κῆπος G2779
A garden; an enclosed cultivated space, often an orchard or plantation, evoking both agricultural use and sacred setting.
Refers to an enclosed, cultivated piece of land—a garden or orchard. In the Gospels it appears almost exclusively in Johannine contexts: the garden across the Kidron where Jesus was arrested (John 18:1, 26) and the garden containing the new tomb where he was buried and rose (John 19:41). Luke 13:19 uses it in the mustard seed parable, where a man plants a seed in 'his garden.' The word carries rich symbolic resonance in Greek and Jewish tradition—from the gardens of Adonis to the Garden of Eden—making its New Testament appearances at arrest and resurrection quietly profound. All major translations agree: Spanish 'huerto,' French 'jardin,' German 'Garten.'
Senses
1. sense 1 — A garden, orchard, or enclosed cultivated area. In the NT, the word carries both practical and symbolic weight. John 18:1 and 18:26 place Jesus' arrest in a garden across the Kidron Valley, while John 19:41 (used twice in the verse) locates the crucifixion site near a garden containing a new tomb—evoking Eden's loss and restoration. Luke 13:19 uses the word in the parable of the mustard seed planted in a man's garden. The cross-linguistic unanimity (Spanish 'huerto,' French 'jardin,' German 'Garten') confirms a single, stable sense. The Johannine concentration around passion and resurrection events gives the garden setting a theological depth beyond its horticultural meaning. 5×
AR["بُسْتَانٌ", "بُسْتَانِ", "بُسْتَانِهِ"]·ben["বাগান,", "বাগানে"]·DE["Garten", "κῆπον"]·EN["a-garden", "garden"]·FR["jardin"]·heb["גִּנָּה", "גַּן"]·HI["बगीचा", "बगीचे"]·ID["kebun", "taman"]·IT["kepo", "kepon", "kepos"]·jav["patamanan", "taman", "taman,"]·KO["동산", "동산-이", "동산에"]·PT["jardim"]·RU["сад", "сад,", "саду"]·ES["huerto"]·SW["bustani"]·TR["bahçe", "bahçede", "bahçesine"]·urd["باغ"]
Related Senses
H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)G0575 1. from (649×)G1223 1. through, by means of (582×)H3541 1. thus, so, in this manner (569×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
κῆπος, Doric dialectκᾶπος (also Refs, ὁ, garden, orchard, or plantation, Refs 8th c.BC+; of any rich, highly cultivated region, as Ἀφροδίτας κᾶπος, i.e. Cyrene, Refs 5th c.BC+, also of heaven, Refs 5th c.BC+; Φοίβου παλαιὸς κ., of the eastern sky,Refs 5th c.BC+; οἱ Μίδεω κῆποι, in Macedonia, Refs 5th c.BC+; of the country round Panormus, Refs; the enclosure for the Olympic games, Refs 5th c.BC+;…