ἐπιβάλλω: G1911
To throw or cast upon; to lay hands on (seize); to place upon; of waves, to beat against; reflexively, to reflect upon; of a share, to fall to someone.
A versatile compound verb (epi + ballō, 'throw upon') whose range stretches from violent arrest to quiet reflection. Its most frequent New Testament usage involves laying hands on someone to seize them, as when the temple guards attempt to arrest Jesus in John 7:30. But the same verb describes placing garments on a colt (Mark 11:7), waves crashing over a boat in a Galilean storm (Mark 4:37), and — most memorably — Peter's anguished weeping when the cock crows (Mark 14:72). Spanish captures the emotional nuance with 'habiendo pensado en ello' (having reflected on it), while the physical senses cluster around 'echar' (to throw, cast).
5. fall to one's share — An impersonal or middle usage meaning 'to fall to one's share,' referring to the portion of an inheritance or property that belongs to someone. In Luke 15:12 the younger son asks for the share of the estate 'falling' (epiballon) to him. Spanish 'que me corresponde' (that corresponds to me) and German 'zufallen' capture this distributive, almost legal sense of what is owed or allotted. 1×
AR["الَّائِقَ"]·ben["পড়া"]·DE["legt-Hand-an"]·EN["falling"]·FR["mettre-sur"]·heb["הַנֹּפֵל"]·HI["मिलने-वाला"]·ID["yang-menjadi-bagian"]·IT["mettere"]·jav["dados-bagian"]·KO["돌아오는"]·PT["que-me-cabe"]·RU["причитающуюся"]·ES["que-me-corresponde"]·SW["inayoniangukia"]·TR["düşen"]·urd["ملنے-والا"]
▼ 4 more senses below
Senses
1. lay hands on, seize — To lay hands upon someone with hostile intent, typically to arrest or seize them by force. This is the dominant New Testament usage, appearing ten times in contexts of persecution and attempted arrest. In Matthew 26:50 the crowd lays hands on Jesus in Gethsemane, and in Luke 21:12 Jesus warns his disciples that people will lay hands on them. Spanish consistently uses 'echar mano' (to cast hands) and 'echaron' (they cast/seized), preserving the compound verb's literal force of throwing one's hands upon another. 10×
AR["أَلْقَوْا","أَلْقَى","يُلقوا","يُلقونَ"]·ben["চেপে-ধরল","তাঁর","তারা-দিল","দিল","প্রসারিত-করলেন","রাখবে","রাখল-না","রাখলেন"]·DE["legen-auf","legt-Hand-an"]·EN["laid","put","they-laid","they-will-lay","to-lay"]·FR["mettre-sur"]·heb["יִשְׁלְחוּ","לִשְׁלֹחַ","שָׁלְח-וּ","שָׁלְחוּ","שָׁלַח"]·HI["डालना","डाला","डाले","डालेंगे"]·ID["meletakkan","menangkap","menaruh","menyerang","mereka-akan-meletakkan","mereka-meletakkan"]·IT["mettere","mettere-sopra"]·jav["nebahaken","numpangaken","nyepeng","supados-nyekel","tiyang-tiyang-badhé-nangkep"]·KO["내밀었다","놓았다","놓을-것이다","놓지-않았다","붙잡으려고"]·PT["lançar","lançaram","lançarão","lançou"]·RU["возложат","возложили","наложил","наложили","наложить"]·ES["echar","echaron","echarán","echó","pusieron"]·SW["alitia","aliuweka","kumkamata","wakaweka","walimwekea","waliwakamata","waliweka","wataweka"]·TR["atacaklar","atmayı","attılar","koydu","koymadı","uzattı"]·urd["ڈالا","ڈالنا","ڈالیں-گے","ڈالے","ہاتھ-ڈالے"]
2. put or place upon — To put, place, or cast something upon a surface or person in a non-hostile, practical sense. Jesus speaks of no one putting a new patch on an old garment (Matt 9:16, Luke 5:36), the disciples throw their cloaks on the colt (Mark 11:7), and in Luke 9:62 no one who puts his hand to the plow and looks back is fit for the kingdom. Spanish 'pone' (places) and 'echan sobre' (cast upon) reflect the gentler physical action. 5×
AR["أَضَعَ","واضِعاً","يَضَعُ","يَطْرَحُونَ"]·ben["আমি-ফেলি,","তারা-রাখে","রেখে","লাগায়"]·DE["legen-auf","legt-Hand-an"]·EN["I-might-throw","having-put","puts","they-throw-on"]·FR["mettre-sur"]·heb["אַשְׁלִיךְ","הִשְׁלִיכוּ","הַשֹּׁלֵחַ","מֵנִיחַ","שָׂם"]·HI["डालते-हैं","डालूं","रखकर","लगाता-है"]·ID["aku-lemparkan,","meletakkan","menambalkan","mereka-meletakkan","yang-meletakkan"]·IT["mettere","mettere-sopra"]·jav["kawula-bucal,","masangaken","nempelaken","nyekel","sami-masangaken"]·KO["던지리라","덮다","붙이지-않는다","손을-댄"]·PT["lance,","põe","tendo-posto"]·RU["набрасывают","набросить,","положивший","пришивает"]·ES["arroje","echan-sobre","pone","poniendo"]·SW["akiweka","anakiweka","anaweka","juu-yenu,","wanatupa"]·TR["atayım","atıyorlar","koymaz","koyup","takmaz"]·urd["رکھ-کر","لگاتا","ڈالتے-ہیں","ڈالوں","کپڑے"]
3. beat upon, break over — Of natural forces — particularly waves — crashing against or breaking over something. In Mark 4:37 a great windstorm arises and the waves 'were beating into' (epeballen) the boat so that it was filling up. Spanish 'golpeaban' (they were striking) captures the violent, repetitive force of the sea, a sense unique to this single occurrence. 1×
AR["ارْتَفَعَتْ"]·ben["আছড়ে-পড়ছিল"]·DE["legen-auf"]·EN["were-throwing"]·FR["mettre-sur"]·heb["הִכָּה"]·HI["गिरती-थीं"]·ID["menerpa"]·IT["mettere"]·jav["nggebuki"]·KO["덮쳤다"]·PT["lançavam-se-sobre"]·RU["вбрасывали"]·ES["golpeaban"]·SW["yaliangusha"]·TR["vuruyordu"]·urd["آتی-تھیں"]
4. reflect upon, break down — A striking intransitive or reflexive usage meaning to set one's mind upon something and break down emotionally. In Mark 14:72, after the rooster crows a second time, Peter 'epibalōn' — variously translated as 'when he thought thereon' or 'having broken down' — wept bitterly. Spanish 'habiendo pensado en ello' emphasizes the cognitive moment of reflection, while many interpreters see the physical gesture of covering one's head or collapsing. This hapax-like sense remains debated among commentators. 1×
AR["مُنْهَارًا"]·ben["ভেবে"]·DE["legen-auf"]·EN["breaking-down"]·FR["mettre-sur"]·heb["פָּרַץ"]·HI["फूट-पड़कर"]·ID["menutup-wajah"]·IT["mettere"]·jav["sasampunipun-mangertos"]·KO["생각하며"]·PT["irrompendo-em"]·RU["надумавшись"]·ES["habiendo-pensado-en-ello"]·SW["akijitupa"]·TR["düşününce"]·urd["سوچ-کر"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
ἐπιβάλλω: __I. transitive, throw or cast upon, θριξὶ.., ἃς ἐπέβαλλον (i.e. πυρί) Refs 8th c.BC+ (Lyric poetry); ἐ. Refs 5th c.BC+ throwing on more and more, Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.2. lay on, [ἡμιόνοις] ἐπέβαλλεν Refs 8th c.BC+; Ζεὺς ἐπὶ χεῖρα Refs 5th c.BC+ (but τῷ καρπῷ τοῦ νοσοῦντος τὴν χεῖρα, of feeling the pulse, NT+2nd c.BC+; impose as a tax tribute, LXX+5th c.BC+ (passive); inflict, θνατοῖς ἐ.…