Snares and Traps

† מוֹקֵשׁ n.m. Pr 12:13 proposes a bait or lure in a fowler’s net; then fig. snare—abs. מוֹקֵשׁ Ex 10:7 + 15 times; cstr. Pr 18:7; 20:25; pl. מוֹקְשִׁים ψ 64:6 Jb 40:24; מֹקְשִׁים ψ 140:6; cstr. מוֹקְשֵי 18:6 + 3 times; מֹקְשֵׁי 2 S 22:6; f. מֹקְשׁוֹת ψ 141:9; bait or lure, in a net for birds Am 3:5; will not pierce nostril of hippopotamus Jb 40:24; elsewhere fig. of what allures and entraps any one to disaster or ruin; Moses a snare to Egyptians Ex 10:7 (J); מוֹקְשֵׁי עָם Jb 34:30, of men who are the ruin of their people; idols and idol-worship a pernicious lure to Israel Ex 23:33 (JE), Dt 7:16 Ju 2:3; 8:27 ψ 106:36; so alliances with Canaanites Ex 34:12 (JE), Jos 23:13 (D); Michal, to David 1 S 18:21; of י׳ as cause of ruin to evildoers Is 8:14; of plots of wicked ψ 64:6; 140:6 (vb. שִׁית; ‖ פַּח, חֲבָלִים, רֶשֶׁת), 141:9 (‖ פַּח); a lure or snare for wicked in their transgressions Pr 29:6 ψ 69:23 (‖ פַּח); consisting in transgressions of lips Pr 12:13, cf. 18:7; 20:25; in wrathfulness 22:25; in fear of man 29:25; מ׳ מָוֶת ψ 18:6 = 2 S 22:6 (‖ חֶבְלֵי שְׁאוֹל), Pr 13:14; 14:27.

† I. פַּח n.m. ψ 124:7 bird-trap (cf. Wilkinson Egyptians (1878) ii, 103, 109 f. Dr Am 3:5 HoffmZAW iii (1883), 101);* cf. also BaldenspergerPEF 1905, 38 (paḥ used now פ׳ abs. Ho 5:1 +, פָּ֑ח Je 48:44 +; cstr. פַּח Ho 9:8 +; pl. פַּחִים Je 18:22 +;— 1. lit. יַעֲלֶה פ׳ Am 3:5 b (as metaph.; v a del. פ׳); Pr 7:23; Ec 9:12 (c. אָחוּז; both in sim.). 2. usually fig. (sometimes ‖ מוֹקֵשׁ, רֶשֶׁת, צַמִּים): a. of calamities and plots, פ׳ יָקוֹשׁ Ho 9:8, cf. ψ 91:3; 124:7; פ׳ alone Je 48:43 = Is 24:17; Jb 22:10 ψ 124:7; Pr 22:5; טָמַן פ׳ לְ Je 18:22 ψ 140:6; 142:4; נָתַן פ׳ לְ 119:110, יָקַשׁ פ׳ לְ 141:9; יֹאחֵז בְּעָקֵב פ׳ Jb 18:9; יִלָּכֵד בַּפּ׳ Je 48:44 = Is 24:18. b. = source or agent of calamity Ho 5:1; Jos 23:13 (D), Is 8:14 ψ 69:23.—ψ 11:6 v. פֶּחָם" dir="rtl" >פֶּחָם.

† שְׂבָכָה n.f. lattice-work, network;—abs. ר׳ 1 K 7:18 +, pl. שְׂבָכוֹת v 41 +, שְׂבָכִים v 17;— 1. prob. window-lattice 2 K 1:2. 2. net-ornament on pillars, 1 K 7:17(×2) (om. 𝔊 Kit Benz), v 18, 20 (crpt., (cf. Kit Benz), v 41, 42(×2) 2 Ch 4:12, 13(×2) 2 K 25:17(×2) ‖ Je 52:22, 23. 3. network, toils, for catching animals (fig.) Jb 18:8 (+ רֶשֶׁת, פַּח, צַמִּים).

† [יָקֹשׁ] vb. lay a bait or lure (v. מוֹקֵשׁ), then gen. lay snares (v. also נקשׁ, קוֹשׁ)— Qal Pf. יָקֹ֫שְׁתִּי Je 50:24; יָֽקְשׁוּ ψ 141:9; Pt. pl. יוֹקְשִׁים 124:7;—lay snares, fig. of devices of wicked 141:9 (c. acc. cogn.); of י׳’s plan to destroy Babylon Je 50:24 יקשׁתי לך וגם נלכדת; Pt. as subst. bait-layers, fowlers ψ 124:7 (cf. 141:9) sim. Niph. Pf. נוֹקַ֫שְׁתָּ Pr 6:2; וְנוֹקְשׁוּ consec. Is 8:15; 28:13; Impf. 2 ms. תִּוָּקֵשׁ Dt 7:25; be caught by a bait, ensnared, in business entanglements Pr 6:2; in disastrous consequences of idolatry Dt 7:25 (‖ נלכד); of those ensnared by י׳’s plans (sq. ונלכדו) Is 8:15; 28:13. Pu. Pt. יוּקָשִׁים (for מְיוּקָשִׁים, unless this should be read: Ges§ 52. R. 6; Sta§ 220): entrapped, in circumstances of life Ec 9:12.

πᾰγίς, ίδος, ἡ, (πήγνυμι) ={πάγη}, trap, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 metaphorically, trap, snare, of women, Refs 4th c.BC+; δουρατέα π., of the Trojan horse, Refs 6th c.AD+; τοῖς ἄρτοις.. ἱστᾶσι παγίδας they try to 'raise the wind', Refs 2nd c.AD+; of women's ornaments, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II ἄγκυρα νεῶν π. the anchor which holds ships fast, Refs 1st c.AD+

† [נָקַשׁ] vb. knock, strike, only in specif. sense of hit, strike or bring down (a bird), and only fig. (Ecclus ינקש 41:2c striketh against (ב; margin ונוקש), so נוקש ב 13:2c; NH knock, strike e.g. the knees, or a door (so Hiph.); Aramaic (incl. Biblical Aramaic) נְקַשׁ id., ܢܩܰܫ fixit, impegit, percussit, etc. (Arabic نَقَشَ strike in carve, etc., is loan-wd. Frä194);—the Heb. vb. appar. means bring down with a [certain kind of] stick, perhaps like a boomerang, v. descript. and illustr. in WilkinsonManners and Customs of Egypt, (new ed. 1878), ii. 103 f. 109 f. ErmanÆgypten 323 WMMAsien u. Europa 123 f.);— Qal Pt. נוֹקֵשׁ ψ 9:17 he (י׳) striketh down the wicked (so Hup-Now De Che); Vrss Ol Ew Bae Kau We BuhlLex read נוֹקַשׁ, Niph. from יקשׁ. Niph. Impf. 2 ms. תִּנָּקֵשׁ אַחֲרֵיהֶם Dt 12:30 lest thou be thrust (impelled) after them. Pi. Impf. יְנַקֵּשׁ ψ 109:11 let the creditor strike at, take aim at (ל); 3 mpl. וַיְנַקְּשׁוּ 38:13 (abs.). Hithp. Pt. מִתְנַקֵּשׁ בְּנַפְשִׁי 1 S 28:9 why art thou striking at my life?

† צַמִּים n.m. doubtful word, usually snare, trap (from ‖ פַּח Jb 18:9);—וְשָׁאַף צ׳ חֵילָם Jb 5:5 and a snare snappeth at their wealth (so Bu BevJPhil. xxvi, 304 f.; Vrss Di Du and most mod. צְמֵאִים, or צָמֵא, the thirsty, sometimes with change of וְשָׁאַף); 18:9 (‖ פַּח; CheJQ ix (1897), 578 צִירִים pangs, cf. Is 13:8).

βρόχος, ὁ, noose, slip-knot, Refs 8th c.BC+; snare for birds, Refs 5th c.BC+; mesh of a net, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐν βρόχῳ τὸν τράχηλον ἔχων νομοθετεῖν 'with a halter round one's neck', Refs 4th c.BC+ should be written in Refs 6th c.BC+

πᾰγιδ-εύω, (παγίς) lay a snare for, entrap, LXX+NT

† II. מָזוֹר n.m. Ob 7 יָשִׂימוּ מ׳ תַּחְתֶּיךָ, very dub., perhaps net (as something extended): 𝔊 (ἔνεδρα), 𝔊 𝔙 ambush (? מָצוֹד or מְצוֹדָה net, VollersZAW 1884, 16; מָצוֹר siege PrinceJBL xvi. 1897, 177), Aq Theod fetter, bond, 𝔗 (תקלא) stumbling-block; Gr מַכְמֹר, מִכְמָר; We Now leave untranslated; DlProl. 67, HWB 396 comp. Assyrian mazûru, appar. a pole with an iron hook, but improb.—i. מָזוֹר v. sub III. זוּר, p. 267.

† [פָּחַח] vb.Hiph.denom. ensnare; Inf. abs. הָפֵחַ כֻּלָּם Is 42:22, c. בְּ loc. an ensnaring [i.e. men have ensnared] them all in, etc.

† [קוּשׁ] vb. lay bait or lure (‖ √ of יקשׁ);— Qal Impf. 3 mpl. יְקשׁוּן Is 29:21, c. ל pers. (fig.).