ἀδῐκέω G0091
To do wrong, harm, or injure; to act unjustly or suffer wrongdoing
Adikeō spans the moral and physical dimensions of wrongdoing. At its core it means to act unjustly -- to commit wrong against another person, as when Paul asks 'Have I wronged you?' (Acts 25:10). But in Revelation's apocalyptic visions, it shifts toward physical harm and destruction: the locusts are told not to 'harm' the grass (Rev 9:4), and the sealed servants must not be 'injured' (Rev 7:2-3). The passive voice captures the victim's perspective -- being wronged or cheated (1 Cor 6:7). Spanish distinguishes these registers clearly: agraviar for moral wrong, dañar for physical harm, and sufrir injusticia for the passive experience.
Senses
1. to do wrong, act unjustly — To do wrong or act unjustly, emphasizing moral or legal transgression rather than physical injury. Appears 14 times in contexts of interpersonal and judicial wrongdoing: the vineyard owner insists 'I am not wronging you' (Matt 20:13), and Moses confronts one Hebrew wronging another (Acts 7:26-27). The Spanish agraviar and French faire tort capture this juridical dimension. 14×
AR["أَظلِمُكَ", "أَظْلِمُ", "الظّالِمُ", "الظّالِمِ", "تَظْلِمونَ", "تَظْلِمُونَ", "ظَالِمُ", "ظَلَمَ", "ظَلَمَكَ", "ظَلَمْنا", "لَم-تَظلِموني", "لَمْ-أَظْلِمْ", "لِيَظْلِمْ"]·ben["অধর্ম-করুক", "অধার্মিক", "অন্যায়-কর", "অন্যায়-করছি", "অন্যায়-করিতেছি", "অন্যায়-করিয়াছি", "অন্যায়-করেছিলে।", "অন্যায়কারী", "আমরা-অন্যায়-করিনি,", "ক্ষতি-করেছে", "যে-অন্যায়-করেছিলের,", "সে-অন্যায়-করেছে"]·DE["Unrecht-tun", "tut-Unrecht"]·EN["I-am-doing-wrong", "I-have-wronged", "I-wrong", "doing-wrong", "having-done-wrong", "he-did-wrong", "he-wronged", "let-him-do-wrong", "one-doing-wrong", "we-wronged", "wrong", "wronging", "you-wrong", "you-wronged"]·FR["faire-tort"]·heb["הַעֹשֵׂק-עָוֶל", "יָרֵעַ", "לֹא-עֲשִׂיתֶנִי-עָוֶל", "לֹא־עָשִׂיתִי", "מֵרַע", "עָוַלְנוּ", "עָשַׂק", "עוֹוֵל", "עוֹלֵל", "עוֹשְׁקִים", "עוֹשֵׁק", "עוֹשֶׂה־לְךָ־אֲנִי", "שֶׁעָשַׂק"]·HI["अधर्म-करे", "अन्यय-करत", "अन्यय-करने-वअल", "अन्याय-करते-हो", "अन्याय-करने-वाला", "अन्याय-किया-हमने", "अन्यायकरताहूँ", "अभी", "उस्ने-अन्यय-किय", "जिसने-अन्याय-किया", "तुमने-नैनसअफ़ि-कि.", "मैंनेअन्यायकिया"]·ID["berbuat-salah,", "berbuat-tidak-adil", "biarlah-berbuat-jahat", "dia perbuat jahat", "dia-merugikan", "kami-aniaya", "kamu-berbuat-salah", "menyakiti", "menyakiti,", "yang berbuat jahat", "yang-berbuat-jahat"]·IT["fare-ingiustizia"]·jav["awon", "ingkang-tumindak-lepat", "kawula-tumindak-luput", "kula-lepat,", "kula-sisiya,", "luput", "nganiaya", "nganiaya-panjenengan-sedaya", "nyalahi", "panjenengan-sami-sampun-cilakakaken.", "sampun-dipun-tindakaken-lepat", "sumangga-taksih-tumindak-awon", "tumindak-luput"]·KO["불의를-행하는", "불의를-행하면", "불의를-행한", "불의를-행한다", "불의하게-하라", "불의하지-않는다", "불의한-자는", "잘못하느냐", "잘못하는-자-가", "잘못했다면", "해치지-않았다", "해하지-않았느니라.", "해하지-않았다", "해한-자"]·PT["faz-injustiça", "fazeis-injustiça", "faço-injustiça", "faço-mal,", "fez-injustiça", "injustiçais", "pratique-injustiça", "prejudicamos", "prejudicastes", "prejudiquei,", "que-injustiçava", "que-ofendeu", "que-pratica-injustiça", "te-prejudicou"]·RU["делающий-неправду", "не-обидел", "не-обидели", "неправедный", "обидевшего", "обидел", "обижаете", "обижаю", "обижающий", "преступаю", "пусть-делает-неправду", "сделал-неправедно"]·ES["agraviáis", "agravé", "haciendo-injusticia", "haciendo-injusticia,", "haga-injusticia", "hizo-injustamente", "injuriasteis", "obro-injustamente", "os-hacéis-injusticia", "perjudicamos", "que-hace-injusticia", "que-hizo-injusticia", "te-hago-injusticia", "te-perjudicó"]·SW["Je-hukupatana", "alilolifanya-vibaya", "aliyedhuru,", "aliyemdhuru", "atendaye-vibaya", "kumkosea", "mkunidhulumu", "mnadhulumu", "mnadhuriana", "mwenye-dhuluma", "na-adhulumu", "nimekosa", "nimewakosea", "tulidhuru,"]·TR["birbirinize", "haksizlik-eden", "haksizlik-etti", "haksızlık ediyorsunuz", "haksızlık etmedik", "haksızlık-eden", "haksızlık-ediyorsam", "haksızlık-ediyorum", "haksızlık-ettim", "haksızlık-ettiniz", "haksızlık-ettiyse", "haksızlık-yapsın", "o-"]·urd["اُس-نے-نقصان-کیا-ہو", "بے-انصافی-کرتا-ہوں", "ظالم", "ظلم-کرتا-رہے", "ظلم-کرتے-ہو", "ظلم-کرنے-والا", "ظلم-کرنے-والے", "ظلم-کیا", "میں-نے-ظلم-کیا-ہے", "میں-نے-نقصان-کیا"]
Matt 20:13, Acts 7:26, Acts 7:27, Acts 25:10, Acts 25:11, 1 Cor 6:8, 2 Cor 7:2, 2 Cor 7:12, Gal 4:12, Col 3:25, Col 3:25, Phlm 1:18 (+2 more)
2. to harm or injure — To harm, injure, or damage physically, often in apocalyptic contexts of affliction or destruction. Revelation uses this sense repeatedly: the scorpion-locusts harm those without God's seal (Rev 9:4), and the two witnesses have power to destroy those who would harm them (Rev 11:5). Spanish dañar makes the physical dimension explicit where English 'harm' can blur with moral wrong. 10×
AR["أن-يَضُرُّوا", "أَن-يُؤذيَهُم", "أَنْ-تَضُرَّ", "تَضُرَّ", "تَضُرُّ", "تَضُرُّوا", "يَتَأَذَّى", "يَضُرَّكُمْ"]·ben["ক্ষতি-করতে", "ক্ষতি-করবে", "ক্ষতি-করিস", "ক্ষতি-করিস।", "ক্ষতিগ্রস্ত-হবে", "তারা-ক্ষতি-করবে", "তারা-ক্ষতি-করে।"]·DE["Unrecht-tun", "tut-Unrecht"]·EN["harm", "they-harm", "they-should-harm", "to-harm", "will-be-harmed", "will-harm", "you-harm"]·FR["faire-tort"]·heb["יִפָּגַע", "יַזִּיק", "יַזִּיקוּ", "לְ-הַזִּיק", "לְהַזִּיק", "מַזִּיקִים", "תַּזִּיק", "תַּזִּיקוּ"]·HI["वे-हानि-करें", "हानि-उठाएगा", "हानि-करती-हैं।", "हानि-करना", "हानि-करने-की", "हानि-पहुँचाएगा", "हानि-पहुँचाओ", "हानि-पहुँचाना", "हानि-पहुँचा।"]·ID["disakiti", "kau-rusakkan.", "menyakiti", "menyakiti,", "mereka-menyakiti", "mereka-menyakiti.", "merusakkan", "rusakkan", "untuk-menyakiti"]·IT["fare-ingiustizia"]·jav["badhé-dipunpiara", "cilaka", "ngrisak", "nyilakani", "panjenengan-risak", "panjenengan-sedaya-ngrisak", "piyambakipun-sedaya-ngrisak"]·KO["해를-입지-않겠다", "해치도록", "해치지-말라", "해치지-못하리라", "해하게", "해하느니라", "해하는", "해하려고"]·PT["danificam", "danificar", "danificassem", "danifiqueis", "danifiques", "de-danificar", "prejudicar", "será-ferido"]·RU["будет-обижен", "вредили-они", "вредите", "вредить", "вредят.", "навредить,", "повреди.", "повредит"]·ES["dañan", "dañar", "dañará", "dañen", "dañes", "dañéis", "será-dañado"]·SW["hatadhiriwa", "hudhuru.", "kitawadhuru", "kudhuru", "kuwadhuru", "kuwadhuru,", "msidhuru", "usidhuru.", "wasidhuru"]·TR["-dan", "zarar-verecek", "zarar-verin", "zarar-veriyorlar", "zarar-vermek", "zarar-versinler", "şarabı"]·urd["نقصان-اُٹھائے-گا", "نقصان-پہنچا", "نقصان-پہنچائیں", "نقصان-پہنچائے-گا", "نقصان-پہنچاتے-ہیں", "نقصان-پہنچانا", "نقصان-پہنچانے-کا", "نقصان-کرنا", "نقصان-کرو"]
3. to be wronged, suffer injustice — To be wronged or suffer injustice, the passive experience of being the victim of another's wrongdoing. Paul counsels the Corinthians 'why not rather be wronged?' (1 Cor 6:7), and Stephen sees the Hebrew 'being wronged' in Egypt (Acts 7:24). Spanish siendo tratado injustamente and the passive construction highlight the sufferer's vantage point rather than the perpetrator's act. 4×
AR["المَظلومِ", "تُظْلَمونَ", "مَظلومينَ", "مَظْلُومًا"]·ben["অন্যায়-পাচ্ছে", "অন্যায়-পেয়ে", "অন্যায়-সহ?", "যে-অন্যায়সহন-করেছিলের,"]·DE["Unrecht-tun", "tut-Unrecht"]·EN["being-wronged", "having-been-wronged", "you-are-wronged"]·FR["faire-tort"]·heb["נֶעֱלָב", "נֶעֱשַׁק", "נֶעֱשָׁקִים", "תֵּעָשְׁקוּ"]·HI["अन्याय-किया-जाते-हुए", "अन्याय-सहते-हो", "जिसे-अन्याय-किया-गया", "पाते-हुए-अन्याय"]·ID["dianiaya,", "diperlakukan-tidak-adil?", "yang-dianiaya"]·IT["fare-ingiustizia"]·jav["dipun-aniaya,", "dipun-tumindak-luput", "luput,", "panjenengan-dipun-salahi?"]·KO["불의-당하는-것-을", "불의를-당하느냐", "해를-받는-자들,", "해받은-자"]·PT["que-foi-ofendido", "sendo-injustiçado", "sofreis-injustiça", "sofrendo-injustiça"]·RU["обижаемого", "обижаемые", "обиженного", "терпите-несправедливость?"]·ES["que-sufrió-injusticia", "siendo-dañados", "siendo-tratado-injustamente", "sois-agraviados?"]·SW["akionewa", "aliyedhuriwa,", "mkudhulumike?", "wakidhulumiwa"]·TR["ama-", "haksızlık-edilen", "haksızlığa uğrarsınız", "haksızlığa-uğrayan"]·urd["ظلم-اُٹھانے-والے", "ظلم-سہتے-ہو", "ظلم-ہوتا", "نقصان-اُٹھاتے-ہوئے،"]
Related Senses
H2896a 1. good (quality or moral) (305×)H7563 1. wicked person (259×)H7451c 1. moral evil or wickedness (234×)H5771 1. iniquity, sin, wrongdoing (222×)H6662 1. righteous person (substantive) (195×)G0266 1. sin, failure, transgression (173×)H2403b 1. sin, transgression (170×)H2617a 1. Covenant faithfulness, steadfast love (167×)H2398 1. Qal: to sin, commit sin (165×)H6666 1. righteousness, moral uprightness (145×)G5485 1. grace, divine favor (141×)H7451a 1. morally evil, wicked (129×)H2403b 2. sin-offering, sacrifice for sin (120×)G2570 1. good, right, excellent (98×)H6588 1. transgression, offense against God (88×)G0018 1. good (moral quality) (85×)H2896b 1. good, what is good (85×)H7451b 1. evil, wickedness (moral) (83×)H7451a 2. evil, harm, calamity (80×)G1342 1. righteous, upright (of persons) (70×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
ἀδῐκέω, Aeolic dialect ἀδικήω Refs 7th c.BC+, Doric dialect ἀδικίω Refsimperfect ἠδίκεον or ἠδίκευνRefs 5th c.BC+:—passive, future in middle form ἀδικήσομαιRefs 5th c.BC+: —to be ἄδικος, do wrong (defined by Refs 4th c.BC+those who have sinned, Refs 5th c.BC+ and Attic dialect; τἀδικεῖν wrong-doing, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ μὴ ἀδικεῖν righteous dealing, Refs 4th c.BC+:— in legal phrase, do wrong in the…