Woman and Wife

אִשָּׁה775 n.f. woman, wife, female (Arabic أُنْثَى, Sab. אנתֿת etc. DHMZK 1884, 360, Aramaic אִתְּתָא, אִנְתְּתָא, אִתָּא, ܐܰܢ̱ܬܬܴܐ, Palm. Nab. אנתתא, Ethiopic አንስት Ph. אשת, Assyrian aššatu COTGloss)—א׳ abs. Gn 2:23 +; cstr. אֵשֶׁת Gn 11:29 + (appar. abs. Dt 21:11; 1 S 28:7 ψ 58:9 but cf. Bö§ 728 Ges§ 130, 5); sf. אִשְׁתִּי Gn 20:11 +; אִשְׁתְּךָ Gn 12:18 + (אֶשְׁתְּךָ ψ 128:3), etc.; Pl. †אִשֹּׁת Ez 23:44 (Co לעשׂות); נָשִׁים Gn 4:19 +; cstr. נְשֵׁי Gn 4:23 +; sf. נָשַׁי Gn 30:26; 1 K 20:7; נְשֵׁיכֶם Ex 22:23 +, etc.;— 1. woman Gn 3:1, 2; 12:11 +; opp. man 2:22, 23 Ex 35:29; 36:6; Dt 17:2, 5; 22:22; 1 S 21:5 +; א׳ emphat. a genuine (or ideal) woman Ec 7:28 (‖ אדם); sim. of men as feeble, timid Je 50:37; 51:30; note especially הַטַּף בַּנָּשִׁים the children among the women, female children Nu 31:18 (P); as conceiving Ex 2:2; Lv 12:2; 2 S 11:5 +; travailing Je 13:21; bearing children Ju 13:24; 1 K 3:18; cf. Jb 14:1; 15:14; 25:4 +, etc.; suckling Is 49:15; אֹרַח כַּנָּשִׁים Gn 18:11; דֶּרֶךְ נָשִׁים 31:35; with adj., or app., א׳מֵינֶקֶת nursing woman, nurse Ex 2:7; א׳ זוֹנָה harlot Jos 2:1; 6:22; Ju 11:1; 16:1; 1 K 3:16; Pr 6:26; Je 3:3 Ez 16:30; 23:44; so א׳ זָרָה Pr 2:16; 7:5; cf. also Ez 23:44 supr.; א׳ מְנָאָ֑פֶת adulteress Pr 30:20 (cf. אֵשֶׁת אִישׁ 6:26), אֵשֶׁת זְנוּנִים Ho 1:2; נָשִׁים נָכְרִיּוֹת foreign women 1 K 11:1, 8; Ezr 10:2, 10, 11, 14, 17, 18, 44; Ne 13:26, 27 (cf. v 23); א׳ חֲכָמָה wise woman, one known as clever, shrewd 2 S 14:2; 20:16, etc.; also א׳ פִּילֶגֶשׁ concubine Ju 19:1, 27: א׳ אַלְמָנָה widow 2 S 14:5; 1 K 11:26; 17:9, 10; א׳ נְבִיאָה prophetess Ju 4:4; also cstr. bef. noun of quality אֵשֶׁתרָ֑ע Pr 6:24; א׳ כְּסִילוּת 9:13; א׳ חֵן 11:16; א׳ חַיִל 12:4; 31:10; Ru 3:11; א׳ מִדְיָנִים Pr 21:9; 25:24; 27:15; א׳ מ׳ וָכָ֑עַס 21:19. 2. Wife (woman belonging to a man, usually cstr. or sf.) Gn 2:24, 25; 3:8, 17; 4:1, 17 + often; of one betrothed (ארשׂ) Dt 20:7; 28:30; בַּעַל (הָ)אִשָּׁה Ex 21:3, 22; אִישׁ הָאִשָּׁה Ju 20:4; לְאִשָּׁה to wife Gn 12:19; 16:3; 34:21 + often (after לָקַח, נָתַן husband or father subj.); for wife (after הָֽיְתָה, woman subj.) Gn 20:12; Nu 36:3, 6(×2), 11, 12; Dt 22:19, 29 +; for unfaithful wife cf. 1; cstr. in phr. אֵשֶׁת חֵיקֶ֑ךָ Dt 13:7 cf. 28:54; א׳ נְעוּרֶיךָ Pr 5:18; Mal 2:14, 15; א׳ בְּרִיתֶ֑ךָ v 14; אֵשֶׁת אָב = step-mother Lv 18:8, 11; 20:11. 3. Female of animals Gn 7:2(×2); v. also sub 4. †4. With distrib. & recipr. sense, א׳ מֵאֵת רְעוּתָהּ each woman from her neighbour Ex 11:2 (E); cf. Ru 1:8, 9; Je 9:19; each one, of birds of prey Is 34:15 cf. v 16 (del. Bi Che); of cows (fig. of heartless women of Isr.) Am 4:3; of sheep (fig. of Isr.) Zc 11:9; & of inanimate things (P, & late) א׳ אֶל אֲחֹתָהּ Ex 26:3(×2), 5, 6, 17 (P) Ez 1:9 (del. Co) v 23; 3:13.

γῠνή, Doric dialect γυνά, Boeotian dialect βανά (see entry), ἡ, genitive γυναικός, accusative γυναῖκα, vocative γύναι (γυνή Refs 6th c.BC+: Aeolic dialect dative plural γυναίκεσσι Refs 7th c.BC+:—woman, opposed to man,Refs 8th c.BC+ substantive, γ. ταμίηRefs 8th c.BC+; γρηΰς (which see), ἀλετρίς (which see), δμῳαὶ γυναῖκες Refs 8th c.BC+: vocative, as a term of respect or affection, mistress, lady, Refs 5th c.BC+; φαντὶ γυναῖκες the lasses say, Refs; πρὸς γυναικός like a woman, Refs 4th c.BC+; ὅρκους γυναικὸς εἰς ὕδωρ γράφω Refs 5th c.BC+ __II wife, spouse, Refs 8th c.BC+; opposed to ἑταίρα, Refs 4th c.BC+; γ. γνησία, Refs 4th c.BC+; also, concubine, Refs 8th c.BC+ __III mortal woman, opposed to goddess,Refs 8th c.BC+ __IV female, mate of animals, Refs 4th c.BC+— Not to be taken as adjective in γυναῖκα θήσατο μαζόν Refs 8th c.BC+. (Cf. Ved. gnā- (frequently disyllable), Sanskrit janis.)

פִּלֶ֫גֶשׁ, פִּילֶ֫גֶשׁ n.f. concubine (NH id.; 𝔗Jer פִּילַּקְתָּא (פַּלְקְתָא), perhaps influenced by Gk. παλλακή, παλλακίς (proposes young girl), Lat. pellex; orig. Gk. word according to StaG. i.380, cf. also LewyFremdw. 66 f.; on poss. Hittite origin v. JenZMG xlviii (1894), 468 ff.);—פִּ׳ abs. 2 S 3:7, cstr. 21:11, פִּי׳ abs. Gn 36:12; Ju 19:1, cstr. Gn 35:22 + 4 times; sf. פִּילַנְשׁוֹ 22:24 +, שֵׁהוּ- Ju 19:24; שִׁי- 20:4 + 2 times; pl. פִּלַגְשִׁים 2 S 5:13 + 2 times, פִּי׳ Gn 25:6 + 5 times; cstr. פִּלַגְשֵׁי 2 S 16:21, 22; sf. פִּילַגְשָׁיו 2 Ch 11:21, פִּלַגְשֶׁיךָ 2 S 19:6, פִּלַגְשֵׁיהֶם Ez 23:20;— 1. concubine Gn 22:24; 25:6; 35:22; 36:12; Ju 8:31; 19:1 + 10 times Ju 19, 20, 2 S 3:7(×2) + 7 times 2 S, 1 K 11:13; 1 Ch 1:32 + 6 times Ch, Est 2:14 Ct 6:8, 9. 2. either = paramour (perhaps contempt.; ὁ πάλλαξ = youth), or concubinage Ez 23:20 (fig. of Jerusalem doting on Babylon).

† מִדְיָנִי adj.gent. Midianite—Nu 10:29 (J); f. מִדְיָנִית Nu 25:6, 14, 15 (P); pl. מִדְיָנִים Gn 37:28 (JE) Nu 25:17; 31:2 (P), מְדָנִים Gn 37:36 (E).

† [דֹּדָה] n.f. aunt—only sf. דֹּדָֽתְךָ Lv 18:14 father’s brother’s wife; דֹּדָתוֹ Lv 20:20 Ex 6:20 father’s sister [cf. Nu 26:59].

† [לְחֵנָה] n.f. concubine (𝔗 לְחֵינְתָא; FlLevy NHWB ii. 534 f. cp. Arabic لَخْنَا, indelicate epithet for woman; Batten Ezr 2:65 cp. Arabic لَحْنٌ note, tune, song; still otherwise WetzstDe, HL u. Koh. 454);—pl. sf. לְחֵנָתָךְ Dn 5:23, הּ—ֵ v 2, 3.

κυρία (Κυρία, T, WH, mg.), -ας, ἡ, [in LXX chiefly for גְּבֶרֶת ;] a lady: 2Jn.1 Jn 5 (on the interpretation, see ICC, 167 ff.).† (From Abbott-Smith. LSJ has no entry)

† שִׁדָּה n.f. meaning unknown;—only s. et pl. שִׁדָּה וְשִׁדּוֹת Ec 2:8, apparently appos. of תַּעֲנֻגוֹת (𝔊 οἰνοχόον καὶ οἰνοχόας, i.e. שֹׁדֶה וְשֹׁדוֹת, from Aramaic שְׁדָא pour out [but not spec. of wine]; Aq κυλίκιον καὶ κυλίκια (cf. 𝔙), prob. from same √; Dl Prol. 97 Kö ii. 1. 161 Wildeb Siegf cp. Assyrian šadâdu, love (Siegf ‘Haremsperlen’), but this word lacks evidence; poss. שָׂרָה וְשָׂרוֹת, v. i. שָׂרָה).

γῠναικ-άριον, τό, diminutive of γυνή, NT+1st c.AD+.

† [חֲבֶ֫רֶת] n.f. consort, i.e. wife וְהִיא חֲבֶרְתְּךָ Mal 2:14 (‖ אֵשֶׁת בְּרִיתֶ֑ךָ).

† [נְשִׁין] n.f.pl. wives (so Zinj. (Cooke 62. 8) cstr. נשי, 𝔗 נְשִׁין, Syriac ܢܶܫܶܐ, Heb. נָשִׁים, Arabic نِسَآءٌ: on sing. v. BH אִשָּׁה, and add Aramaic of Nineveh cstr. אשת (CIS i. 15), and Egyptian Aramaic אנתה S-CPap. D 10 +);—pl. sf. נְשֵׁיהוֹן Dn 6:25.