An adverb meaning 'alone' or 'apart,' though grammatically it's better analyzed as the phrase κατὰ μόνας ('in accordance with being alone'). It describes situations where someone acts or speaks privately, away from others. Jesus often withdrew κατὰ μόνας to pray. The disciples questioned him when they were alone. The phrase captures intentional solitude—not accidental isolation but chosen privacy for prayer, instruction, or rest. Classical and biblical Greek use it to set scenes apart from public activity, creating space for intimate disclosure or personal encounter with God.