Inheriting and Possessing

יָרַשׁ229 vb. take possession of, inherit, dispossess (MI7 וירש take possession of; Aramaic יְרֵית, ܝܺܪܶܬ take possession of, and be heir to, inherit; so Ethiopic ወረሰ Arabic وَرِثَ inherit; v. also Sab. ורתֿ, inherit, CISiv, 37, 3), especially D (62 times Qal, 1 times Pi, 7 times Hiph. in Dt + 13 times D in Jos);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. יָרַשׁ Je 49:1; וְיָרַשׁ consec. Je 49:2 Nu 27:11; 2 ms. יָרָ֑שְׁתָּ 1 K 21:19; וְיָרַשְׁתָּ֫ Dt 6:18 + 2 times; sf. וִירִשְׁתָּהּ consec. Dt 17:14 + 2 times (on this and kindred forms v. Köi. 406, 411); וִירִשְׁתָּם consec. Dt 19:1; 31:3; 3 pl. יָֽרְשׁוּ Dt 3:20 +; sf. וִירֵשׁוּךָ consec. Ez 36:12 (Köl.c.); וִירֵשׁוּהָ consec. Is 34:11 + 3 times; 2 mpl. וִירִשְׁתֶּם consec. Dt 4:1 + 7 times; 1 pl. יָרַשְׁנוּ Dt 3:12, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִירַשׁ Gn 21:10 ψ 25:13; 2 mpl. תִּירְשׁוּ Lv 20:24 1 Ch 28:8; תִּירָ֑שׁוּ Ez 33:25, 26; תִּירָשׁ֑וּן Dt 5:30, etc.; Imv. ms. יְרָ֑שָׁה Dt 33:23; רֵשׁ Dt 1:21 1 K 21:15; רָ֑שׁ Dt 2:24, 31; mpl. וּרְשׁוּ Dt 1:8; 9:23; Inf. cstr. לָרֶ֫שֶׁת Dt 2:31 + 17 times; לָרָ֑שֶׁת Ne 9:23; sf. לְרִשְׁתְּךָ Gn 28:4; לְרִשְׁתּוֹ 1 K 21:16, 18; לְרִשְׁתָּהּ Gn 15:7 + 28 times; Pt. יוֹרֵשׁ Gn 15:3 + 6 times; pl. י(וֹ)רְשִׁים Dt 12:2 Je 8:10; sf. יֹרְשָׁיו Je 49:2;— 1. take possession of, especially by force, have as a possession, often with collat. idea of taking in place of others, succeeding to, inheriting (cf. 2: a. land, sq. acc. Gn 15:7, 8 Nu 13:30; 21:24, 35 Jos 18:3 (all JE), 24:4, 8 (E), Ju 2:6; 11:21, 22, 23, 24(×2); 18:9 Dt 1:8, 21, 39 + 25 times Dt, + †Dt 11:31; 17:14; 26:1 (all possess land and dwell therein), similarly Is 65:9(×2) ψ 69:36; בְּאַרְצָם מִשְׁנֶה יִירָ֑שׁוּ Is 61:7 in their land they shall possess the double; הָחֵל רָשׁ Dt 2:24; הָחֵל רָשׁ לָרֶשֶׁת אֶת־אַרְצוֹ v 31; especially phr. (הארץ) שָׁמָּה לְרִשְׁתָּהּ (etc. עֹבְרִים) אֲשֶׁר אַתֶּם בָּאִים Dt 4:5, 14, 26 + 12 times Dt, also Ezr 9:10; v. Dt 30:18 Jos 1:11(×2), 15(×2); 12:1; 13:1; 21:41; 23:5 (all D); Am 2:10 Ob 19, 19 Hb 1:6 Ez 33:24, 25, 26 Lv 20:24(×2) (H), Gn 28:4 Nu 33:53 (both P), 1 Ch 28:8 Ne 9:15, 22, 23, 24; ψ 25:13; 37:9, 11, 22, 29, 34; + ב instr. 44:4; also וַעֲמַל לְאֻמִּים יִירָ֑שׁוּ 105:44 (‖ (וִיִּתֵּן לָהֶם אַרְצוֹת גּוֹיִם); †take possession of fields Je 8:10 (obj. not expr.), 1 K 21:15, 16, 18, 19 ψ 83:13; inheritance (in land) Nu 27:11; 36:8(×2) (all P); city (cities), Jos 19:47 (JE), Ju 3:13 Ob 20; so הַר־קָדְשִׁי Is 57:13 (‖ נחל ארץ), 63:18 where read prob. הַר־קָדְשֶׁ֑ךָ (for MT עַם־ק׳, see 𝔊 VB and ‖ cl.); possess city and dwell therein 2 K 17:24 Is 34:17; Is 34:11 yea the pelican and bittern shall possess it; so of nettles Ho 9:6; וְיִרַשׁ זַרְעֲךָ אֵת שַׁעַר אֹיְבָיו Gn 22:17, cf. 24:60 (both J); possess houses Ez 7:24 (del. Co), Ne 9:25; יוֹרֵשׁ עֶצֶר Ju 18:7 possessing wealth (? see VB)†. †b. a people (with collat. idea of being their heir (2), and so dispossessing them), so especially in Dt 2:12, 21, 22; 9:1 (+ cities), 11:23; 12:2, 29(×2); 18:14; 19:1; 31:3; Nu 21:32 (Kt וַיִּירַשׁ; JE), Am 9:12; מַדּוּעַ יָרַשׁ מִלְכֹּם אֶת־גָּ֑ד Je 49:1 (on text see VB), v 2, 2 (in these 3 perhaps play on meaning inherit, cf. v 1 a); Ez 36:12 Ob 17 Is 54:3; nations + countries Ez 35:10. †2. inherit, sq. acc. pers. = be one’s heir Gn 15:3, 4(×2) (JE); שִׁפְחָה כִּי־תִירַשׁ גְּבִרְתָּהּ Pr 30:23 (or, dispossess?); abs. be heir, sq. עִם pers. = jointly with 21:10 (E); (הַ)יּוֹרֵשׁ (the) heir 2 S 14:7 Je 49:1 (‖ בָּנִים); Mi 1:15 (= possessor, captor), where paronom. with n.pr.loc. מָרֵשָׁה; inherit persons, as slaves לָרֶשֶׁת אֲחֻזָּה Lv 25:46 (H). †3. = impoverish, הַלְיָרְשֵׁנוּ קְרָאתֶם (var. Pi. הַלְיָֽרְ׳ Ju 14:15 (v. Ges§ 69 m)) to impoverish us did ye call (us)? †Niph. Impf. יִוָּרֵשׁ Pr 23:21; 2 ms. תִּוָּרֵשׁ Gn 45:11 Pr 20:13; אִוָּרֵשׁ Pr 30:9;—be (dispossessed =) impoverished, come to poverty Gn 45:11 (E), Pr 20:13; 23:21; 30:9 (opp. אֶשְׂבַּע). †Pi. Impf. פְּרִי אַדְמָתֶ֑ךָ יְיָרֵשׁ הַצְּלָצַֽל Dt 28:42 the fruit of thy ground shall the cricket get full possession of (cf. Qal Ho 9:6 Is 34:11), i.e. devour. †Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הוֹרִישׁ Ju 1:27 +; 2 ms. הוֹרַשְׁתָּ 2 Ch 20:7 ψ 44:3, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יוֹרִישׁ Jos 3:10; וַיּ֫(וֹ)רֶשׁ Ju 1:19 +; 3 fs. sf. 3 mpl. תּוֹרִישֵׁמוּ Ex 15:9, etc.; Inf. abs. הוֹרֵשׁ Jos 3:10; 17:13; הוֹרֵישׁ Ju 1:28; cstr. לְהוֹרִישׁ Dt 4:38 +, etc.; Pt. מוֹרִישׁ 1 S 2:7 Dt 18:12; sf. מוֹרִישָׁם Dt 9:4, 5;— 1. cause to possess, or inherit Ju 11:24; מִיְּרֻשָֽׁתְךָ אֲשֶׁר הוֹרַשְׁתָּנוּ 2 Ch 20:11; sq. ל pers., וְהוֹרַשְׁתֶּם לִבְנֵיכֶם Ezr 9:12 and cause your sons to inherit (it); fig. תּוֹרִישֵׁנִי עֲוֹנוֹת נְעוּרָ֑י Jb 13:26 thou makest me to inherit (the consequences of) the iniquities of my youth. 2. cause (others) to possess or inherit, then gen. dispossess: a. sq. acc. gent. vel pers., Jos 13:13; 16:10 (both JE), Ju 1:29, 30, 31, 32, 33 (all opp. ישׁב בְּקֶרֶב), Jos 14:12 (JE), 17:13 (JE; הוֹרֵשׁ לֹא הוֹרִישׁוֹ), Ju 1:28 (id.); opp. ישׁב אֵת Jos 15:63; opp. ישׁב בְּ Ju 1:21, 27; also Nu 21:32 Qr, 32:39 Jos 17:18 (all JE), 13:12 (D), Ju 1:19b; 2:23; also וַיֹּרֶשׁ אֶת־הָהָר 1:19a (= את־יושׁבי ההר see v b), Dt 7:17 ψ 44:3; וְהוֹרַשְׁתָּם וְהַאֲבַדְתָּם Dt 9:3; sq. acc. + מִפְּנֵי Ex 34:24 Nu 32:21 Jos 3:10 (הוֹרֵשׁ יוֹרִישׁ; all these JE), Dt 4:38; 9:4, 5; 18:12 Jos 13:6; 23:9 (both D), Nu 33:52, 55 (both P), Ju 2:21; 11:23, 24 1 K 14:24; 21:26 2 K 16:3; 17:8; 21:2 (all D), 2 Ch 28:3; 33:2; acc. + מִלִּפְנֵי Dt 11:23 Jos 23:5, 13 (D; ‖ הָדַף), 2 Ch 20:7; acc. + מִשָּׁם Jos 15:14 (JE) = Ju 1:20; of cities (i.e. their inhabitants) Jos 8:7; 17:12; so of a land = Nu 33:53 (P), see v 52, 55 [𝔊 + יושׁבי] b. sq. acc. rei, מִבִּטְנוֹ יֹרִשֶׁנּוּ אֵל Jb 20:15 God shall cast them out of his belly, i.e. riches (‖ חַיִל בָּלַע וַיְקִאֶנּוּ). 3. = impoverish, יהוה מוֹרִישׁ וּמַעֲשׁיר 1 S 2:7 (song) י׳ impoverisheth and maketh rich; sq. acc. (of Tyre) אֲדֹנָי יוֹרִשֶׁנָּה Zc 9:4 (see v 3). 4. nearly = bring to ruin, destroy, sq. acc. gent. אָרִיק חַרְבִּי תּוֹרִישֵׁמוֹ יָדִי Ex 15:9 (poem in E); so perhaps also Nu 14:12 (JE; AV disinherit; ‖ אַכֶּנּוּ בַדֶּבֶר). 5. = Qal take possession of a land Nu 14:24 (JE), but read prob. יִרָשֶׁנָּה.

† נָחַל vb. denom. get or take as a possession (cf. Gerber 236 ff.; Ecclus נחל 45:22 b +; NH id. (rare));— Qal Pf. נ׳ Zc, 2:16; 2 ms. נָמַלְתָּ Ex 23:30 + 8 times Pf.; Impf. 3 ms. יִנְחַל Is 57:13; 3 mpl. יִנְחֲלוּ Nu 18:23 + 5 times; יִנְחָ֑לוּ 26:55 + 2 times; + 8 times Impf.; Inf. נִחֹל Nu 34:18 Jos 19:49;— 1. take possession, inherit: a land of Canaan, Ex 23:30 (E), 32:13 (J), Is 57:13 Ez 47:14; Zion and Judah ψ 69:37. b. special sections in the land, of tribes and individuals, נחל נחלה Jos 17:6 (J); נחלה אשׁר נ׳ Dt 19:14 (D), Nu 35:8 (P), cf. Jos 14:1 (P); without acc., have or get a (landed) property, Nu 18:20, 23, 24; 26:55; 32:19 Jos 16:4; 19:9 (all P), Ju 11:2. c. land of Moab and Ammon by conquest Zp 2:9; landed property בכל הגוים ψ 82:8. d. God takes possession of Israel as his private property Ex 34:9 (J); Judah Zc 2:16. 2. fig. have or get as a possession, property: testimonies ψ 119:111, glory Pr 3:35, good things 28:10, lies Je 16:19, wind Pr 11:29, simplicity 14:18. 3. divide the land for a possession, Nu 34:17, 18 Jos 19:49 (all P; incorrect pointing for Piel, so SS). Pi. divide for a possession: Pf. 3 ms. נִחַל Jos 13:32; 3 pl. נִחֲלוּ Jos 14:1; 19:51; Inf. נַחֵל Nu 34:29 (all P); also Nu 34:17, 18 Jos 19:49 (v. Qal 3). Hithp. Pf. 3 pl. sf. הִתְנַחֲלוּם Is 14:2; 2 mpl. הִתְנַחַלְתֶּם Lv 25:46 Nu 33:54; Impf. תִּתְנַחֲלוּ Nu 34:13 Ez 47:13; תִּתְנֶתָ֑לוּ Nu 33:54; Inf. הִתְנַחֵל Nu 32:18; possess oneself of land (acc.) Nu 33:54; 34:13 (P) Ez 47:13; נחלה Nu 32:18 (P); slaves Lv 25:46 (P) Is 14:2; abs., ref. to land Nu 33:54 (P); all c. לְ pers. (for whose benefit), except Nu 32:18; 34:13 Is 14:2. Hiph. Pf. 1 s. הִנְחַ֫לְתִּי Je 3:18 + 3 times Pf.; Impf. 3 ms. יַנְחִיל Dt 3:28; יַנְחִל Ez 46:18; 2 ms. sf. תַּנְחִילָנָּה Dt 31:7 + 5 times Impf.; Inf. cstr. הַנְחִיל Is 49:8 Pr 8:21; בְּהַנְחֵל Dt 32:8 (on form cf. Ew§ 238 d Köi 315 Ges§ 53 k; read בְּהַנְחִל?); sf. הַנְחִילוֹ Dt 21:16; Pt. מַנְחִיל Dt 12:10;— 1. give as a possession: a. land of Canaan (given by י׳ or his servants), acc. pers. et rei, Dt 1:38; 3:28; 12:10; 19:3; 31:7 Jos 1:6 (all D), Je 3:18; 12:14. b. various things, acc. pers. et rei, especially blessings, Zc 8:12 1 S 2:8 Pr 8:21; acc. rei Is 49:8; acc. pers. Dt 32:8. 2. cause to inherit, give as an inheritance, c. acc. pers. et rei, Dt 21:16; acc. pers. + מן rei, Ez 46:18; acc. pers. Pr 13:22 ל pers. 1 Ch 28:8. Hoph. Pf. 1 s. הָנְחַלְתּי Jb 7:3 made to possess, c. acc. rei, e.g. months of vanity.

κληρονομ-έω, inherit, with genitive of things, ὥσπερ τῆς οὐσίας, οὕτω καὶ τῆς φιλίας τῆς πατρικῆς κ. Refs 5th c.BC+, etc.: absolutely, Refs 1st c.BC+ __2 acquire, obtain, τὴν ἐπ᾽ ἀσεβείᾳ δόξαν LXX+2nd c.BC+; τὴν γῆν receive possession of the promised land, Palestine,LXX (also, obtain all that God has promised,LXX+NT; obtain salvation, ζωὴν αἰώνιον NT __II to be an inheritor or heir, τινος of a person, Refs 2nd c.AD+: more frequently τινα, LXX+2nd c.BC+:—passive, to be succeeded in the inheritance, of parents, Refs 1st c.AD+ __III leave an heir behind one, υἱοὺς υἱῶν LXX

† בְּכֹרָה n.f. right of first-born Gn 25:32, 34 (J) Dt 21:17; 1 Ch 5:1, 2; sf. בְּכֹרָתִי Gn 27:36 (JE); בְּכֹרָתְךָ Gn 25:31 (J); בְּכֹרָתוֹ Gn 25:33; 43:33 (J) 1 Ch 5:1.