1. indeed / surely / certainly — An emphatic discourse particle used to affirm, intensify, or add urgency to a statement, with a temporal-inferential force ('now then,' 'so then,' 'indeed'). All three clusters represent the same particle with only contextual shading rather than distinct lexical senses. Spanish uses 'ciertamente/pues' (certainly/then); Hindi uses 'सचमुच/तो/निश्चय' (sachmuch/to/nishchay, truly/then/certainly); Arabic uses 'إذن/حقًّا/بالتأكيد' (idhan/haqqan/bit-ta'kid, then/truly/certainly); Korean uses '자/참으로/정말/물론' (ja/chamuro/jeongmal/mullon, come now/truly/really/of course); Swahili uses 'kwa hakika/sasa/basi/hakika' (certainly/now/so/surely). These are natural pragmatic variations of a single emphatic particle. 6×
AR["إِذاً","إِذًا","إِذَن","بِالتَّأْكيدِ","حَقًّا"]·ben["-নিশ্চয়ই","অবশ্যই","তবে","বাস্তবিক","সত্যিই"]·DE["dann","δή","δὴ"]·EN["indeed","indeed-","surely-"]·FR["certes"]·heb["אֵפוֹא","אָכֵן","הֲלֹא-","נָא"]·HI["अब","तो","निश्चय-","सचमुच"]·ID["lah","maka","sekarang","tentu","tentu-saja"]·IT["anche","certamente-","dē‿"]·jav["mangga","mila","samenika","sayekti","sayektos","ta"]·KO["그러므로","물론-","자","정말","참으로"]·PT["certamente","de-fato","então","pois"]·RU["до","же","конечно-","уже"]·ES["*","*-ciertamente","ciertamente","pues"]·SW["basi","hakika-","kwa-hakika","sasa","tafadhali-"]·TR["-hemen","-şimdi","artık","elbette-","gerçekten","şimdi"]·urd["اب","تو","واقعی","پس","یقیناً"]
Senses
BDB / Lexicon Reference
δή, properly a temporal Particle (compare ἤδη), at this or that point: hence, now, then, already, or at length: __I in Epic dialect (rarely Lyric poetry) sometimes at the beginning of a sentence or clause, Τεῦκρε πέπον, δὴ νῶϊν ἀπέκτατο πιστὸς ἑταῖρος Refs 8th c.BC+, frequently with Numerals and temporal Particles, ὀκτὼ δὴ προέηκα.. ὀϊστούς Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐννέα δὴ βεβάασι.. ἐνιαυτοί full nine…