Refuge and Shelter

I. [צָפָה37] vb. look out or about, spy, keep watch (NH id., Pi. hope; Ethiopic ሰፈወ: iii. 2 hope);— Qal28 Impf. 3 ms. juss. יִ֫צֶף בֵּינִי וּבֵינֶ֑ךָ Gn 31:49 (J) may י׳ keep watch between me and thee (that the covenant be kept = א׳ עֵד וגו׳ v 50); 3 fpl. עֵינָיו בַּגּוֹיִם תִּצְפֶּי֑נָה ψ 66:7 his eyes keep watch upon the nations; Pt. act. צוֹפֶה רָשָׁע לַצַּדִּיק ψ 37:32 a wicked man spieth upon the righteous; Ct 7:5 the town which looketh toward (פְּנֵי) Damascus; f. צוֹפִיָּה Pr 31:27 she keepeth watch of (c. acc.); pl. עֵינֵי י׳ צֹפוֹת רָעִים וְטוֹבִים Pr 15:3; elsewhere as subst. watchman, abs. צֹפֶה 2 S 13:34 +; pl. צֹפִים 1 S 14:16; +, sf. צֹפָיו Is 56:10 Qr (Kt צפו), צֹפַיִךְ Is 52:8;—1 S 14:16 2 S 13:34 + 8 times SK, Ez 33:2, 6(×2); Is 52:8, so in שְׂדֵה צֹפִים Nu 23:14 (JE); fig. of prophets Ho 9:8; Je 6:17; Ez 3:17; 33:7; Is 56:10;—צוֹפִים 1 S 1:1 v. צוּפִי" dir="rtl" >צוּפִי; Pt. pass. צָפוּ (Codd. and Qr צָפוּי), Jb 15:22 spied out (and brought) to (אֱלֵי) the sword (Ew Bi PerlesAnal. 29 צָפוּן cf. Di Bu). †Pi. Pf. I pl. צִפִּינוּ La 4:17; Impf. 1 s. אֲצַפֶּה Mi 7:7 +; Imv. ms. צַפֵּה Na 2:2, fs. צַפִּי Je 48:19; Pt. מְצַפֶּה 1 S 4:13; Is 21:6; pl. sf. מְצַפֶּיךָ Mi 7:4;—watch (closely), אֶל־דֶּרֶךְ עִמְדִי וְצ׳ Je 48:19, צ׳־דֶרֶךְ Na 2:2; + אֶל of person expected La 4:17; fig. אֲצַפֶּה בְּי׳ Mi 7:7; abs. lit. 1 S 4:13; fig. Hb 2:1 I will look forth, to see (לִרְאוֹת) what he will say; ψ 5:4 I will look out (expectantly); pt. as n. = watchman Is 21:6; Mi 7:4.

γρηγορ-έω, late present, formed from perfect ἐγρήγορα (which see), to be or become fully awake, watch, LXX+NT+3rd c.AD+; ἐπὶ τὰς πόλειςLXXpassive, ἐγρηγορήθη ἐπὶ τὰ ἀσεβήματά μουLXX; opposed to καθεύδω, of life opposed to death, NT

† שָׁקַד vb. watch, wake (Ph. שקד be circumspect; NH שָׁקַד be insistent; 𝔗 שְׁקֵד = BH);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ ψ 127:1, שָׁקַ֫דְתִּי Je 31:28 ψ 102:8; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁק֑וֹד Jb 21:32 (Me Bu יִשְׁקֹ֑דוּ), וַיִּשְׁקֹד Dn 9:14, 1 s. אֶשְׁקֹד Je 31:28; Imv. mpl. שִׁקְדוּ Ezr 8:29; Inf. cstr. לִשְׁקֹד Pr 8:34; Pt. act. שֹׁקֵד Je 1:12 +; pl. cstr. שֹׁקְדֵי Is 29:20;— 1. keep watch of, be wakeful over, י׳ subj., עַל pers., to benefit or injure Je 31:28(×2); 44:27; עַל rei, to perform it 1:12; Dn 9:14; so (men subj.) שֹׁקְדֵי אָוֶן Is 29:20; of leopard watching עַל־עָרֵיהֶם Je 5:6 (to seize prey, fig.); of man watching (for admission) at (עַל) wisdom’s doors Pr 8:34 (‖ שָׁמַר); = keep guard over (עַל) Jb 21:32, cf. (abs.) שׁ׳ וְשִׁמְרוּ Ezr 8:29, and (of watchman, שֹׁמֵר) ψ 127:1. 2. be wakeful, wake, as mourner, sufferer ψ 102:3.—La 1:14 read perhaps Niph. Pf. נִשְׁקַד עַל־פְּשָׁעַי (𝔊 Bu) watch has been kept over my transgressions (cf. 1 supra), for MT נִשְׂקַד עֹל פ׳.— Pu. denom. v. infra.

ἀγρυπν-έω, perfect ἠγρύπνηκαRefs 5th c.BC+:—lie awake, pass sleepless nights, Refs 6th c.BC+; opposed to καθεύδω, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀγρυπνεῖν τὴν νύκτα to pass a sleepless night, Refs 4th c.BC+; οἱ -οῦντες sufferers from insomnia, Refs 1st c.AD+ __2 metaphorically, to be watchful, LXX+NT: with infinitive, μηθέν σε ἐνοχλήσεινRefs __3 with accusative, lie awake and think of, τινάRefs

† [עוּז], עוֹז vb. take or seek refuge (Arabic عوذ, عَاذَ take refuge, seek protection, مَعَاذٌ a refuge);— Qal Inf. cstr. לָעוֹז בְּמָעוֹז Is 30:2 (‖ לַחְסוֹת בְּ). Hiph. bring into safety, Pf. 3 mpl. הֵעִ֫יזוּ Is 10:31, obj. om., and so Imv. mpl. הָעִ֫יזוּ Je 4:6, הָעִ֫זוּ מִקֶּרֶב 6:1; c. acc., ms. הָעֵז Ex 9:19.

† חָסוּת n.f. refuge;—וְהֶחָסוּת בְּצֵל מִצְרַיִם Is 30:3 (‖ מָעוֹז פַּרְעֹה).

† מִסְתּוֹר n.[m.] place of shelter; abs. מִסְתּוֹר מִזֶּרֶם Is 4:6 (fig. of י׳’s protection; cf. סֵתֶר Is 32:2).