Tombs and Burial

אֲרוֹן c. art. הָאָרוֹן, הָאָרֹן203 n.m. Ex 35, 12 (f. 1 S 4, 17; 2 Ch 8, 11) chest, ark (Ph. ארן, sarcophagus, Assyrian êrênu (& êrû) chest ZimBP 6, 22, Arabic إِرَانٌ chest, so Aramaic ܐܰܪܘܽܢܳܐ also Nab. ארנא, Vog p. 102, Ph. Mish. also pl. ארונות)—only sg.; abs. †אֲרוֹן 2 K 12:10 = 2 Ch 24:8; c. art. הָאָרוֹן Dt 10:2 + always except Ex Lv Nu where הָאָרֹן (Ex 25:14(×2) + 13 times Ex, Lv 16:2 Nu 3:31; 10:35); cstr. אֲרוֹן Ex 25:10 +, †אֲרֹן Ex 30:6 Nu 4:5; 7:89;— †1. chest, for money-offerings 2 K 12:10, 11 2 Ch 24:8, 10, 11(×2). †2. sarcophagus, mummy-case, of Joseph Gn 50:26 (E). 3. chest, ark in tabernacle & temple, containing tables of law, with cherubim above, the especially seat of י׳ among his people, only Hex (71 times) S (61 times) K (12 times) & Ch (48 times) + Ju 20:27 Je 3:16 ψ 132:8; used alone & in various combinations (cf. SeyringZAW 1891, 114 f.). a. indef. אֲרוֹן עֲצֵי שִׁטִּים an ark of shittim-wood Ex 25:10; Dt 10:3 cf. v 1. b. def. הָא׳ Ex 25:14 + 54 times (Hex P, except Jos JE; S K Ch). c. א׳ יהוה Jos 4:11 + 32 times Jos (JED) S K Ch. d. א׳ אֱלֹהִים †1 S 3:3; 4:11; א׳ הָאֱלֹהִים 1 S 4:13 + 32 times S Ch (but 1 S 14:18(×2) read הָאֵפוֹד 𝔊 We Dr), cf. א׳ אֱלֹהֵינוּ †1 Ch 13:3. e. א׳ אלהי יִשְׂרָאֵל 1 S 5:7 + 6 times S, term used only by Philistines; א׳ יהוה אלהי יִשְׂרָאֵל †1 Ch 15:12, 14; א׳ יהוה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם †Jos 4:5 (JE); א׳ אֲדֹנָי יהוה †1 K 2:26; א׳ יהוה אֲדוֹן כָּל־הָאָרֶץ †Jos 3:13 (JED) cf. אדון כל־הארץ [הברית] א׳ v 11, where הברית (c. art. is prob. interpol., v. Di, only once & late the long phrase א׳ האלהים יהוה יוֹשֵׁב הַכְּרוּבִים אֲשֶׁר נִקְרָא־שֵׁם 1 Ch 13:6. f. in combination with בְּרִית, largely D & under D’s influence; ארון הַבְּרִית ark of the covenant †Jos 3:6(×2), 8; 4:9; 6:6 (all JED); א׳ בְּרִית יהוה Nu 10:33; 14:44 (both J) Dt 10:8; 31:9, 25; Jos 4:7, 18; 6:8; 8:33 Je 3:16 + 17 times S K Ch; once longer א׳ בְּרִית י׳ צְבָאוֹת ישֵׁב הַכְּרֻבִים †1 S 4:4; also א׳ בְּרִית הָאֱלֹהִים †Ju 20:27; 1 S 4:4; 2 S 15:24; 1 Ch 16:6; & א׳ בְּרִית י׳ אלהיכם Dt 31:26 Jos 3:3. g. אֲרוֹן הָעֵ��וּת ark of the testimony, only in P, corresponding to א׳ בְּרִית (cf. Di on Ex 25:16), Ex 25:22 + 8 times Ex, †Nu 4:5; 7:89 Jos 4:16. h. †א׳ הַקֹּדֶשׁ 2 Ch 35:3. i. א׳ עֻזֶּךָ֑ the ark of thy strength 2 Ch 6:41 ψ 132:8.—(Cf. also tables given by Seyringl.c. & his theory as to earliest designation of ark.)

μνημ-εῖον, Doric dialect μνᾱμεῖον, Ionic dialect μνημήϊον, τό, memorial, remembrance, record of a person or thing, μνημήϊα καταλιπέσθαι Refs 5th c.BC+; μνημεῖα ὅρκων a record of the oaths, Refs 5th c.BC+; μνημεῖα τῆς δαπάνης visible memorials, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ παίδων μαθήματα θαυμαστὸν ἔχει τι μ. the lessons of childhood cling strangely to the memory, Refs 5th c.BC+; μνημεῖα καταλειφθῆναι τῶν μελλόντων ἔσεσθαι to be left behind as reminders of things to come, Refs __2 of one dead, Refs 5th c.BC+; of an urn containing the ashes of the dead,Refs 5th c.BC+; tomb, LXX+NT: generally, monument, Refs 5th c.BC+

† [קְבֻרָה] and (4 times) קְבוּרָה n.f. grave, burial;—abs. קְבוּרָה Is 14:20 + 2 times; cstr. קְבוּרַת Je 22:19, קְבֻרַת Gn 35:20 +; sf. קְבֻרָתוֹ Dt 34:6 +;— 1. grave Gn 35:20(×2); 47:30; Dt 34:6; 1 S 10:2; 2 K 9:28; 21:26; 23:30; Ez 32:23, 24; שְׂדֵה הַקּ׳ 2 Ch 26:23. 2. burial, Is 14:20; Ec 6:3; קְבוּרַת חֲמוֹר Je 22:19.

μνῆμα, Doric dialect and Aeolic dialect μνᾶμα, ατος, τό, (μνάομαι, μιμνήσκω) memorial, remembrance, record of a person or thing, with genitive, μνῆμ᾽ Ἑλένης χειρῶν Refs 8th c.BC+; Νικοκλέος μνᾶμα κελαδῆσαι Refs 4th c.BC+; λυγρᾶς μνήματα Τροίας, of the sufferings of the Greeks, Refs 5th c.BC+; μ... διὰ χειρὸς ἔχων, i. e. the dead body of his son, Refs __2 mound or building in honour of the dead, monument, tomb, Refs 5th c.BC+; coffin, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 memorial dedicated to a god, Refs 4th c.BC+: generally, monument, Refs 6th c.BC+ __II ={μνήμη}, memory, μ. ἔχουσ᾽ ἀγαθῶν Refs 6th c.BC+

τάφος [ᾰ], ὁ, (θάπτω) __A funeral-rites, Refs 8th c.BC+; δαινύναι τάφον to give a funeral-feast, Refs 8th c.BC+; τελέσαι τάφον Ἕκτορι δίῳ to perform the funeral-rites, Refs 8th c.BC+; so ὃν πόλις στυγεῖ, σὺ τιμήσεις τάφ; Refs 5th c.BC+; τάφου τυχεῖν obtain the rites of burial, Refs 5th c.BC+: plural of a single funeral, Refs 5th c.BC+; so of cremation, Refs 1st c.AD+ __A.2 the act of performing the funeral-rites, τοῦδε τοῦ τ. φήσεις μετασχεῖν Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.II grave, tomb, Refs 8th c.BC+: plural of a single grave, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὄντες ἐν τάφοις dead and buried, Refs 4th c.BC+; μέγας γ᾽ ὀφθαλμὸς οἱ πατρὸς τάφοι his being dead and buried, Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.II.2 ἔμψυχός τις τ. a 'living skeleton', Refs 2nd c.AD+ __A.II.3 ={βωμός}, Refs 4th c.BC+ __A.II.4 Refs 8th c.BC+

† מַכְפֵּלָה n.pr.loc. near Hebron, where the patriarchs and their wives were buried, only in P, always c. art.; שׂדה אשׁר בַּמּ׳ Gn 23:17, מְעָרַת הַמּ׳ the cave of Machpelah v 9, 25:9, מְעָרַת שְׂדֵה הַמּ׳ 23:19; 50:13, מְעָרָה אֲשֶׁר בִּשְׂדֵה הַמּ׳ 49:30.—cf. BuhlGeogr. 160, 161.—(Evidently orig. appell., but meaning dub.; 𝔊 τὸ διπλοῦν; according to Thes = part, lot, portion, as Ethiopic መክፈልት ).

σορός, ἡ, vessel for holding human remains, cinerary urn, ὣς δὲ καὶ ὀστέα νῶϊν ὁμὴ σ. ἀμφικαλύπτοι Refs 8th c.BC+; coffin, Refs 5th c.BC+; of stone, Refs 4th c.BC+; bier, NT+3rd c.AD+ __II as nickname of an old man or woman, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III αἱ δημόσιαι σ. uncertain meaning in Refs 4th c.AD+