ἀνθῠπᾰτ-ος G0446
Proconsul; a Roman governor of a senatorial province, the highest civil authority in regions like Cyprus and Achaia.
A direct borrowing from the Latin pro consule, anthypatos designates the governor of a Roman senatorial province—as distinct from an imperial legate. Luke uses this title with notable precision in Acts. Sergius Paulus is the proconsul of Cyprus whom Paul and Barnabas encounter (Acts 13:7–8, 12), and Gallio serves as proconsul of Achaia before whom Paul is brought in Corinth (Acts 18:12). The plural in Acts 19:38 is striking: the town clerk at Ephesus tells the mob that if they have a complaint, 'the proconsuls are available'—likely a generic plural for the office rather than multiple officeholders. The multilingual glosses are remarkably uniform: Spanish, French, and English all simply transliterate 'proconsul.'
Senses
1. sense 1 — A proconsul, the Roman governor of a senatorial province, exercising supreme civil and judicial authority within his jurisdiction. Luke demonstrates careful historical accuracy in his use of this title: Sergius Paulus governs Cyprus (Acts 13:7–8, 12) and Gallio governs Achaia (Acts 18:12)—both correctly identified as senatorial provinces. The plural 'anthypatoi' in Acts 19:38 is likely a generic reference to the office ('there are proconsuls,' i.e., proper courts exist) rather than to multiple simultaneous governors. Spanish 'procónsul,' French 'proconsul,' and English 'proconsul' all preserve the Latin administrative title unchanged. 5×
AR["الْوُلَاةُ", "والِي", "والِيَ", "وَالِيًا"]·ben["প্রদেশপাল", "প্রদেশপালকে", "প্রদেশপালের", "প্রশাসক"]·DE["ἀνθυπάτου", "ἀνθυπάτῳ", "ἀνθύπατοί", "ἀνθύπατον", "ἀνθύπατος"]·EN["proconsul", "proconsuls"]·FR["proconsul"]·heb["הַנְּצִיב", "הַנְצִיב", "נְצִיבִים"]·HI["राज्यपाल", "हाकिम"]·ID["gubernur", "prokonsul", "prokonsul-prokonsul"]·IT["proconsole"]·jav["gubèrnur", "gupernur"]·KO["총독과", "총독들이", "총독으로", "총독을", "총독이"]·PT["procônsul", "procônsules"]·RU["проконсул", "проконсула", "проконсулом", "проконсулы"]·ES["procónsul", "procónsules"]·SW["liwali", "maliwali"]·TR["vali", "valiler", "valiyi", "valiyle"]·urd["حاکم", "صوبہ-دار"]
Related Senses
H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)G0575 1. from (649×)G1223 1. through, by means of (582×)H3541 1. thus, so, in this manner (569×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
ἀνθῠπᾰτ-ος, ὁ, proconsul, Latin pro consule, NT+2nd c.BC+; στρατηγὸς ἀ.Refs __II as adjective, proconsular, ἐξουσίαRefs 1st c.BC+