Gain and Greed

περισσός, Attic dialect περιττός, ή, όν, (from περί, as ἔπισσαι from ἐπί, μέτασσαι from μετά) beyond the regular number or size, prodigious, δῶρα Refs 8th c.BC+; στάθμα, uncertain meaning, see at {ἕλκω} Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 out of the common, extraordinary, strange, ἔ τι περισσὸν εἰδείη if he has any signal knowledge, Refs 6th c.BC+; εἴ τι φρονεῖς καί τι περισσὸν ἔχεις Philisc.Refs 5th c.BC+; ἴδια καὶ π. Refs 4th c.BC+; πρᾶξις π. Refs; τί π. ποιεῖτ; NT+4th c.BC+; συνανθρωπίζον.. πάντων περισσότατον, of the dog, Refs 4th c.BC+; in Literature, striking, τὸ περιττόν, as a quality of οἱ τοῦ Σωκράτους λόγοι, Refs 4th c.BC+; τὰ σοφὰ καὶ τὰ π. refinements, Refs 4th c.BC+; opposed to κοινὸς καὶ δημώδης, Refs 3rd c.AD+ (but also, elaborate, π. καὶ πεποιημένος Refs; in bad sense, far-fetched, Refs 1st c.BC+ __3 of persons, extraordinary, remarkable, especially for great learning, π. ὢν ἀνήρ Refs 5th c.BC+; δυστυχεῖς εἶναι τοὺς π. Refs 4th c.BC+: frequently with the manner added, π. κατὰ φιλοσοφίαν Refs; περὶ τὸν ἄλλον βίον περιττότερος somewhat extravagant or eccentric, Refs; τῇ φύσει π. Refs 1st c.AD+: with infinitive, Refs 1st c.BC+ __4 with genitive, περισσὸς ἄλλων πρός τι beyond others in.., Refs 5th c.BC+; θύσει τοῦδε περισσότερα greater things than this, Refs 2nd c.AD+one greater than.., NT __II more than sufficient, superfluous, αἱ π. δαπάναι Refs 5th c.BC+; περιττὸν ἔχειν to have a surplus, Refs; οἱ μὲν.. περιττὰ ἔχουσιν, οἱ δὲ οὐδὲ τὰ ἀναγκαῖα.. Refs more than sufficient, Refs the reserve horse, Refs; π. σκηναί spare tents, Refs their superior numbers, Refs; τὸ π. the surplus, residue, Inscription cited in [same work]Refs the advantage of the Jew, NT; Ἁρπυιῶν τὰ π. their leavings, Refs 1st c.AD+; τὸ π. τῆς ἡμέρας the remainder of the day, Refs 2nd c.AD+; π. γράμματα supplementary provisions in a will, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II.2 in bad sense, superfluous, useless, οὐδέ τι τοῦ παντὸς κενεὸν πέλει οὐδὲ π. Refs 5th c.BC+; μόχθος π. Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 excessive, extravagant, μηχανᾶσθαι περισσά commit extravagances, Refs 5th c.BC+; περισσὰ δρᾶν, πράσσειν, to be over-busy, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. φρονεῖν to be over-wise, Refs 5th c.BC+; μῆκος πολὺ λόγων π. Refs; redundant, overdone, οἱ καρτεροὶ καὶ π. λόγοι Refs; of dress, ἐσθὴς π. NT+1st c.AD+; τοῦ τὰ δέοντ᾽ ἔχειν περιττὰ μισῶ I hate extravagance in comparison with moderation, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II.4 of persons, over-wise, over-curious, περισσὸς καὶ φρονῶν μέγα Refs 5th c.BC+; ὁ πολυπράγμων καὶ π. Refs 2nd c.BC+; τὴν περὶ τὸ σῶμα θεραπείαν ἀκριβὴς καὶ π. Refs 1st c.AD+; so, of speakers, π. ἐν τοῖς λόγοις Δημοσθένης Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.5 as a term of praise, subtle, acute, ἀκριβὴς καὶ π. διάνοια Refs 4th c.BC+ __III Arith., ἀριθμὸς π. an odd, uneven number, opposed to ἄρτιος, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ π. καὶ τὸ ἄρτιον the nature of odd and even, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. χῶραι the odd places in a verse, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __IV περισσότεροι more in number, extra, Carnead. cited in Refs 2nd c.AD+ __V περιττόν, τό, ={στρύχνος μανικός, θρύον}Refs 4th c.BC+ __B adverb περισσῶς extraordinarily, exceedingly, θεοσεβέεες π. ἐόντες Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐπαινέσεται π. Refs 5th c.BC+; π. παῖδας ἐκδιδάσκεσθαι to have them educated overmuch, Refs; περιττοτέρως τῶν ἄλλων far above all others, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.2 remarkably, περισσότερον τῶν ἄλλων θάψαι τινά more sumptuously, Refs 5th c.BC+; περιττότατα ἔχειν to be most remarkable, Refs 4th c.BC+; περισσότατα ἀνθρώπων θρησκεύειν in the most singular way, Refs 2nd c.AD+; ἡδέως καὶ π. in an uncommon manner, Refs 1st c.BC+; εἰπεῖν στρογγύλως καὶ π. Refs; ἰδίως καὶ π. Refs 1st c.AD+; τὰ καινῶς ἱστορούμενα καὶ π. Refs __B.3 abundantly, ἐχέτω π. τῆς κρόκης Refs 4th c.AD+ __B.4 with a negative, οὐδὲν περισσὸν τούτων nothing more than or beyond these, Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐδὲν π. ἢ εἰ.. no otherwise than if.., Refs; περισσόν alone, furthermore, LXX __B.5 τὰ περισσά in vain, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __B.II ἐκ περιττοῦ superfluously, uselessly, Refs 5th c.BC+; but ὑπερέχειν ἐκ π. to be far superior, Refs; ἡ κάμινος ἐκαύθη ἐκ π. LXX+2nd c.AD+

† בֶ֫צַע n.m. gain made by violence, unjust gain, profit—בֶּ֫צַע Gn 37:26 + 7 times (cstr. Ju 5:19 +); בָּ֑צַע Ex 18:21 + 7 times; sf. בִּצְעֶ֑ךָ Je 22:17; בִּצְעֵךְ Je 51:13 Ez 22:13; בִּצְעוֹ Is 56:11; 57:17; בִּצְעָם Ez 33:31 Mi 4:13;—gain made by violence (nearly = plunder) Ju 5:19 Mi 4:13; more generally, unjust gain Ex 18:21 1 S 8:3 ψ 119:36 Pr 28:16 Is 33:15; 56:11; 57:17 Je 22:17; 51:13 Ez 22:13; 33:31; as acc. cogn. c. בָּצַע Pr 1:19; 15:27 Je 6:13; 8:10 Ez 22:27 Hb 2:9; profit (with selfish suggestion) מה־ב׳ Gn 37:26 Mal 3:14 cf. ψ 30:10 Jb 22:3.

† [בָּצַע] vb. cut off, break off, gain by violence (so NH, Arabic بَضَعَ, Ethiopic በጽዐ Aramaic בְּצַע)— Qal Impf. יִבְצָ֑ע Jb 27:8, יִבְצָ֑עוּ Jo 2:8; Imv. sf. בְּצַ֫עַם בְּרֹאשׁ (K3) Am 9:1; Inf. בְּצֹעַ Ez 22:27; Pt. בּוֹצֵעַ Pr 15:27 Je 6:13, בֹּצֵעַ ψ 10:3 + 3 times;—cut off, break off (c. acc. capitals of pillars) Am 9:1 (but LagProv. v, vi בְּצַעַם = בְּזַעַם Hb 3:12 in wrath); so fig. Jb 27:8 when Eloah cutteth off, draweth out, his soul; obj. om. their course, i.e. stop Jo 2:8 (cf. Hi-St); usually gain by violence or in gen. wrongfully Ez 22:27; Pt. abs. ψ 10:3 = greedy getter, robber; & c. acc. cogn. בֶּ֫צַע Pr 1:19; 15:27 Je 6:13; 8:10 Hb 2:9. Pi. Pf. בִּצַּע La 2:17; Impf. יְבַצַּע Is 10:12; sf. יְבַצְּעֵנִי Is 38:12 Jb 6:9; 2 fs. וַתְּבַצְּעִי Ez 22:12; 3 fpl תְּבַצָּ֑עְנָה Zc 4:9;—cut off, (dis)sever (i.e. from life) Jb 6:9 cf. Is 38:12 (מִדַּלָּה); = finish, complete Is 10:12 Zc 4:9; accomplish (= carry out, fulfil) La 2:17 (obj. אמרתו); violently make gain of, obj. pers. Ez 22:12 (instr. בּעשׁק).

† יִתְרוֹן n.[m.] advantage, profit, only Ec;—abs. Ec 1:3 + 4 times; cstr. Ec 2:13 + 4 times;—advantage to (ל) any one, מַה־יִתְרוֹן לָאָדָם Ec 1:3, i.e. what advantage hath a man? 5:15; 10:11; sq. מִן compar. = advantage beyond, more than 2:13(×2); cstr. יִתְדוֹן הָעוֹשֶׂה 3:9 advantage of (for) him that worketh; יִתְרוֹן אֶרֶץ 5:8; יִתְרוֹן דַּעַת 7:12 advantage of knowledge; וְיִתְרוֹן הַכְשֵׁיר חָכְמָה Ec 10:10 an advantage for giving success is wisdom; abs. אֵין יִתְרוֹן תַּחַת הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ Ec 2:11.

ἐργᾰσ-ία, Ionic dialect -ιη, Cretan dialect ϝεργασία Refs work, business, Refs, etc.; opposed to ἀργία, Refs 5th c.BC+ productive labour, Refs 5th c.BC+ if no work was done, Refs 4th c.BC+ with infinitive, Latin da operam ut.., NT.Luke.12.58, compare Refs 6th c.BC+ __2 function, Refs 2nd c.AD+. __II working at, making, manufacture, ἱματίων, ὑποδημάτων, etc., Refs 6th c.BC+; making up of a prescription, Refs 5th c.BC+ taken in the part wrought by thy hands, Refs 5th c.BC+ production of pleasure, Refs 5th c.BC+ money-making, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.2 working of a material, Refs 5th c.BC+; χαλκοῦ, ἐρίων, ξύλων, Refs 5th c.BC+: most commonly, tillage of the ground, ἐ. γῆς, χώρας, Refs 6th c.BC+; ἐ. περὶ τὴν τροφήν preparation (i.e. mastication and digestion) of food, Refs 4th c.BC+; treatment of silphium, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.3 generally, trade, business, Refs 5th c.BC+ engaged in trade by sea, Refs 4th c.BC+ the banking business, Refs 2nd c.AD+ dyers by trade, Refs 2nd c.AD+; especially of a courtesan's trade, Refs 5th c.BC+; of sexual intercourse, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.3.b ἐὰν ἐργασίαν εὕρῃ ὁ οἰκέτης if a slave brings in earnings, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.4 practising, exercising, Refs 6th c.BC+. __II.5 work of art, production, τετράγωνος ἐ., of the Hermae, Refs 5th c.BC+ the fortification works, Refs __II.6 literary execution, Refs 1st c.BC+; elaboration of a topic, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.7 production of a play, Refs 4th c.BC+ __III guild or company of workmen, ἡ ἐ. τῶν βαφέωνRefs; ἐριοπλυτῶν Refs

ἅρπαξ, ᾰγος, ὁ, ἡ, (ἁρπάζω) robbing, rapacious, Refs 5th c.BC+: also with substantive neuter, ἅρπαγι χείλειRefs: superlative ἁρπαγίστατοςRefs 5th c.BC+ __II mostly as substantive, __II.1 ἅρπαξ, ἡ, rapine, Refs 8th c.BC+ __II.2 ἅρπαξ, ὁ, robber, peculator, τῶν δημοσίωνRefs 5th c.BC+; πάντες εἰσὶν ἅρπαγες (i.e. οἱ Ὠρώπιοι) Refs __II.3 species of wolf, Refs 3rd c.AD+ __II.4 grappling-iron, used in sea-fights, Refs 4th c.BC+; flesh-hook, Refs 1st c.AD+

πλεονέκτ-ης, ου, ὁ, ={ὁ πλέον ἔχων}, one who has or claims more than his due, greedy, grasping, Refs 5th c.BC+ adjective λόγος π. a greedy, arrogant speech, Refs 5th c.BC+: superlative πλεονεκτίστατος Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 ἐν παντὶ πλεονέκτην τῶν πολεμίων making gain from their losses, Refs __3 metaphorically in in Mathematics texts, of τὸ ὑπερτελές, Refs 4th c.AD+

κέρδος, εος, τό, gain, profit, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐνόησεν ὅππως κ. ἔῃ how some advantage can be gained, what is best to be done, Refs 8th c.BC+; ποιέεσθαί τι ἐν κέρδεϊ, with infinitive, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅτι.. Refs 5th c.BC+; μέγ᾽ ἐστὶ κ., ἢν.. Refs; participle, πᾶν κ. ἡγοῦ ζημιουμένη φυγῇ Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. ἐστί μοι, with infinitive, τί δῆτ᾽ ἐμοὶ ζῆν κ.; Refs 4th c.BC+; τί κ. ἦν αὐτῷ διαβάλλειν ἐμ; Refs 5th c.BC+: plural, gains, profits, περιβαλλόμενος ἑωυτῷ κέρδεα Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ δειλὰ (variant{δεινὰ}) κ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 desire of gain, κέρδει καὶ σοφία δέδεται Refs 5th c.BC+; of persons, ἡμέτερα κ. τῶν σοφῶν (={ἡμῶν τῶν σ}.) you of whom we wise men make gain, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 iron. Refs __II in plural, cunning arts, wiles, ὃς δέ κε κ. εἰδῇ Refs 8th c.BC+; κέρδεσιν, οὔ τι τάχει γε παραφθάμενοςRefs 8th c.BC+; κακὰ κ. βουλεύουσιν 'they mean mischief', Refscerd 'art', 'craft', Welsh cerdd 'craft' or 'music'.)

ὄφελος, τό, (ὀφέλλω B) only in nominative and accusative singular, furtherance, advantage, help, αἴ κ᾽ ὄφελός τι γενώμεθα in case we can be of any use, Refs 8th c.BC+; ὅς τοι πόλλ᾽ ὄ. γένετο who was a help to thee in many matters, Refs; οὐδὲν σοί γ᾽ ὄ. not as any good to thee,; Refs 5th c.BC+; τί ζῆν ὄ. ᾧ μή 'στι τὸ ζῆν εἰδέναι ; Refs 4th c.BC+ __2 with genitive, φυγᾶς ὄ. εἴ τί μοι Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐλευθερίας οὐδὲν ὄ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 ὅ τι πέρ ἐστ᾽ ὄ. ἐν τῇ πόλει all that is best, all the best people, Refs 5th c.BC+ the serviceable part (or perhaps the flower) of the army, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅ τι περ.. ἀπληστίας ὄ. the flower (acme) of gluttony, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __4 with genitive objecti, help against a thing, Refs 2nd c.BC+

† כִּשְׁרוֹן n.[m.] skill, success;— 1. skill, בְּחָכְמָה וּבְדַעַת וּבְכִשְׁר֑וֹן Ec 2:21; cstr. כָּל־כִּשְׁרוֹן הַמַּעֲשֶׂה 4:4 all skill of work = skilful work. 2. success, profit, וּמַה־כִּשְׁרוֹן לִבְעָלֶיהָ Ec 5:10 and what profit have the owners of it?

† מוֹתָר n.m. Pr 14:23 abundance, pre-eminence;— 1. abundance, plenty מוֹתָ֑ר Pr 14:23; 21:5 (in both opp. מַחְסוֹר). 2. 2, מוֹתַר הָאָדָם מִן־הַבְּהֵמָה אָיִן Ec 3:19 the superiority of man over beast is nothing.

αἰσχρο-κερδής, ές, sordidly greedy of gain, Refs 5th c.BC+ adverb -δῶςNT

πορ-ισμός, ὁ, providing, procuring, τῶν ἐπιτηδείων Refs 2nd c.BC+; earning a living, Refs 3rd c.BC+; money-getting, Refs 1st c.AD+; means of gain, NT+4th c.BC+; means of livelihood, Refs 1st c.AD+

ὠφέλ-εια, ἡ, required by the metre (in iambics), Refs 5th c.BC+; whereas ὠφελία is required in Refs 5th c.BC+: the best codices of Refs 5th c.BC+ is found in Refs 5th c.BC+: Ionic dialect ὠφελίη Refs 5th c.BC+:— help, aid, succour, especially in war, ἔπεμπον ἐς τὴν Ἐπίδαμνον.. τὴν ὠ. Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐπάγεσθαί τινας ἐπ᾽ ὠφελίᾳ for aid, Refs; ἀποχρήσασθαι τῇ ἑκατέρου ἡμῶν ὠ. to make full use of the assistance or services we both can give, Refs 1st c.BC+; οὐδὲν ἰατρικῆς δεῖται οὐδ᾽ ὠφελίας or any other aid, Refs 5th c.BC+; καὶ τοῖσιν ἑλκωθεῖσιν ὠφελίαν (ὠφέλειαν codices, unmetrically) ἔχει Refs __II profit, advantage, βούλευμα ἀπ᾽ οὗ.. οὐδεμία ἔμελλε ὠφελίη ἔσεσθαι Refs 5th c.BC+; τὴν κοινὴν ὠ. φυλάξαι the common interest of all, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to βλάβη, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to ζημία, Refs 5th c.BC+ their utility, Refs 5th c.BC+ for their benefit, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὠφελίας ἕνεκα Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐν ὠ. ἐστί 'tis of use, Refs 5th c.BC+; after ὠφελεῖν,compare ὠφελέω Refs __II.2 source of gain or profit, service, frequently in plural, τὰς ὠ. τὰς ἐκ τῆς στρατείας.. ἐσομένας Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 especially gain made in war, spoil, booty, LXX+2nd c.BC+; ὠ. μεγάλαι καὶ λάφυρα Refs 2nd c.BC+; τίθεσθαι τὰ χρήματα δι᾽ ὠφελείας to regard as booty, Refs 1st c.BC+; so in the chase, game, Refs 5th c.BC+; so of a thief, ὠ. ἑτοίμην καὶ κατειργασμένην ἀφῆκεν Refs 5th c.BC+ 'to increase the οἶκος᾽; compare ὄφελος.)

† [נִפְקָה] n.f. outlay;—emph. נִפְקְתָא Ezr 6:4, 8.