ἄν G0302
indefinite generalizer; counterfactual conditional; potential or dubitative; temporal contingency; subjunctive clause marker
1. indefinite generalizer — Particle combined with relative pronouns or adverbs to form indefinite expressions: whoever (ὃς ἄν), whatever (ὃ ἄν), wherever (ὅπου ἄν), rendering the clause universally applicable rather than specific. 89×
AR["-"]·ben["কখনো","কেউ","তবে","নিশ্চয়ই","যখন","যদি"]·DE["-"]·EN["-"]·FR["certes-"]·heb["-","אֲשֶׁר","אִם","אָשִׂים"]·HI["कभि","कि","कुछ","भी"]·ID["-","pun","saja"]·IT["-"]·jav["badhé","dumugi","ingkang","manawi","mawon"]·KO["-하면","-할-때","~때까지","~만약","~을"]·PT["-","certamente","que","quer-que"]·RU["-","бы","бы-ни","если","не"]·ES["*","*-que"]·SW["Amebarikiwa","ambaye","anataka","ataapa","atamwacha","haya","kuvunjwa","kwa","kwa-kweli","litamwangukia","mtaomba","na","niwaweke","wabia","wakati","yote"]·TR["-"]·urd["اگر","بھی","کبھی","کوئی","کہ"]
Matt 15:5, Matt 16:25, Matt 16:28, Matt 18:6, Matt 19:9, Matt 20:27, Matt 21:22, Matt 21:44, Matt 22:44, Matt 23:16, Matt 23:16, Matt 23:18 (+38 more)
▼ 4 more senses below
Senses
2. counterfactual conditional — Particle marking the apodosis of contrary-to-fact (unreal) conditions, typically with past indicative tenses, indicating what would have happened or would be the case if the condition were met. 32×
AR["-","<->","أَن","كَانَ","كُنتُم","كُنْتُ","كُنْتُمْ","مَهْمَا","هُوَ"]·ben["নিশ্চয়","নিশ্চয়ই","যদি","হয়তো"]·DE["-","wohl-"]·EN["-","ever","would"]·FR["certes-"]·heb["-","אֲשֶׁר","אֶת-","אָשֶׁר","אוּלַי","הָיָה","כְּבָר"]·HI["-","जिसे-किसी-को","तो","भी","शायद"]·ID["-","saja"]·IT["-"]·jav["badhé","ingkang","kémawon","mesthi","sinten-kémawon-ingkang","〈badhé"]·KO["[혹]","누구든지","말했을-것이다","무엇이든","무엇이든지","않았을-것이다","알았을-것이다","혹","혹시"]·PT["a-qualquer","até","já","porventura","que","seria","teríeis"]·RU["бы","если","ни"]·ES["*"]·SW["angeweza","asiye-","atakapo-","hangeweza","mngemjua","msingeli-","mta-kapo-","mtakachoomba","unao-","ungeli-","utakachomwomba","wangeli-","yeyote","‹atakapo-›"]·TR["-","-e-kadar","-olurdu","-olursa","eğer","mahkum-etmezdiniz"]·urd["-","بھی","تو","نہ","کبھی","کوئی","کچھ","کہ","ہو-گا"]
Matt 10:11, Matt 10:11, Matt 10:14, Matt 10:23, Matt 10:33, Matt 10:42, Matt 11:21, Matt 11:23, Matt 12:7, Matt 12:20, Matt 12:32, Matt 12:50 (+20 more)
3. potential or dubitative — Particle expressing possibility, probability, or hesitant assertion, often with the optative or subjunctive mood, conveying 'might', 'could', or 'perhaps'. 23×
AR["-","-إِنَّ","-إِنْ","أَن","أَنَا","إِنْ","رُبَّما","قَد","مِنَ-ٱلْمُمْكِنِ","يُمْكِنُ"]·ben["-মতো","অবশ্যই","নিশ্চয়","যদি","যেন","রাখি","সম্ভব","হতে-পারে","হয়তো"]·DE["-","wohl-"]·EN["-","could","might"]·FR["certes-"]·heb["-","אִם","אֶת","הֲ-","הָיִיתִי","הָיָה","יְבַקְּשׁוּ","לוּ","שֶׁ-"]·HI["-","कदाचित","कभी","कहीं","कोई","हो"]·ID["-","dapat","kah","kiranya","mungkin","tentunya","yang"]·IT["-","forse-"]·jav["-","badhe","bokmanawi","bokmenawi","dèné","kados-pundi","kénging","mbokmenawi","mesthi","saged","ta"]·KO["-에","-이냐고","도대체","마땅히","아마","할-수-있겠느냐","혹시"]·PT["então","o","porventura","possam","que"]·RU["-","бы","бы-","да"]·ES["*","-","ciertamente"]·SW["angependa","ingekuwa","kwa","kwamba","kwanza","labda-","ni","wangeweza","yafunuliwe","yangekuwa","yo-yote","yote"]·TR["-","-belki","-şey","acaba","belki","ki-","muhakkak"]·urd["-","بھی","تو","شاید","کریں","کہ","کہیں","کیا","کیسی","ہو","یقیناً","یہ"]
Luke 1:62, Luke 2:26, Luke 2:35, Luke 6:11, Luke 7:39, Luke 15:26, Luke 17:6, Luke 17:6, Luke 17:33, Luke 18:17, Luke 19:23, Luke 20:18 (+11 more)
4. temporal contingency — Particle combined with temporal conjunctions (ὅταν, ἐπάν, ἡνίκα) to mark an event as contingent or indefinite in time: 'whenever', 'as soon as', 'at whatever time'. 11×
AR["أَنَا","أَنْ","عِنْدَما","مَتَى"]·ben["যখন","যখনই","যদি","সম্ভবত","হয়তো"]·DE["-","wohl-"]·EN["-"]·FR["certes"]·heb["אֲשֶׁר","אֶרְאֶה","אָז"]·HI["-","-तो","आएं","और","कभि"]·ID["kalau","mungkin","pasti","setelah"]·IT["forse-","se"]·jav["kénging","mbokmenawi","menawi"]·KO["-면","-하는-대로","결코","그-가","누구든지","로","말씀하시든","아니","어떤-이-가","이것-이"]·PT["-","porventura","que"]·RU["-","бы-","не","разве","только"]·ES["*-que","que","tan-pronto-como"]·SW["atakapo","atakapokuja","ingeweza","kadri","mkipatana","mtu-yeyote","pindi","popote","wakati"]·TR["-de","-eger-","anlaşmayla","gelebilsin","göstereceğim","hangi","muhtemelen-","olabilir","söylerse","uzaktakilere"]·urd["بھی","تو","جب","شاید","نہ","کہ"]
5. subjunctive clause marker — Particle functioning as a nearly untranslatable grammatical marker in subjunctive clauses, purpose clauses, or result clauses, signaling modal or hypothetical force without distinct lexical meaning in translation. 11×
AR["-","أَنْ","إِن","قَدْ","كَانَ","لَ-","مَن","يَجْرُؤُ"]·ben["-","কদাচিৎ","কি","বুঝি"]·DE["wohl-"]·EN["-"]·FR["certes"]·heb["אֲשֶׁר","אִלּוּ","הָיָה","הָיוּ","כִּי","מִישֶׁהוּ"]·HI["-","कभी","कि","कुछ-भी","क्या"]·ID["-","ketika","mungkin","pasti","pun"]·IT["forse-","se"]·jav["badhé","menawi","temtu"]·KO["-라도","언제나","하여-"]·PT["-","porventura","que","se","seria"]·RU["-","бы","бы-"]·ES["*","*-","-"]·SW["-","iwe","ningeweza"]·TR["-","de-","ki-"]·urd["-","بھی","تو","کچھ","کہ","کیا"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
ἄν, [ᾰ], Epic dialect, Lyric poetry, Ionic dialect, Refs 4th c.AD+, Attic dialect; also κεν) Epic dialect, Aeolic dialect, Thess., κᾱ Doric dialect, Boeotian dialect, El.; the two combined in Epic dialect (below Refs 4th c.BC+, εἰκ ἄνRefs 4th c.BC+:—modal Particle used with Verbs to indicate that the action is limited by circumstances or defined by conditions. In Refs 8th c.BC+ κε is four times…