Parents and Ancestors

אָב1191 n.m. father (Ph. אב, Assyrian abu, Arabic أَبٌ, Sab. אב CISiv, 1. 37 1. 2 al. Ethiopic አብ Aramaic אַבָּא, ܐܰܒܳܐ )—abs. אָב Gn 44:19 + 47 times; cstr. אַב Gn 17:4, 5 (cf. in אַ��ְרָהָם ib. & elsewhere in n.pr. On Hal’s proposes אֲבִר v. אברהם); אֲבִי" dir="rtl" >אֲבִי (cf. Ge§§ 90, 3b, 96) Gn 4:20 +; sf. אָבִי Gn 19:34 + (MI אבי); אָבִיךָ Gn 12:1 +; אָבִיו Gn 2:24 +; אָבִ֫יהוּ Ju 14:10 + 6 times; pl. אָבוֹת Ex 12:3 +; cstr. אֲבוֹת Ex 6:25 + 7 times; sf. אֲבוֹתַי (אֲבֹתַי, אֲבוֹתָ֑י) Gn 47:9 + 15 times; אֲבוֹתֵיהֶם 1 Ch 4:38 + 32 times (late); אֲבוֹתָם Ex 4:5 + 106 times etc.;— 1. father of individual Gn 2:24 (+ אֵם) 11:28, 29(×2); 19:31, 32, 33, + often (mostly JED); of father as commanding Gn 50:16 (J) Je 35:6 f Pr 6:20 (cf. Gn 18:19 J 28:1, 6 P 1 S 17:20 1 K 2:1); instructing מוסר Pr 1:8; 4:1 (cf. Dt 8:5); specif. as begetter, genitor Pr 23:22 Zc 13:3(×2) (+ אֵם) Is 45:10; cf. Gn 49:4 (J) Lv 18:7, 8, 11 (P); rebuking Gn 37:10; loving Gn 37:4; 44:20 (JE; cf. 22:2; 25:28; 37:3 2 S 14:1); pitying ψ 103:13 (in sim. cf. 2 S 18:5); blessing Gn 27:41 (JE cf. 27:4 also 28:1 P +); as glad Pr 10:1; 15:20 cf. 29:3; grieving Gn 37:35 (JE; cf. 2 S 12:22; 19:1, 2 f) etc. Also as obj. of honour, obedience, love Ex 20:12 (E) = Dt 5:16; Ex 21:15, 17 (E) Dt 21:18, 19 Gn 28:7 (P), 50:1, 5 1 K 19:20 (all + אֵם) (J) Mal 1:6 etc. Hence metaph. of intimate connection Jb 17:14 to corruption I cry, My father art thou (‖ אִמִּי וַאֲחֹתִי לָֽרִמָּה). 2. of God as father of his people (v. RSSem 42), who constituted, controls, guides and lovingly watches over it: Dt 32:6 Je 3:4, 19; 31:9 Is 63:16(×2); 64:7 Mal 1:6; 2:10 (cf. Ex 4:22; 19:4 (JE) Dt 32:11 Ho 11:1); cf. Je 2:27 (of idolatr. Isr.) אֹמְרִים לָעֵץ אָבִי אַתָּה וְלָאֶבֶן אַתְּ ילדתני׃; especially God as father of Davidic line 2 S 7:14 ψ 89:27; f. of needy (late) ψ 68:6 (cf. 103:13) (in n.pr., f. of individ., cf. infr.) 3. head of household, family or clan; בֵּית אָבִי as abode Gn 38:11(×2) Lv 22:13 +; = family Gn 24:40 (‖ מִשְׁפַחְתִּי) 41:51; 46:31 + cf. Nu 18:1, 2 Jos 2:12, 18; 6:25; especially techn. of divisions of Isr. בֵּית אָב לְמִשְׁפָּחוֹת Nu 3:30, 35 = a father’s house, i.e. a family or clan; more often pl. (אבותם, אבותיו) בֵית אָבוֹת = fathers’ houses = families, clans (cf. Di on Ex 6:14) Ex 6:14; 12:3 Nu 1:2, 18 ff. (often in Nu) Jos 22:14(×2) without בית Jos 14:1; 19:51; 21:1(×2) (always P in Hex.); also 1 Ch 5:13, 15 + often in Ch; cf. רָאשֵׁי אבות הלוים (= ר׳ בית א׳) Ex 6:25 cf. 1 K 8:1 1 Ch 6:4; 7:11 + often Ch Ezr Ne. 4. ancestor (a) of individual; grandfather (instead of precise term) Gn 28:13; 32:10 (J; where used of Abr. & Isaac); greatgr. 1 K 15:3; gr.-greatgr. 1 K 15:11, 24 etc.; cf. 2 K 14:3; 15:38; 16:2; 18:3; 22:2; often pl. (= fathers, forefathers) Gn 15:15; 46:34 (JE) 1 K 19:4; 21:3, 4 2 K 19:12; 20:17 +; particularly שׁכב עם אבותיו 1 K 1:21; 2:10; 11:21; 22:40 +; joined with ויקבר עם אב׳ 1 K 14:31; 15:24; 22:51 2 K 8:24; 15:38 cf. v 7, 16:20 + (all of kings of Judah); intens., אֲבֹתֶיךָ וַאֲבוֹת אֲבֹתֶיךָ Ex 10:6 cf. Dn 11:24; (b) of people Gn 10:21 (J) 17:4, 5 (P) 19:37, 38 (J) 36:9, 43 (P) Dt 26:5 Is 51:2; 43:27 (where אביך הראשׁון thy first father, v. Che) cf. also Ez 16:3, 45 + often; pl. Ex 3:13, 15, 16 (E) Dt 1:8 Jos 1:6 Ju 2:1 1 S 12:6 +; 1 S 12:15 ad fin read וּבְמַלְכְּכֶם 𝔊 We Dr. 5. originator or patron of a class, profession, or art Gn 4:20, 21. 6. fig. of producer, generator Jb 38:28 הֲיֵשׁ לַמָּטָר אָ֑ב (‖ מִי־הוֹלִיד אֶגְלֵי־טָֽל׃). 7. fig. of benevolence & protection Jb 29:16 אָב אָֽנֹכִי לָֽאֶבְיוֹנִים, cf. 31:18; of Eliakim Is 22:21; perhaps also of gracious Mess. king אֲבִי עַד Is 9:5 everlasting father (Ge Ew De Che Brd Di)—others divider of spoil (Abarb Hi Kn KueBrMP). 8. term of respect & honour (Abbas, Pater, Papa, Pope); appl. to master 2 K 5:13; priest Ju 17:10; 18:19; prophet 2 K 2:12(×2); 6:21; 13:14(×2) cf. 8:9; counsellor Gn 45:8 (E; cf. δευτέρου πατρός 𝔊 add. Est 3:13; τῷ πατρί 1 Mac 11:32); king 1 S 24:12; artificer 2 Ch 2:12; 4:16. 9. specif., ruler, chief (late) 1 Ch 2:24, 42(×2) etc. (cf. Ew§ 273b). See also EwGesch. i. 524 H i. 365. On the force of אָב in proper names (in many prob. a divine title), v. CheEncy. Bib., abi, names with Nöib., names, §§ 44, 45.

πᾰτήρ, ὁ, genitive and dative πατέρος, πατέρι in Epic dialect and Lyric poetry, Attic dialect πατρός, πατρί (which is also the commoner form in Refs 8th c.BC+; accusative always πατέρ; vocative πάτερ: plural πατέρες, πατέρας, πατέρων (πατρῶν only Refs 8th c.BC+; dative πατράσι [ᾰ] (cf. Sanskrit locative plural pitṛ[snull]u, no dative plural occurs in Refs 8th c.BC+, late Epic dialect πατέρεσσι Refs 4th c.AD+:— father, Refs 8th c.BC+; πατρὸς πατήρ grandfather,Refs 8th c.BC+; τὰ πρὸς πατρός by the father's side, Refs 5th c.BC+, etc.; especially of God, the father of the Israelites, LXX; father of men, NT; father of Jesus Christ, Refs __II especially as epithet of Zeus, πατὴρ Ζεύς, π. Κρονίδης, π. ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε, Refs 8th c.BC+; Ζεὺς π. Refs 5th c.BC+; π. Οὐρανιδᾶν Ζ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __III respectful mode of addressing persons older than oneself, ξεὶνε πάτερ Refs 8th c.BC+, etc.; in addressing an elder brother, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __IV metaphorically, father, author, ἀοιδᾶν π... εὐαίνητος Ὀρφεύς Refs 5th c.BC+; Χρόνος ὁ πάντων π. Refs 5th c.BC+; τοῦ λόγου π. Refs; ὁ π. τῶν φώτων, i.e. God, the father of the stars, NT; οἱ π. τῶν ἀτόμων the authors of the atomic theory, Refs 2nd c.AD+; of capital, τοῦ πατρὸς ἐκγόνους τόκους Refs 5th c.BC+ __V title of a grade in the mysteries of Mithras, Refs __VI π. πατρίδος, = Latin pater patriae, Refs 1st c.AD+ __VII in plural, __VII.1 forefathers, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐξέτι πατρῶν from our fathers' time, Refs 8th c.BC+ __VII.2 parents, Refs 1st c.BC+ __VII.3 parentnation, opposed to colonists, Refs 5th c.BC+. (Cf. Sanskritpitár-, Latin pater, etc.)

γον-εύς, έως, ὁ, begetter, father, mostly in plural, parents, Refs 8th c.BC+: in singular, of a serpent, Refs 5th c.BC+; of a man, Refs 5th c.BC+: generally, progenitor, ancestor, πέμπτος γ. ancestor in the fifth generation, Refs 5th c.BC+

† אֶ֫בֶן n.f. Dn 2:34 stone (BH id.);—abs. א׳ Dn 2:34 +; emph. אַבְנָא v 35;— 1. a (the) stone Dn 2:34, 35, 45; 6:18. 2. stone, material of idols 5:4, 23; of buildings Ezr 5:8; 6:4.

πατρι-άρχης, ου, ὁ, (πατρι father or chief of a race, patriarch, LXX+NT __II title borne by the Bishops of Rome, Constantinople, Jerusalem, Antioch, and Alexandria, Refs 6th c.AD+:— adjective πατρι-αρχικός, ή, όν, of or belonging to him, θρόνοςRefs

Transliteration of Hebrew אַב 'father' [H0002]. Not in LSJ.

πατρῷος, α, ον, also ος, ον Refs 5th c.BC+, etc.; Epic dialect and Ionic dialect πατρώϊος, η, ον, the only form used in Refs 8th c.BC+; the former first in Refs 6th c.BC+, though both use the longer form, Refs 6th c.BC+; Thess. πατρούεος (which see): (πατήρ):— of or from one's father, coming or inherited from him, σκῆπτρον, ἔγχος, Refs 8th c.BC+; ξεῖνος πατρώϊός ἐσσι παλαιός my old hereditary friend, Refs 8th c.BC+; γαῖα πατρωΐη one's fatherland, Refs 6th c.BC+; δῶμα, ἑστία, κοῖται, Refs 5th c.BC+; πατρώϊα one's father's goods, patrimony, Refs 8th c.BC+; τὰ π. Refs 5th c.BC+; δοῦλοι π. Refs 5th c.BC+; π. δόξα hereditary glory, Refs of our fathers and grandfathers, Refs 4th c.BC+; π. οἰκία, κλῆρος, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡ εἰρήνη ἡ π. Refs 4th c.BC+; ἔχων π. ἡμῶν ὑποθήκην Refs 1st c.AD+; π. θεοί tutelary gods of a family or people, as Apollo at Athens, Refs 5th c.BC+; Zeus among the Dorians, Refs 5th c.BC+; Zeus was the θεὸς π. of Heracles, Refs 5th c.BC+; of Orestes, Refs 5th c.BC+; Ζεὺς π. was also the god who protects parents' rights, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II ={πάτριος}, of or belonging to one's father, μῆλα Refs 8th c.BC+; π. ἄεθλοι imposed by him, Refs; but π. ἆθλος of him, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. φόνοι, πήματα, Refs 4th c.BC+; τὰ πατρώϊα the cause of one's father, opposed to τὰ μητρώϊα, Refs 5th c.BC+ —Grammars distinguished πατρῷος, as expressing patrimonial possession, from πάτριος as expressing hereditary manners, customs, institutions; see Refs 5th c.AD+—The distinction holds in Attic dialect Prose; but Refs 8th c.BC+ only, and in all these senses; so also Trag. [πάτριος should be restored in all passages in Trag. where the 2nd pers. syllable is made short in anapaest meter and Lyric poetry, Refs 5th c.BC+; but γῆς ἀπὸ πατρωΐης ends a pentameter in Refs

πρόγον-ος, ον, (γίγνομαι, γέγονα) early-born, [ἄρνες], opposed to μέτασσαι, Refs 8th c.BC+; first-born, Refs __2 ={ἀπόγονος} 1, uncertain in Refs 1st c.BC+ __II forefather, ancestor, Refs 5th c.BC+; also of gods or heroes who are the authors or founders of a race, Refs 5th c.BC+: also as feminine, π. γυνή Refs 4th c.BC+ the fathers or founders of a school, Refs 2nd c.AD+; ἰὼ πόνοι π. πόνων troubles parents of troubles, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III child by a former marriage, step-son, Refs 5th c.BC+, etc.: feminine, step-daughter, Refs 5th c.BC+; rarely προγόνη (which see): irregular superlative προγονέστατος eldest step-son, uncertain in Refs

ἀπάτωρ [πᾰ], ορος, ὁ, ἡ, (πατήρ) without father, of deities, αὐτοπάτωρ, ἀ.NT+4th c.AD+; fatherless, orphan, ἀοίκους ἀπάτοράς τεRefs 5th c.BC+; disowned by the father, Refs 5th c.BC+ not having me for a father, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 of unknown father, like{σκότιος}, Refs 1st c.AD+

πατρῐκός, ή, όν, (πατήρ) derived from one's fathers, hereditary, νόμοι Refs 5th c.BC+; βασιλεῖαι Refs 5th c.BC+; εἰς τὸ π., = by right of inheritance, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __II ={πάτριος}, of or belonging to one's father, γᾶρυς Refs 5th c.BC+; οἰκονομία π., opposed to δεσποτική and γαμική, Refs; ἐνευχόμενός σοι τοὺς π. θεούς the gods of your father(s), Refs 3rd c.BC+; ἡ πατρική (i.e. οὐσία) patrimony, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ π. Refs 1st c.AD+; but τὰ π., also, father's house, LXX __II.2 like a father, paternal, π. γὰρ ἀρχὴ βούλεται ἡ βασιλεία εἶναι Refs 4th c.BC+; παρρησία π. Refs 1st c.AD+. adverb, τὰς κολάσεις πατρικῶς ποιεῖσθαι Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.3 Grammars, ἡ πατρική, ={ἡ γενική}, the genitive, Refs 4th c.AD+

πατρο-παράδοτος, ον, handed down from one's fathers, inherited, ἡ μικρὰ καὶ π. οὐσία NT+2nd c.BC+

† [בָּיַי, בַּי] vb. entreat (Arabic بَىَّ come as suppliant, entreat, still current in the Ḥauran: v. Wetzst in De Jb 34:36), of which (prob.) אָבִי Jb 34:36 is 1 s. impf. (used dialectically): אָבִי יִבָּחֵן אִיּוֹב would that (lit. I entreat that) Job were tried!