Female Servant Slave

† I. נַעֲרָה n.f. girl, damsel;—abs. נ׳ Ju 19:3 + 22 times, also Qr Gn 24:14 + 20 times Gn Dt (נַעֲרָה Kt in Pent. only Dt 22:19, v. infr.); pl. abs. נְעָרוֹת 1 S 9:11 +, cstr. נַעֲרוֹת Est 4:4; sf. נַעֲרוֹתָיו Ru 2:22; 3:2, נַעֲרֹתֶיהָ Gn 24:61; Ex 2:5, etc.;— 1. girl, damsel; נ׳ קְטַנָּה little girl only 2 K 5:2, cf. v 4, perhaps = young daughters Jb 40:29; elsewhere = young woman 1 S 9:11; especially as marriageable, Gn 24:14, 16, 28, 55, 57; 34:3, 12 (all J), Dt 22:15(×2), 16, 19, 20, 21, 24, 26(×2), 29; 1 K 1:3, 4; Est 2:4, 7, 8, 9, 12(×2), 13; specif. virgin נ׳ בְּתוּלָה Ju 21:12; Dt 22:23, 28; 1 K 1:2; Est 2:2, 3 (cf. Dt 22:15b, 20); נ׳ מְאֹרָשָׂה betrothed girl Dt 22:25, 27; young widow Ru 2:6; 4:12; of a concubine Ju 19:3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, a prostitute Am 2:7. 2. of female attendants, maids (always pl.), Gn 24:61 (J), Ex 2:5 (E), 1 S 25:42; Pr 9:3; 27:27; 31:15; Est 2:9(×2); 4:4, 16; gleaner(s) Ru 2:5, 8, 22, 23; 3:2.— Note. נער Kt in Pent. as fem. (Qr נַעֲ֯רָ is prob. not original; it is not found in Sam. Pent., and fpl. נַעֲרֹתֶיהָ occurs Gn Ex; cf. Ges§§ 2 n., 17 c.

† שִׁפְחָה n.f. maid, maid-servant (syn. אָמָה, q.v.; orig. = concubine? cf. √);—abs. שׁ׳ Gn 16:1 +; cstr. שִׁפְחַת v 2 +; sf. שִׁפְחָתִי v 2 +, שִׁפְחָתֶ֑ךָ Ru 2:13, etc.; pl. abs. שְׁפָחוֹת 12:16 +; etc.;— 1. lit., maid, maid-servant, as belonging to a mistress Gn 16:1, 3, 6, 8 (PJ) 29:24, 29 (P) ψ 123:2, Pr 30:23; Is 24:2; even where concubine of master (cf. אָמָה) Gn 16:2, 5 (PJ) 25:12; 35:25, 26 (P) 30:4, 7, 9, 10, 12, 18 (all JE); less often ref. to master 29:24, 29 (J), Ru 2:13, of concubine Gn 32:23, cf. 33:1, 2, 6 (all J); marriageable Lv 19:20 (H, cf. Ex 11:5; not elsewhere in legisl.); in gen., especially of menial service (never אָמָה) Ex 11:5 (J) 1 S 25:41 (opp. אָמָה) 2 S 17:17 (‖ עֶבֶד) Gn 12:16; 24:35 (J) 20:14 (E) 30:43 (P) 32:6 (J; coll.) Dt 28:68; 1 S 8:16; 2 K 5:26; Is 14:2; Je 34:9, 10, 11(×2), 16(×2) Jo 3:2; Ec 2:7; 2 Ch 28:10; Est 7:4. 2. fig. in address, שִׁפְתָֽתְךָ, etc., of speaker, in token of humility (v. אָמָה) Ru 2:13 (‖ אָמָה 3:9), 1 S 1:18 (‖ id. v 16), 25:27 (‖ v 24 f.), 28:21, 22; 2 S 14:6, 7, 12, 15, 17, 19 (‖ אָמָה v 15, 16); 2 K 4:2, 16; not toward God; but v. אָמָה" dir="rtl" >אָמָה.

† אָמָה n.f. maid, handmaid (Ph. אמת, Arabic أَمَةٌ, Sab. אמת in n.pr. Sab.Denkm.20, Aramaic ܐܰܡܬܳܐ Assyrian amtu ZimBP 67)—א׳ abs. Gn 21:10 +; sf. אֲמָתִי Gn 30:3 +, etc.; pl. abs. אֲמָהֹת Gn 31:33 2 S 6:22; cstr. אַמְהוֹת 2 S 6:20; אַמְהֹתַי Jb 19:15 etc.—maid, handmaid. 1. lit. maidservant (= שִׁפְחָה q.v., wh. however sometimes more servile; rarely P in Hex) Gn 30:3; 31:33 (‖ שִׁפְחָה 29:24, 29 P 30:4 f. J etc.) Ex 2:5 (all E); 2 S 6:20, 22 Jb 19:15 Na 2:8 (sf. refers to mistress, except Jb 19:15 cf. 2 S 6:20, 22); in legisl. (‖ עֶבֶד) Ex 20:10, 17; 21:20, 26, 27, 32 (all E) Lv 25:6, 44(×2) (H) Dt 5:14(×2), 18; 12:12, 18; 15:17 (cf. v. 12) 16:11, 14; cf. also Jb 31:13 Ezr 2:65 Ne 7:67; applied to concubine (sf. of master) Gn 20:17; 21:12 Ex 23:12 (all E) Ju 9:18; 19:19; also Gn 21:10(×2), 13 (16:1 f. P שִׁפְחָה q.v.) Ex 21:7 (all E), vid. on this StaGesch. i. p. 380. 2. fig. in address, אֲמָֽתְךָ etc., referring to speaker, in token of humility; Ru 3:9(×2) (‖ שׁפחה 2:13) 1 S 1:16 (‖ id. v 18) 25:24(×2), 25, 28, 31, 41 (‖ id. v 27) 2 S 14:15, 16 (‖ id. v 6, 7, 12, 15, 17, 19); 20:17; 1 K 1:13, 17; 3:20; in addressing God (never שׁפחה) 1 S 1:11(×3), cf. בֶּן־א׳ ψ 86:16; 116:16.

παιδίσκ-η, ἡ, diminutive of παῖς (ἡ), young girl, maiden, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. νέα, of a wife, Refs 1st c.AD+ __II young female slave, bondmaid, NT+5th c.BC+: generally, maidservant, NT; τοὺς παῖδας καὶ τὰς π. NT __II.2 prostitute, Refs 5th c.BC+

σύνδουλ-ος, ὁ, ἡ, fellow-slave, masculine, NT+5th c.BC+; also feminine συνδούλη, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 metaphorically in NT, NT (The statement of Moeris Refs 2nd c.AD+ distinguishes ς. 'slave of the same master' from ὁμόδουλος 'companion in slavery'.)

δοῦλος __A, Cretan dialect δῶλος Refs, ὁ:—properly born bondman or slave, opposed to one made a slave, τὰ ἀνδράποδα πάντα καὶ δοῦλα καὶ ἐλεύθερα Refs 5th c.BC+: then, generally, bondman, slave, opposed to δεσπότης (which see): not in Refs 8th c.BC+, who twice has feminine δούλη, ἡ, bondwoman, Refs 8th c.BC+: frequently of Persians and other nations subject to a despot, Refs 5th c.BC+; οὔ τινος δοῦλοι κέκληνται, of the Greeks, Refs 4th c.BC+ slaves to money, Refs 5th c.BC+; λιχνειῶν, λαγνειῶν, Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.II adjective (not in Refs 4th c.BC+, δοῦλος, η, ον, slavish, servile, subject, δ. πόλις Refs 5th c.BC+; σῶμα δ., opposed to νοῦς ἐλεύθερος, Refs 5th c.BC+; δ. θάνατος, ζυγόν, πούς, Refs 5th c.BC+ more enslaved, Αἴγυπτον δ. ποιεῖν Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.II.2 τὸ δ., ={οἱ δοῦλοι}, Refs 5th c.BC+; also, slavery, a slavish life, Refs __A.II.3 ancillary, δ. ἐπιστῆμαι Refs 4th c.BC+