino,' German 'dem-Wein-ergeben.' The context demands temperance and self-control in leaders; this word names the opposite—someone whose relationship with wine is characterized by excess, lack of control, or the quarrelsome behavior associated with chronic drinking. It disqualifies because it demonstrates failure of self-governance. 2×
AR["مُدْمِناً-لِلخَمْرِ"]·ben["মদ্যপ", "মদ্যপায়ী,"]·DE["dem-Wein-ergeben"]·EN["addicted-to-wine"]·FR["πάροινον"]·heb["סוֹבֵא", "סוֹבֵא-יַיִן"]·HI["शरअबि,", "शरब-प्रिय"]·ID["pemabuk,", "peminum"]·IT["paroinon"]·jav["karem-anggur,", "mabuk,"]·KO["술-곱하는,", "술에-빠지는-자"]·PT["dado-a-vinho,", "dado-ao-vinho"]·RU["пьяницей"]·ES["dado-al-vino"]·SW["mlevi"]·TR["içkici", "şarap-düşkünü,"]·urd["شرابی"]
Related Senses
H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)G0575 1. from (649×)G1223 1. through, by means of (582×)H3541 1. thus, so, in this manner (569×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
πάροιν-ος, ον, ={παροινικός}, Pratin.Refs 5th c.BC+; μάχαι π. Refs;τὸ σὸν π. Refs 4th c.BC+. adverb -νως Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II ={παροίνιος}Refs 2nd c.AD+