Hieron refers to the entire temple complex in Jerusalem — its courts, colonnades, and sacred precincts — as distinct from naos, which denotes the inner sanctuary alone. When Jesus drives out the money changers, he enters the hieron (Matt 21:12; Mark 11:15), the vast public area where commerce and teaching took place. It is in the hieron that Jesus teaches daily (Luke 19:47; 21:37), that the early church gathers after Pentecost (Acts 2:46; 5:20-21), and that Paul is seized by the mob (Acts 21:27-30). The devil sets Jesus on the pinnacle of the hieron during the temptation (Matt 4:5; Luke 4:9). Josephus describes the same precinct using the identical word. Spanish templo, French temple, and German Tempel all render it without distinguishing it from naos, though the Greek distinction is lexicographically important.