Lots and Allotment

גּוֹרָל77 n.m. Lv 16:8 & (†Jos 21:10, but v. infr.) f. lot, (NH id. & demon. Hiph. הִגְרִיל cast lots)—abs. ג׳ Jos 16:1 + 51 times; cstr. גּוֹרַל Jos 18:11 + 2 times, גֹּרַל Nu 36:3; sf. גּוֹרָלִי ψ 16:5, גֹּרָלִי Ju 1:3, גּוֹרָֽלְךָ Pr 1:14, גֹּרָֽלְךָ Dn 12:13, גּוֹרָלֶ֑ךָ Ju 1:3, גּוֹרָלֵךְ Je 13:25 Is 57:6, גּוֹרָלוֹ 1 Ch 26:14, גּוֹרָלָם Jos 18:11 + 2 times; pl. גּוֹרָלוֹת Jon 1:7 + 8 times, גֹּרָלוֹת Lv 16:8;—a lot cast for the decision of questions Pr 18:18, designation of persons, etc., for service or punishment, assignment of property, etc.; prob. stones put into the bosom-fold of a garment, Pr 16:33 (בַּחֵיק יוּטַל אֶת־הַגּ׳), or into a vessel, and shaken until one springs out (עָלָה, יָצָא, or—late—נָפַל); this was regarded originally as divine decision (cf. on Urim & Thummim p. 22, supr.); for the agent, the usual verbs are הִשְׁלִיךְ, יָרָה, נָתַן, and הִפִּיל. Particularly:— 1. lot for dividing land, especially that which Joshua cast at Shiloh לִפְנֵי י׳ Jos 18:6 (יָרָה) v 8, 10 (both הִשְׁלִיךְ; all three sq. לְ of pers. for whom; all JE); cf. 19:51 (P); so of lot coming up, or forth, עָלָה Jos 18:11 (cstr.; P), also sq. לְ pers. 19:10 (P), & foll. c. יָצָא 16:1 (JE), Nu 33:54 Jos 19:1, 17, 24, 32, 40; 21:4 (all P); be divided by lot יֵהָלֵק בְּג׳ Nu 26:55, or according to lot עַל־פִּי הַגּ׳ תֵּחָלֵק v 56; apportion by lot הִתְנַחֲלוּ בְּג׳ 33:54; 34:13, נַחַל בְּג׳ Jos 19:51; give by lot נָתַן בְּג׳ Nu 36:2 נָתַן בַּגּ׳ Jos 21:8 (all P) 1 Ch 6:50; have by lot הָיָה ל׳ בַּגּ׳ Jos 21:4, & (היה om.) v 5, 6 (all P) cf. 1 Ch 6:46, 48; also Jos 21:10 (P; הַגּ׳ רִאישֹׁנָה, only here f.; 𝔊—not 𝔊L—om. ראישׁנה, & so) ‖ 1 Ch 6:39; cf. further Is 34:17 (הִפִּיל לְ). 2. lot for assigning to service, duty or punishment, a. concerning the goats on day of atonement, Lv 16:8 (נָתַן עַל) v 8, 8 (sq. לְ); cf. v 9, 10 (עָלָה עַל; all P). b. assigning priests to their courses, singers, musicians & porters to their duties, by lot חָלַק בְּג׳ 1 Ch 24:5; הִפִּיל ג׳ v 31; 25:8; 26:13 (sq. לְ of position) v 14; of lot coming forth (יָצָא לְ pers.) 24:7 (cf. v 7, 18) 25:9 (cf. v 9–31) 26:14 cf. וַיֵּצֵא גּוֹרָלוֹ v 14. c. cast lots for dwelling in Jerus. (הִפִּיל ג׳) Ne 11:1 (sq. inf.) d. for supplying wood for altar-fire Ne 10:35 (הִפִּיל עַל); here belongs prob. also e. Ju 20:9 עָלֶיהָ בְּג׳, ref. to v 10 (determining who shall go up, and who supply provision) 𝔊 ἀναβησόμεθα ἐπʼ αὐτὴν ἐν κλήρῳ so Stu (insert perhaps נעלה), cf. AV RV, BuRS 151 (who reads נַפִּילָה בְּג׳); > 𝔖 Be Ke who ref. ג׳ here to division of land of captured city. f. to determine guilty persons Jon 1:7(×2) (both הִפִּיל) v 7 (נָפַל עַל); so appar. Ez 24:6 of inhab. of Jerus. under fig. of flesh in pot לֹא־נָפַל עָלֶיהָ ג׳ no lot is fallen over it, i.e. no discrimination is made, destruction is to include the whole city; (cf. also Jos 7:14 ff. 1 S 14:41 ff. where divine agency in detection is prominent but word גּוֹרָל not used). g. in allotting slaves Jo 4:3 אֶל־עַמִּי יַדּוּ ג׳; Na 3:10 (יַדּוּ עַל); so Ob 11 וְעַל־יְרוּשָׁלַםִ יַדּוּ ג׳,—all c. vb. ידד q.v. h. in distributing plundered garments ψ 22:19 (הִפִּיל על). i. to determine favourable day for a scheme, הִפִּיל Est 3:7 (לִפְנֵי הָמָן) 9:24 (sq. inf.; v. also פּוּר). 3. thing assigned, apportioned, allotted especially of land assigned by lot, allotment Jos 15:1; 17:1; 21:38 (all P), 17:14, 17 = portion, share (‖ נַחֲלָה; JE); cf. גֹּרַל נַחֲלָתֵנוּ Nu 36:3 (P), גּוֹרַל נַחֲלָתָם Jos 14:2 (P; but perhaps read abs. גּוֹרָל cf. Di); also גְּבוּל גּוֹרָלָם 18:11 (P) the boundary of their allotment; עָרֵי גוֹרָלָם 21:20 (P); v. further Ju 1:3(×2); so prob. Mi 2:5 הִשְׁלִיךְ חֶבֶל בְּג׳ (Hi Che; cf. also Ew); ψ 125:3, land, exposed to oppressive exaction; also fig. of י׳ as portion, allotment of his people ψ 16:5 (so Che, & on תָּמִיד for תּוֹמִיךְ cf. his crit. n.; v. also Ew; otherwise De al.;—‖ מְנָת חֶלְקִי); on the other hand, of idols Is 57:6 (‖ חֵלֶק); also עָמַד לְג׳ Dn 12:13, of allotted portion, share, in the Messianic consummation; more generally, one’s portion, lot, fortune גּוֹרָֽלְךָ תַּפִּיל בְּתוֹכֵנוּ Pr 1:14 cast thy fortune into the midst of us, in with us (‖ כִּיס אֶחָד יִהְיֶה לְכֻלָּנוּ). 4. portion = recompence, retribution Is 17:14 (‖ חֵלֶק), Je 13:25 (‖ מְנָת מִדַּיִךְ), both implying divine agency.

κλῆρος __A, Doric dialect κλᾶρος Refs 5th c.BC+, ου, ὁ:— lot, κλῆρον ἐσημήναντο ἕκαστος, ἐν δ᾽ ἔβαλον κυνέῃ Refs 8th c.BC+; κλήρῳ πεπαλάσθαι Refs 8th c.BC+; πάντας ἀνέφεδρος ἐπαγκρατίασε τοὺς κ., i.e. he never drew a bye, Refs 2nd c.AD+; κλήρου κατὰ μοῖραν Refs 5th c.BC+; κλάροισι θεοπροπέων divining by lots, Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.2 casting of lots, drawing of lots, κ. τίθεσθαι Refs 5th c.BC+; = Latin sortitio provinciarum, Refs 1st c.AD+ __A.3 λαβὼν πίστιν.. κλήρου uncertain meaning in Refs 1st c.AD+ __A.II that which is assigned by lot, allotment of land, Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. ἱππικός Refs 3rd c.BC+; περὶ τοῦ λάχους τριάκοντα καὶ ἑπτὰ κλάρων Refs 2nd c.BC+ __A.II.2 generally, piece of land, farm, estate, οἶκος καὶ κ. Refs 8th c.BC+; οἱ κ. τῶν Συρίων their lands, Refs 5th c.BC+; Κύπρου Πάφου τ᾽ ἔχουσα.. κλῆρον, of Aphrodite, Refs 5th c.BC+; Πισαίοις ἐνὶ κλήροισι Refs 2nd c.BC+. b. plural, title-deeds, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __A.II.3 legacy, inheritance, heritable estate, Refs 5th c.BC+. b. collective, body of inheritors, Refs __A.II.4 Astrology texts, certain degrees in the zodiac connected with planets and important in a nativity, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __A.II.5 generally, province, sphere, ἕνα θεὸν πολλῶν ἅμα προεστάναι κλήρων Refs 5th c.AD+ __A.III of the Levites, Κύριος αὐτὸς κλῆρος αὐτοῦ LXX: hence, of the Christian clergy, ἐν κλήρῳ καταλεγόμενος Refs 2nd c.AD+

† פּוּר n.m. lot (NH = BH; perhaps Assyrian loan-word from puru, buru, stone JenZA x. 339 f. and in Wild Est p. 173 f.);—expl. by הַגּוֹרָל Est 3:7; 9:24; שֵׁם הַפּוּר v 26 explains name of feast פּוּרִים v 26; יְמֵי הַפֻּרִים days of Purim v 28, 31; אִגֶּרֶת הַפּ׳ v 29, דִּבְרֵי הַפּ׳ v 32.—Vid. on Purim especially NowArch. ii. 194 ff. and reff.

λαγχάνω, future λήξομαι Refs 5th c.BC+; Ionic dialect λάξομαι (compare λάξις) Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἔλᾰχον Refs 8th c.BC+; Epic dialect ἔλλαχον Refs 3rd c.BC+; Epic dialect λάχον Refs 8th c.BC+; Aeolic dialect optative 1st pers. singular λαχόην Refs 7th c.BC+; for λέλᾰχον see infr. IV: perfect εἴληχα Refs 4th c.BC+: pluperfect εἰλήχει Refs 5th c.BC+; poetry and Ionic dialect λέλογχα Refs 5th c.BC+, but not in early Attic dialect Prose; 3rd.pers. plural λελογχᾰσι (ν) Refs 8th c.BC+; participle λελαχώς Refs 1st c.BC+; Doric dialect 3rd.pers. singular λελόγχει Refs 3rd c.BC+: pluperfect ἐλελόγχει Refs 2nd c.AD+:—passive, aorist ἐλήχθην Refs 5th c.BC+: perfect εἴληγμαι Refs 5th c.BC+; 3rd.pers. plural λελάχαται Refs 5th c.AD+ __I with accusative of things, obtain by lot, of spoils, opposed to ἐξαιρεῖσθαι, Refs 8th c.BC+: generally, obtain as one's portion, τὸ γὰρ λάχομεν γέρας ἡμεῖς Refs 8th c.BC+infinitive added, ἔλαχον πολιὴν ἅλα ναιέμεν I had the sea for my portion to dwell in, Refs 8th c.BC+; of a deity as presiding over one's life, ἐμὲ μὲν Κὴρ.. λάχε γεινόμενόν περ Refs 8th c.BC+: also, especially in perfect, to be the tutelary deity of a place, protect it. [Πὰν] πάντα λόφον.. λέλογχε Refs 5th c.BC+; of Athena, ἣ τὴν ὑμετέραν πόλιν ἔλαχε Refs 5th c.BC+: frequently of persons who have a post assigned to them by lot, κλήρῳ νῦν πεπάλασθε διαμπερές, ὅς κε λάχῃσι Refs 8th c.BC+: with infinitive, κλήρῳ λάχον ἐνθάδ᾽ ἕπεσθαι Refs 5th c.BC+ had their post assigned near Thymbra, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐπί, ἐν πύλαις λ., Refs 4th c.BC+; λαχών alone, Refs 5th c.BC+; λ. τινὰ διδάσκαλον have him assigned to one by lot, Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.2 at Athens, obtain an office by lot, ἀρχὰς λαχεῖν, opposed to χειροτονηθῆναι (to be elected), Refs 5th c.BC+infinitive, ὁ τῷ κυάμῳ λαχὼν πολεμαρχέειν he who had the lot to be polemarch, Refs 5th c.BC+; λαχόντος βουλεύειν when I became Member of Council by lot, Refs 5th c.BC+ to be chosen by lot as one of.., Refs 4th c.BC+; λαχεῖν βασιλεύς, ἐπιμελητής, ἱερεύς, etc., Refs 5th c.BC+; οἱ πεντακόσιοι [οἱ] λαχόντες τῷ κυάμῳ Legal cited in Refs 5th c.BC+ those on whom the lot fell, Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.3 as Attic dialect law-term, λαγχάνειν δίκην obtain leave to bring a suit (especially a private suit), probably because the presiding magistrates decided the order of hearing by lot; λ. δίκην τινί against one, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸν εἰληχότα τοῦ κλήρου τὴν δίκην the person suing for the inheritance, Refs 4th c.BC+ he has claimed Euctemon's daughter.., Refs 5th c.BC+; also λ. τῷ υἱεῖ τῆς ἐπικλήρου prosecute the claim on his son's behalf, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, πρὸς οὓς αἱ δίκαι ἐλήχθησαν Refs 5th c.BC+ proceedings are taken, Refs __II with genitive partitive, become possessed of a thing, ὥς κεν Ἀχιλλεὺς δώρων ἐκ Πριάμοιο λάχῃ Refs 8th c.BC+; γέννας ἀφθίτου λαχόντες Refs 5th c.BC+; πατρῴων οὐ λαχών not having obtained thy patrimony, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III absolutely, draw lots, κατάστασις ἡ διὰ τοῦ λαγχάνειν γιγνομένη NT+5th c.BC+ __IV causal only in Epic dialect reduplicate aorist λέλᾰχον, put in possession of a thing, grant one the rights of.., ὄφρα πυρός με Τρῶες.. λελάχωσι θανόντα Refs 8th c.BC+: later this aorist is used intransitive in Refs 5th c.AD+ __V intransitive, fall to one's lot or share, ἐς ἑκάστην [νῆα] ἐννέα λάγχανον αἶγες nine goats were allotted to each, Refs 8th c.BC+

κληρ-όω, Doric dialect κλᾱρόω, infinitive κλαρώεν Refs 2nd c.BC+:—appoint by lot, ἐξ ἁπάντων τὰς ἀρχάς Refs 5th c.BC+; also, of the lot, fall on, οὓς ἐκλήρωσεν πάλος Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, cast lots for office, of candidates, ἂν ἔλθῃ κληρωσόμενος τῶν ἐννέα ἀρχόντων Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, to be appointed by lot, Refs 4th c.BC+, etc.; [πρόεδροι] κεκληρωμένοι Refs 4th c.BC+ __2 cast lots, Refs 5th c.BC+; κληρώσω πάντας I will make all draw lots, Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅτε ἐκληροῦσθε when you were drawing lots, Refs __3 middle, have allotted one, obtain by lot, δεσπότας Refs 5th c.BC+: metaphorically, obtain as one's sphere or province, τὸ ταὐτὸν ὁ δημιουργὸς ἐκληρώσατο Refs 2nd c.AD+; κεκληρῶσθαι to be in possession of, to have, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II allot, assign, ὔμμε δ᾽ ἐκλάρωσε πότμος Ζηνί Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, ἐκληρώθην δούλη Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 ὀμφὰν κ. deliver an oracle by lot, Refs

† [יְהָב] n.[m.] lot (what is given)? cf. 𝔗 יַהֲבַת ψ 11:6, יְהָבִית Ec 5:10.—הַשְׁלֵךְ עַל י׳ יְהָֽבְךָ ψ 55:23 cast on י׳ thy lot (the care, anxiety, etc. which are thy portion; cf. גּוֹל עַל־י׳ דרכך ψ 37:5).