Fat and Richness

† [פֶּ֫דֶר] n.[m.] suet, of עֹלָה (so Vrss NH: √ unknown);—abs. פָּ֑דֶר Lv 1:8; 8:20; sf. פִּדְרוֹ 1:12.

I. חֵ֫לֶב n.m. Ex 29:13 fat (NH id., fat, so Ph. חלב (prob.); Aramaic ܚܶܠܒܳܐ (also diaphragm in Lexx., v. PS1274) orig. diaphragm, midriff; Arabic خِلْبٌ, incl. midriff-fat, RSSem i. 360);—ח׳ abs. Lv 3:16 + 40 times; cstr. Gn 45:18 + 21 times; sf. חֶלְבּוֹ Lv 3:9 + 6 times; חֶלְבָּהּ Lv 4:31, 35, חֶלְבָּם Nu 18:17, חֶלְבָּ֫מוֹ ψ 17:10, חֶלְבְּהֶ֑ן Lv 8:16, 25 (read n.pl. חלביהן Sam. Di); pl. הַחֲלָבִים Lv 8:26 + 7 times; cstr. חֶלְבֵי Lv 6:5 + 4 times; sf. חֶלְבֵהֶן Gn 4:4 (חלביהן Sam. Di, cf. Lv 8:16, 25 supr.);— 1. fat of human body Ju 3:22 (covering intestines); ח׳גִּבּוֹרִים 2 S 1:22 as smearing warrior’s shield; of grossness of wicked כִּסָּה פָּנָיו בְּחֶלְבּוֹ Jb 15:27; fat (of midriff) fig. of unreceptive heart ח׳ סָֽגְרוּ ψ 17:10, v. also 73:7 (read מֵחֵלֶב עֲוֹנָמוֹ for מחלב עֵינֵמוֹ 𝔊 𝔖 Hi Ew Ol De Che Bae al.); טָפַשׁ כַּח׳ לִבָּם ψ 119:70 i.e. their heart is as unresponsive as the midriff-fat near it. 2. fat of beasts: a. as rich food (poet.) Dt 32:14 and in sim. ψ 63:6 (‖ דֶּשֶׁן); so MT Ez 34:3 (but read הֶחָלָב, v. חָלָב), 39:19 (𝔖 Co בשׂר). b. especially as offered in sacrifice, sg., to י׳ Ex 23:18 (JE), 1 S 2:15, 16 Ex 29:13(×2), 22(×3) Lv 3:3(×2), 4, 9(×3), 10, 14(×2), 15 + 23 times Lv, Nu 18:17 (all P), Lv 17:6 (H), 1 S 15:22 Is 1:11; 43:24 Ez 44:7, 15; v. Is 34:6(×2), 7 of fat of Edomites slaughtered by י׳’s sword (under fig. of lambs, rams, and bulls); as eaten by (strange) gods Dt 32:38; (poet.), not to be eaten by men Lv 3:17; 7:23, 24(×2), 25 (all P); also pl., fat parts or pieces Gn 4:4 (J) Lv 6:5 + 8 times Lv, 1 K 8:64(×2) 2 Ch 7:7(×2); 29:35; 35:14. 3. choicest, best part of products of land Gn 45:18 (E), specif. of oil Nu 18:12 and wine v 12; of corn and oil v 29, 30, 32; also (poet.) ח׳ כִּלְיוֹת חִטָּה Dt 32:14 kidney-fat of wheat (i.e. the very choicest, cf. Is 34:6), ח׳ חִטָּה ψ 81:17, ח׳ חִטִּים 147:14.

† דֶּ֫שֶׁן n.m. fatness, fat ashes—abs. ד׳ ψ 63:6 + 8 times, דָּ֑שֶׁן Lv 1:16 + 3 times; cstr. דֶּשֶׁן ψ 36:9; sf. דִּשְׁנִי Ju 9:9— 1. fatness, abundance, luxuriance, oil, Ju 9:9 (of olive tree); abundance, fertility ψ 63:5 (in simile ‖ חֵלֶב), 65:12, of food and drink, Jb 36:16 Je 31:14; passing over into fig. of spiritual blessing ψ 36:9 (ד׳ ביתך), Is 55:2. 2. fat ashes, i.e. ashes of victims, mixed with the fat Lv 1:16; 4:12(×2); 6:3, 4 (all P) Je 31:40 1 Ki 13:3, 5.

† [פָּדַע] vb. dub., only Imv. ms. sf. פְּדָעֵהוּ Jb 33:24 a meaning like deliver him needed, Codd. Bu Du פְּרָעֵהוּ; פְּדֵהוּ (פדה) Ew Di SS.

παχύν-ω, perfect passive πεπάχυσμαι Refs 4th c.BC+:—fatten, τὰ σώματα Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, grow fat, LXX+5th c.BC+ __b thicken, strengthen, δεσμόν Refs 3rd c.AD+ __2 metaphorically, cause to wax fat, increase, κότον π. Refs 4th c.BC+:—passive, ὄλβος ἄγαν παχυνθείς Refs __2.b metaphorically, make gross or dull, τὰς ψυχὰς ὑπὸ πλης μονῆς π. Refs 1st c.AD+; βρώσεις τὸν νοῦν π. Refs 2nd c.AD+“V A” 1.8:— passive, LXX+2nd c.AD+; to be coarsened, [ψυχὴ] παρὰ τὴν ἰδίαν φύσιν πεπαχυμμένη Refs 2nd c.AD+in R.1.119 K. __II passive, become thick, π. πρὸς τὸν ἥλιον, of the skull, Refs 5th c.BC+; of humours, Refs 5th c.BC+; of excrements, Refs 4th c.BC+; distinguished from πήγνυσθαι, Refs; of fruit juices, become concentrated, Refs 4th c.BC+; of oil, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II.2 to be dulled, of the sun's light, Refs 2nd c.AD+

† [פֶּ֫דֶר] n.[m.] suet, of עֹלָה (so Vrss NH: √ unknown);—abs. פָּ֑דֶר Lv 1:8; 8:20; sf. פִּדְרוֹ 1:12.

† אַשְׁמַנִּים (elative, Ges§ § 85b, 133a; on נּ v. Id. §§ 20a, 93ee) appar. n.[m.]pl. בָּא׳ כַּמֵּתִים Is 59:10 perhaps: (we are) among the stout (RV lusty) like dead men, cf. Di-Kit; or abstr. in (actual) vigour (Buhl) > AV (after Jos Ki from אָשַׁם Ho 14:1 ‘be desolate’) in desolate places (other conj. v. CheHpt Marti).

† II. [בָּרָא] vb. be fat (Arabic بَرِئَ be free from disease, debt; v. מרא)— Hiph. Inf. לְהַבְרִיאֲכֶם 1 S 2:29 to make yourselves fat.

† [פֶּ֫דֶר] n.[m.] suet, of עֹלָה (so Vrss NH: √ unknown);—abs. פָּ֑דֶר Lv 1:8; 8:20; sf. פִּדְרוֹ 1:12.

† פִּימָה n.f. superabundance (of fat);—פ׳ Jb 15:27 (‖ חֶלְבּוֹ).