Neck (Body Part)

† צַוָּאר n.m. ψ 75:6 neck, back of neck;—abs. צ׳ Is 8:8 +, cstr. צַוַּאר Je 28:10 + 3 times; sf. צַוָּארִי La 1:14, צַוָּרָם Ne 3:5, etc.; pl. cstr. צַוְּארֵי Ju 8:21 +; sf. צַוָּארָיו Gn 27:16 +, צַוְּארֵיכֶם Je 27:12, †צַוְּארֹתֵיכֶם Mi 2:3;— 1. neck, especially back of neck, of man, wearing chain as ornament Gn 41:42 (E), so of woman Ct 1:10, cf. Ju 5:30 (read perhaps צַוָּארַי for -רֵי), elsewhere in Gn usually pl. intens., of individual, נָפַל עַל־צ׳ 45:14 (E), 46:29; 33:4 (Qr; Kt sg.), so בָּכָה עַל־צ׳ 45:14; 46:29 (all J); חֶלְקַת צַוָּארָיו 27:16 smooth part of neck (J); neck of beautiful woman Ct 4:4; 7:5; neck as pressed by foot of conqueror Jos 10:24(×2) (JE); place of yoke Gn 27:40 (sg.; J), Dt 28:48; Is 10:27; Je 27:2, 8, 11, 12; 28:10, 11, 12, 14; 30:8; of transgressions as yoke La 1:14; place of bonds Is 52:2; of bearing load, Ne 3:5 (fig.), hence calamity as burden Mi 2:3; neck as smitten with sword Ez 21:34; עַד־צ׳ as measurement of height (depth; in fig.) Is 8:8; 30:28; Hb 3:13; בְּצ׳ עָתָק fig. ψ 75:6 speak not with arrogant neck (si vera l.; but read perhaps בַּצּוּר against the Rock, 𝔊 κατὰ τοῦ θεοῦ, Bae Hup-Now Che Kau); of wicked, rushing against God Jb 15:26.—עַל־צַוָּארֵנוּ נִרְדָּ֔פְנוּ La 5:5 is dubious; Matthes Löhr Bae עֹל עַל־וגו׳; Bu עֹל צַוּ׳, and הֲדָפָנוּ or יֶהְדְּפֵנוּ for נִר׳. 2. neck of animals, camels (wearing ornaments) Ju 8:21, 26; heifer Ho 10:11 (i.e. place of yoke, in fig. of Ephr.); horse Jb 39:19, crocodile 41:14.

† עֹ֫רֶף n.m. Dt 31:27 back of neck, neck;—ע׳ abs. Jos 7:12 +; cstr. Gn 49:8 +; sf. עָרְפִּי Jb 16:12, עָרְפְּךָ Dt 31:27, etc.;— 1. back of neck of fleeing foe יָֽדְךָ בְּע׳ אֹיְבֶיךָ Gn 49:8 (poem in J), cf. וְאָחַז בְּעָרְפִּי Jb 16:12 (fig.); Ex 23:27 (E), ψ 18:41 = 2 S 22:41; turn (הָפַךְ, פָּנָה) one’s back before (לִפְנֵי) a foe Jos 7:8, 12 (JE), abs. Je 48:39; fig. of apostasy פָּנָה ע׳אֶל Je 2:27; 32:33 (opp. פָּנָה פָנִים) abs. וַיִּתְּנוּ ע׳ 2 Ch 29:6; of י׳’s disfavour ע׳ וְלֹא פָנִים אֶרְאֵם Je 18:17 with the back and not the face will I look at them. 2. fig. in קְשֵׁה־ע׳ stiff of neck, i.e. obstinate, of Isr. Ex 32:8; 33:3, 5; 34:9 (all JE), Dt 9:6, 13; עָרְפְּךָ הַקָּשֶׁה Dt 31:27; with vb. הִקְשָׁה ע׳ i.e. be obstinate, intractable 10:16; Je 7:26; 17:23; 19:15; 2 K 17:14(×2) Ne 9:16, 17, 29; 2 Ch 30:8; cf. גִּיד בַּרְזֶל ע׳ Is 48:4 (‖ קָשֶׁה אָ֑תָּת); הִקְשָׁה ע׳ of individual 2 Ch 36:13; Pr 29:1. 3. of bird: nip its head מִמּוּל עָרְפּוֹ Lv 5:8 (P).

† גָּרוֹן n.m. ψ 69:4 neck, throat (connexion with above √ dub.; Thes Rob-Ges. (cf. MV) from גרה in (assumed) sense of גרר of a dragging, scraping sound; cf. מְגֵרָה; yet √ perhaps גרן q.v.; Arabic جِرَانٌ (sub جَرَنَ Frey & Lane) front part of neck of camel, etc.)—ג׳ Is 3:16; 58:1; sf. גְּרוֹנִי ψ 69:4; גְּרוֹנֵךְ Ez 16:11 + Je 2:25 Qr (Kt גורנך); גְּרוֹנָם ψ 115:7; 149:6, גְּרֹנָם ψ 5:10;—throat; 1. of the visible exterior (front) of throat, neck נְטֻו֯וֹת ג׳ Is 3:16 outstretched of neck (= with outstretched neck); וְרָבִיד עַל־גְּרוֹנֵךְ Ez 41:19 and a chain upon thy neck. 2. throat, as capable of thirst Je 2:25; as organ of speech קְרָא בְגָרוֹן Is 58:1 (‖ הָרֵם קוֹלֶ֑ךָ), לֹא יֶהְגּוּ בִּג׳ ψ 115:7; also רוֹמֲמוֹת אֵל בִּגְרוֹנָם ψ 149:6 high songs to God (be) in their throat; cf. נִחַר גְּרוֹנִי ψ 69:4 my throat is parched (‖ יָגַעְתִּי בְקָרְאִי); so also קֶבֶר־פָּתוּחַ גְּרֹ��ָם ψ 5:10 their throat is an opened sepulchre.

τράχηλος [ᾰ], ὁ, Doric dialect τράχᾱλος Refs 4th c.BC+: irregular plural τράχηλα Refs 3rd c.BC+:—neck, throat, Refs 5th c.BC+; distinguished from αὐχήν by Refs 5th c.BC+ being, accusative to Refs, the whole neck and throat, αὐχήν the back part of the neck in human beings, the upper part in animals; this difference is observed in Refs 2nd c.AD+; but αὐχήν in LXX+5th c.BC+, NT, and Papyrus τ. is more frequently than αὐχήν); τ. σώματος χωρὶς τεμών Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀποτεμεῖν, ἀποκόψαι, Refs 3rd c.BC+; ἐς τ. πεσεῖν break one's neck, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐπὶ τ. ὠθεῖν τινα thrust head-foremost, NT+2nd c.AD+; ἐν βρόχῳ τὸν τ. ἔχων νομοθετεῖ with a halter round his neck, Refs 4th c.BC+; ἔδει σε ἐν τῷ σῷ τ. ἐμπαίζειν at the risk of your own neck, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __2 neck of animals, of the horse, Refs 5th c.BC+; the neck as a joint of meat, Refs 1st c.AD+; of a fowl, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II of parts resembling the neck, e. g. upper part of the murex, Refs 4th c.BC+the narrow part of the abdomen, Refs 4th c.BC+; the neck of the grasshopper, Refs __II.2 neck of a vessel, Refs 2nd c.BC+; of a gourd, Refs 4th c.BC+; of parts of the body, τ. μήτρας Refs 5th c.BC+; κύστεως Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II.3 middle part of a mast, Refs 2nd c.BC+

† [עָרַף] vb. denom. break the neck of an animal;— Qal Pf. 2 ms. sf. וַעֲרַפְתּוֹ consec. Ex 13:13; 34:20 (JE), 3 pl. וְעָֽרְפוּ־שָׁם אֶת־הָעֶגְלָה consec. Dt 21:4; Pt. act. עוֹרֵף כֶּלֶב Is 66:3; pass. הָעֲרוּפָה הָעֶגְלָה Dt 21:6; Impf. 3 ms. יַעֲרֹף Ho 10:2 fig. of breaking down altars.

† גַּרְגְּרוֹת n.f.pl. neck (on format. cf. Ba NB 204)—גַּרְגְּרֹתֶ֑יךָ Pr 1:9; 3:22, גַּרְגְּרוֹתֶיךָ Pr 3:3, גַּרְגְּרֹתֶ֑ךָ 6:21—always in fig., instruction of parents an ornament, a chain upon neck Pr 1:9, bind them upon thy neck 6:21; so of mercy & truth 3:3, cf. v 22.

† [צַוַּאר] n.m. neck (𝔗 Syriac; v. BH sub I. צור);—sf. צַוְּארָךְ Dn 5:16, צַוְּארֵהּ v 7, 29.)

† [עָנַק] vb. denom. serve as necklace;— Qal 3 fs. sf. עֲנָקַתְמוֹ ψ 73:6 pride is necklace for them. Hiph. Impf. and Inf. abs. הַעֲנֵיק תַּעֲנִיק לוֹ Dt 15:14 thou shalt make a rich necklace for him from thy flock, etc., fig. for richly load him.

τρᾰχηλ-ίζω, future Attic dialect -ιῶRefs 3rd c.BC+:—bend or twist the neck of a victim, βοῦν Refs 4th c.BC+ __II in wrestling, 'scrag' one's opponent, τοὺς νεανίσκους Refs 1st c.AD+:— passive, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 metaphorically, inflict hardship on a combatant, τοὺς.. φίλους οἱ λειπόμενοι τραχηλιοῦσι πόλεμοι Refs 1st c.AD+:—passive, ἐμφυλίῳ πολέμῳ καὶ διχονοίᾳ -ιζόμενοι Refs 1st c.AD+ __II.3 metaphorically in passive, to be overpowered, swept away, ταῖς ἐπιθυμίαις Refs 1st c.AD+; of ships in a whirlpool, Refs 1st c.BC+ __III in a pun on significations Refs see how the ram's neck is being twisted, Refs 1st c.AD+ __IV passive, to be laid open, NT; τετραχηλισμένα· πεφανερωμένα, Refs 5th c.AD+

† [לֹעַ] n.[m.] prob. throat (external) (cf. NH לוֹעַ jaw, cheek, Aramaic לוֹעָא, ܠܘܥܐ id.);—וְשַׂמְתָּ֫ שַכִּין בְּלֹעֶ֑ךָ Pr 23:2 and thou shalt put a knife to thy throat (fig. for restraining oneself from indulgence in food).

† [מַפְרֶ֫קֶת] n.f. neck (dividing head from body);—sf. וַתִּשָּׁבֵר מַפְרַקְתּוֹ 1 S 4:18.