Ten (Cardinal Number)

עָשָׂר203, עֶשְׂרֵה, n. ten, only after units to make num. 11–19, both cardinal and ordinal; עֶשְׂרֵה c. n.f., עָשָׂר c. n.m., thus: 1. eleven: a. אַחַד עָשָׂר (c. n.m.) Gn 32:23 + 2 times. b. אַחַת עֶשְׂרֵה (c. n.f.) 2 K 23:36 + 7 times; also = eleventh 1 K 6:38 2 K 9:29. c. עַשְׁתֵּי עָשָׂר (c. n.m.) Nu 29:20; ord. Dt 1:3 + 7 times. d. עַשְׁתֵּי עֶשְׂרֵה (c. n.f.) Ex 26:7 + 4 times; ord. Je 1:3 + 4 times. 2. twelve: a. שְׁנֵי(ם) עָשָׂר (c. n.m.) Gn 35:22 + 80 times; ord. 1 K 19:19 + 12 times b. שְׁתֵּי(ם) עֶשְׂרֵה (c. n.f.) Ex 24:4 + 31 times; ord. 2 K 8:25 + 6 times. 3. thirteen: a. שְׁלשָׁה עָשָׂר (c. n.m.) Nu 29:14 + 2 times; ord. Est 3:12 + 7 times. b. שְׁלשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה (c. n.f.) 1 K 7:1 + 9 times; ord. Gn 14:4 + 2 times. 4. fourteen: a. אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר Gn 46:22 + 13 times; ord. Ex 12:6 + 17 times. b. אַרְבַּע עֶשְׂרֵה Gn 31:41 + 5 times; ord. 2 K 18:13 + 3 times. 5. fifteen: a. חֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר Ho 3:2 + 3 times; ord. Ex 16:1 + 14 times. †b. חֲמֵשֶׁת עָשָׂר Ju 8:10; 2 S 19:18. c. חֲמֵשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה 2 K 14:17 + 9 times; ord. †2 K 14:23; 2 Ch 15:10.—Vid. also עֶשֶׂר 3 d. 6. sixteen: a. שִׁשָּׁה עָשָׂר Ex 26:25 + 6 times; ord. 1 Ch 24:14 + 2 times. b. שֵׁשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה Gn 46:18 + 13 times. 7. seventeen: a. שִׁבְעָה עָשָׂר 1 Ch 7:11 + 2 times; ord. Gn 7:11 + 3 times. b. שְׁבַע עֶשְׂרֵה Gn 37:2 + 4 times; ord. 1 K 22:52; 2 K 16:1.—Vid. also עֶשֶׂר 3 d. 8. eighteen: a. עָשָׂר (שְׁמֹנַת) שְׁמֹנָה Gn 14:4 + 10 times; ord. †1 Ch 24:15; 25:25. b. שְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה Ju 3:14 + 6 times; ord. 1 K 15:1 + 8 times. †9. nineteen: a. תִּשְׁעָה עָשָׂר 2 S 2:30; ord. 1 Ch 24:16; 25:26. b. תְּשַׁע עֶשְׂרֵה Gn 11:25; Jos 19:38; ord. 2 K 25:8 = Je 52:12. These num. usually take sg. of the nouns most often used, שָׁנָה, יוֹם, חֹדֶשׁ, cf. (sometimes) אִישׁ, אַמָּה, etc.; otherwise pl.; rarely (late usage) they follow noun, which is then usually pl., e.g. Nu 29:30; Jos 15:51 (P), Ezr 8:35(×2;) Est 3:13; 8:5, etc. (even שָׁנִים שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה Na 5:14), but שָׁנָה precedes ordinal 1 K 6:38, שְׁנַת 15:1 + 8 times, so יוֹם (c. ord.) 2 Ch 29:17 + 5 times Est 9; also יוֹם and שָׁנָה (שְׁנַת) both precede and foll. ordinal Nu 7:72, 78; 2 K 8:25; 9:29; 14:23; 16:1; Je 32:1; 2 K 25:8 = Je 52:12.—Vid. also Köii. 1, 211 ff. DaSynt. § 37 a, also R. 1, 2 Ges§§ 92 d, e, 134, and especially Herner Synt. d. Zahlwörter im AT (1893); on form in ה—ֵ (prob for י—ַ), Ol§ 110 Köii. 1, 427 WSG 138.

עֶשֶׂר, עֲשָׂרָה, n.m. and f. ten (NH = BH; perhaps MI 33 עשרֿ; Ph. עשר, עסר, עשרת, etc.; Arabic عَشْرٌ, عَشَرَةٌ; Sab. עשר SabDenkm No. 11 b, l, 5, 6, עשרת and cpds. HomChrest. 48; Ethiopic ዐሥሩ: ዐሠርቱ; Assyrian ešru; 𝔗 עֲסַר, עַסְרָא; עֲשַׂר, עַשְׂרָא; Syriac ܥܣܰܪ, ܥܶܣܪܳܐ; Nab. עשר, all = ten; Palm. עשרתא the Ten (rulers));—m. (c. n.f.) עֶ֫שֶׂר 2 S 15:16 + 53 times (abs. and cstr. usually indistinguishable); עָ֑שֶׂר 1 K 7:43; 1 Ch 6:46; f. (c. n.m.): abs. עֲשָׂרָה Gn 24:10 + 69 times; cstr. (prob.) עֲשֶׂ֫רֶת 1 S 17:18 + 46 times; f.pl. עֲשָׂרֹת Ex 18:21 + 2 times;—on pl. עֶשְׂרִים, 20, v. infr.;— †1. a ten, only f.pl. tens in phr. שָׂרֵי ע׳ captains of tens Ex 18:21, 25 (E), Dt 1:15. 2. ten, enumerating pers. or things, usually without other num.: a. עֶ֫שֶׂר bef. n.f.pl., Gn 45:23 + 43 times; after n. †1 K 7:27, 43 + late passages Jos 15:57; 21:5, 26 (all P), 1 Ch 6:46; 2 Ch 4:7; bef. בָּאַמָּה = ten cubits †1 K 6:3, 25, 26; 7:23, 24. b. עֲשָׂרָה bef. n.m.pl., Gn 45:23 + 25 times (incl. ע׳ אֲלָפִים = 10,000 2 S 18:3; 2 K 24:14 Kt, עֲשֶׂרֶת Qr); bef. n. coll. בָּקָר 1 K 5:3, רֶכֶב 2 K 13:7; also ע׳ לֶתֶם הַזֶּה 1 S 17:17 these ten loaves, cf. 1 K 14:3; ע׳ אֶלֶף Ez 45:1 read עֶשְׂרִים א׳ 𝔊 Hi Co Berthol Toy; after n.m.pl. †Gn 32:16(×2); 43:3 (all E), Jos 17:5 (JE), Nu 29:23 (P), 1 K 7:43; 2 Ch 4:6, 8; Dn 1:12, 14, 15 †; after n. coll. צֹאן 2 Ch 30:24; n. om., sc. men, †Gn 18:32 (J) Am 5:3; Ezr 8:4; sc. shekels (weight) Gn 24:22 (J) Nu 7:14 + 13 times Nu 7 (ע׳ זָהָב); ע׳ כֶסֶף (sc. shekels, value) 2 S 18:11; sc. measures (of grain) Hg 2:16; c. art. the ten Gn 18:32 (J; sc. men), Ne 11:1 (id. = every ten); as pred. Ex 27:12(×2) = 38:12(×2) (all P)†. c. עֲשֶׂ֫רֶת bef. n.m.pl. Ex 34:28 + 18 times, + כַּעֲשֶׂרֶת הַיָּמִים 1 S 25:38 (on art. cf. Weir in Dr, but dub.; prob. om., so 𝔊 We Bu), + ע׳ אֲלָפִים = 10,000 Ju 1:4 + 26 times; n. om. ע׳ כֶּסֶף (sc. shekels) Ju 17:10. †3. rarely + other num.: a. עֶשֶׂר after larger num., מֵאָה וָע׳ שָׁנִים Gn 50:22, 26; Jos 24:29 (all E), Ju 2:8. b. ע׳ before larger num. עֶשֶׂר שָׁנִים וּתְשַׁע מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה Gn 5:14 (P). c. עֲשָׂרָה after larger num., מֵאָה וַעֲשָׂרָה הַזְּכָרִים Ezr 8:12, cf. (n. preceding) 1:10. d. עֲשָׂרָה after smaller num., שִׁבְעָה שְׁקָלִים וַעֲשָׂרָה הַכָּ֑סֶף Je 32:9 = seventeen shekels; before smaller num. + n. sg. עֲשָׂרָה וַחֲמִשָּׁה שֶׁקֶל Ez 45:12, but read חֲמִשִּׁים, joining עֲשָׂרָה to preceding, 𝔊A Hi Co al.

δέκᾰ, οἱ, αἱ, τά, indeclinable, ten, Refs 8th c.BC+the Ten, Refs 5th c.BC+; also οἱ δ. the Attic dialect Orators, Refs 2nd c.AD+; τὰ δέκα [ἔτη] ἀφ᾽ ἥβης those who are ten years past Refs 5th c.BC+; δ. ἄνδρες, = Latin decemviri, Refs 2nd c.AD+ δεκᾰ-είς, NT+4th c.BC+; Thess. δεκαπέμπε Refs 1st c.BC+

† עָשׂוֹר and (Ex 12:3) עָשֹׂר n.[m.] a ten, decade;— 1. usually of days: a. a period of ten days Gn 24:55 (J). b. in phr., לַחֹדֶשׁ (עָשׂר) בֶּעָשׂוֹר on the tenth day of the month Lv 25:9 (H), Ez 20:1; 24:1; 40:1; Ex 12:3; Lv 16:29; 23:27; Nu 29:7; Jos 4:19 (all P), 2 K 25:1 = Je 52:4, Je 52:12 (seventh day in ‖ 2 K 25:8). 2. of strings of instr.: נֵבֶל ע׳ harp, a ten (-stringed one) ψ 33:2; 144:9; ע׳ alone ψ 92:4 upon a ten (-stringed instrument).

† עֲשַׂר, עַשְׂרָה n. m. et f. a ten (v. BH);—m. (foll. n.f.) Dn 7:7, 20, 24; f. (before n.m.) v 24; תְּרֵי עֲשַׂר = twelve (foll. n.m.) 4:26 Ezr 6:17.