Eating and Consuming

אָכַל806 vb. eat (Aramaic أَكَلَ, As. akâlu DlW, Aramaic אֲכַל, ܐܶܟܰܠ )— Qal Pf. אָכַל Ex 34:28 +; אָֽכְלָה Nu 21:28 +, etc. Impf. יֹאכַל Gn 49:27 +; וַיֹּא֫כַל Gn 25:34 +; וַיֹּאכַ֑ל Gn 3:6 +; יֹאכֵ֑ל Lv 21:22 +; אֹכַל Gn 24:33 +; וָֽאֹכַ֫ל 27:33; וְאֹכֵ֑ל Is 44:19; וָֽאֹכֵל Gn 3:12, 13; 3 pl. יֹאכְלוּ Gn 32:33 +; יֹאכֵ֑לוּ Dt 18:8 +; etc. (for יוֹכְלוּ Ez 42:5 rd. יוצלו, יאצלו 𝔊 Ew Co); sf. יֹאכְלֶנּוּ Lv 7:6 +; תֹּאכַלְכֶם Is 33:11, etc., prob. also תְּאָכְלֵהוּ Jb 20:26, either as secondary form fr. תֹּא׳ (Ew§ 253 Di) or text. error (Ges§ 68. 1) > Pi., Thes KöI, 389; or Poʿel, Ki De MV; Imv. אֱכוֹל 1 K 18:41 +, etc.; Inf. abs. אָכוֹל Gn 2:16 +; cstr. אֲכֹל Nu 26:10 + 2 textual; לֶאֱכֹל Gn 24:33 +; לְאָכְלָה Je 12:9; Pt. אֹכֵל (אוֹכֵל) Gn 39:6 +, אֹכֶלֶת Ex 24:17 +, etc.— 1. eat, human subject Gn 3:11, 18 + oft.; mostly c. acc. Ex 16:35 +; also sq. מִן־ (eat of,—some of,—or from) Ex 34:15 Ru 2:14 +; sq. בְּ (eat of or at) Ex 12:43 f; abs. Dt 2:6 +; as act of worship Gn 31:54 (cf. 46:1) Ex 18:12; 24:11; 34:15 Dt 12:7, 18; 14:23, 26 Ju 9:27 +; of priests Ex 29:32 Lv 10:13 +; cf. אָכַל" dir="rtl" >אָכַל אֶל־הֶהָרִים Ez 18:6, 11, 15; 22:9 + 33:25 עַל־הַדָּם Co עַל־הֶהָרִים; (but RSRel. Sem.. i. 324 N would emend first 4 by last); eat up, finish eating Gn 43:2 (c. כלה) 1 K 13:28 +; אָכַל לֶחֶם = take a meal Gn 43:25 Ex 2:20 1 S 20:24 Je 41:1 +; so א׳ alone Gn 43:16 1 S 20:5 +; א׳ לֶחֶם = eat, get food Gn 3:19 2 K 4:8 +; Am 7:12 (i.e. spend one’s life) cf. Ec 5:16; לֹא א׳ ל׳ i.e. fast 1 S 28:20; 30:12 Ezr 10:6 cf. Dn 10:3; fig. א׳ אֶת־בְּשָׂרוֹ Ec 4:5 (i.e. waste away); eat words Je 15:16 (i.e. eagerly receive); of adultery, Pr 30:20 אָֽכְלָה וּמָֽחֲתָה פִּ֑יהָ וְאָֽמְרָה לֹא־פָעַלְתִּי אָֽוֶן׃; eat (taste) good fortune, א׳ בַּטּוֹבָה Jb 21:25; לְפִי אָכְלוֹ according to his eating, i.e. acc. to his needs in eating Ex 12:4; 16:16, 18 also v 21; cf. Jb 20:21 & sub אָכְלָה; אָכַל הַפְּרִי 2 K 19:29 Am 9:14, of peaceful enjoyment of results of labour; fig. of receiving consequences of action, good or bad Pr 1:31; 18:21 Ho 10:13 cf. וַיֹּאכַל גַּם־אָכוֹל אֶת־כַּסְפֵּנוּ Gn 31:15 i.e. he has reaped all the benefit, cf. Ho 7:9; fig. of mourner, אֵפֶר כַּלֶּחֶם אָכָ֑לְתִּי ψ 102:10 (cf. 80:6 Hiph., & As. akâl al âkul, bikîtum kurmatî = food I ate not, weeping (was) my refreshment HptASKT 166 f. Obv. l, 21, 22 ZimBP 34, 42); of gods, partaking of sacrifices Dt 32:38; fig. = destroy Dt 7:16 (cf. Nu 14:9); cf. Je 10:25; 30:16; 50:7 Ho 7:7. 2. of beasts, birds, etc., eat, devour; Gn 37:20, 33; 40:17, 19 1 K 13:28; 14:11; 16:4; 21:23, 24 Ho 2:14 +; specif. of locusts Jo 1:4; 2:25 2 Ch 7:13 cf. Am 4:9; moth Jb 13:28; flies ψ 78:45; worms Dt 28:39; also Ez 19:3, 6 (of Isr. under fig. of lion), cf. Je 50:7, 17; 51:34; also Ho 13:8 (of י׳ under fig. of lion), Ez 22:25 (נֶפֶשׁ אָכָ֑לוּ, of false proph. under fig. of lion). 3. fig. of fire, devour, consume Lv 6:3 (sq. 2 acc. consume offering to ashes) Na 3:13 Is 5:24 (in sim.), partic. of fire fr. י׳ Lv 10:2; 16:25 Ju 9:15 f 1 K 18:38 2 K 1:10, 12, 14 2 Ch 7:1; cf. Am. 1:4, 7, 10, 12, 14; 2:2, 5; 5:6 +; Dt 5:22 of fire at Sinai; of י׳ as fire (in judgment) Dt 4:24 כִּי י׳ אֱלֹהֶיךָ אֵשׁ אֹכְלָה הוּא cf. Dt 9:3 Is 10:17 (‖ בּער) 30:27, 30; 33:14 (‖ מוֹקְדֵי עוֹלָם). 4. of sword, devour, slay Dt 32:42 2 S 2:26; 11:25; 18:8 Ho 11:6 Je 2:30 12:12; cf. of devastation of land Is 1:7 Je 8:16. 5. in genl. devour, consume, destroy (inanim. subj.) of drought Gn 31:40; of pestilence Ez 7:15; of forest 2 S 18:8; cf. Lv 26:38 וְאָֽכְלָה אֶתְכֶם אֶרֶץ אֹיְבֵיכֶם; of הַבֹּשֶׁת Je 3:24 (v. בֹּשֶׁת). 6. fig. of oppression, devour the poor, etc. Pr 30:14 Hb 3:14 cf. ψ 14:4; of bitter enmity לֶאֱכֹל אֶת־בְּשָׂרִי ψ 27:2. (cf. Jb 19:22). †Niph. Pf. וְנֶאֱכַל cons. Ex 22:5 Impf. יֵאָכֵל Gn 6:21 +; וַיֵּאָכֵ֫ל Nu 12:12 etc.; Inf. abs. הֵאָכֹל Lv 7:18; 19:7; Pt. f. נֶאֱכֶ֫לֶת Lv 11:47;— 1. be eaten by man Ex 12:46; 13:3, 7; 21:28; 29:34 Lv 6:9, 16, 19, 23; 7:6, 15, 16(×2), 18; 11:41; 19:6, 7, 23; 22:30 Nu 28:17 Ez 45:21; of custom, usage Gn 6:21 Ex 12:16 Dt 12:22 Jb 6:6; of permission to eat Lv 7:19; 11:13, 34, 47(×2); 17:13; c. neg. be uneatable Je 24:2, 3, 8; 29:17. 2. be devoured by fire, consumed Zp 1:18; 3:8 Zc 9:4 Ez 23:25. 3. be wasted, destroyed, of flesh Nu 12:12 Je 30:16. Pu. Pf. אֻכְּלוּ be consumed with fire Ne 2:3, 13 cf. Na 1:10 (fig.); so Pt. אֻכָּל (= מְאֻכָּל Ew§ 169 d) Ex 3:2; by sword Is 1:20 תְּאֻכְּלוּ. †Hiph. Pf. 2 ms. sf. הֶאֱכַלְתָּם ψ 80:6, וְהַאֲכַלְתִּ֫י Is 49:26; sf. וְהַאֲכַלְתִּיךָ cons. Is 58:14; הֶאֱכַלְתִּיךְ Ez 16:19; וְהַאֲכַלְתִּים cons. Je 19:9; Impf. sf. יַאֲכִלֵנוּ Nu 11:4, 18, etc.; 2 ms. js. תַּאֲכֵל Eze 3:3; 1 s. אוֹכִיל Ho 11:4(?); Imv. הַאֲכִילֵהוּ Pr 25:21. etc.; Inf. לִהָכִיל Ez 21:33 (but Co לההל); Pt. מַאֲכִיל Je 23:15, etc.;— 1. cause to eat, feed with, sq. 2 acc. subj. mostly י׳; Ex 16:32 Dt 8:3, 16 Ez 3:2 Je 19:9; abs. Ho 11:4; cf. Nu 11:4, 18; fig. Je 9:14; 23:15 Is 49:26; 58:14 Ez 16:19; also ψ 80:6 הֶאֱכַלְתָּם לֶחֶם דִּמְעָ֑ה (cf. 102:10 Qal supr.); sq. acc. pers. + מן ψ 81:17, but also subj. man Pr 25:21; 1 K 22:27 2 Ch 18:26 וְהַאֲכִלֻהוּ לֶהֶם לַ֫חַץ of prison fare; sq. acc. pers. only 2 Ch 28:15, cf. Ez 3:3. 2. cause to devour, obj. sword Ez 21:23 (but on text vid. Co).

φᾰγεῖν, infinitive of ἔφαγον, with no present in use (except in late Gr., φαγεῖ Refs; φαγέοις in editions of Refs 1st c.AD+, used as aorist 2 of ἐσθί; later 1st pers. plural ἐφάγαμεν LXXfuture is φάγομαι,LXX+NT; 2nd pers. singular φάγεσαι LXX+NT; future φαγήσω is see uncertain in Refs 4th c.AD+:—eat, devour, both of men and beasts, frequently in Refs 8th c.BC+: with genitive, eat of a thing, LXX+8th c.BC+ __II eat up, devour, squander, Refs 8th c.BC+ and Sanskrit bhájati 'apportion, (middle) enjoy'.)

ἐσθίω (compare ἔσθω, ἔδω, the latter of which is the radical form, and supplies future and perfect of ἐσθίω), imperfect ἤσθιον Refs 8th c.BC+future ἔδομαι (old present subjunctive of non-thematic stem) Refs 8th c.BC+, etc.; ἐδοῦμαι late, (προκατ-) Refs 2nd c.AD+: perfect ἐδήδοκα Refs 5th c.BC+; Epic dialect participle ἐδηδώς, -υῖα, Refs 8th c.BC+: pluperfect ἐδηδόκειν Refs 2nd c.AD+ —middle, aorist 1 ἠδεσάμην (κατ-) Refs 2nd c.AD+:—passive, ἐσθίομαι Refs 8th c.BC+aorist 1 ἠδέσθην variant in Refs 5th c.BC+perfect ἐδήδεσμαι (κατ-) Refs 5th c.BC+; Epic dialect 3rd.pers. singular ἐδήδοται Refs 8th c.BC+ — The aorist 2 and later also the future are supplied by φαγ- (see. φαγεῖν); in Ionic dialect and Hellenistic Greek the perfect is βέβρωκα βέβρωμαι, aorist passive ἐβρώθη; in late Greek the present is τρώγω:—eat, ἐσθιέμεν καὶ πινέμεν Refs 8th c.BC+; τὰ ἐσθίοντα ἐν στρατιᾷ the ration-strength, Refs 8th c.BC+eat of.., Refs 5th c.BC+; of animals, devour, ἤσθιε δ᾽ ὥς τε λέων ὀρεσίτροφος Refs 8th c.BC+; consume, βίοτον καὶ κτήματ᾽ ἔδονται Refs 8th c.BC+ —passive, ἐσθίεταί μοι οἶκος my house is eaten up, I am eaten out of house and home,Refs __2 metaphorically, πάντας πῦρ ἐσθίει the fire devours all, Refs 8th c.BC+; of an eating sore, Refs 4th c.BC+ —passive, ὀδόντες ἐσθιόμενοι decayed teeth, Refs 4th c.BC+; ἐσθιόμενα eroded parts of the bowel, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 fret, vex, ἐ. ἑαυτόν Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐ. τὴν χελύνην ὑπ᾽ ὀργῆς to bite the lip,Refs 4th c.BC+ __4 take in one's mouth, γλῶτταν αὐλοῦ Refs 2nd c.AD+

† נָשַׁךְ vb. bite (NH = BH, but also transp. נְכַשׁ Hiph.); Assyrian našâku DlHWB 486; 𝔗 נְכֵית (especially of snakes); Syriac ܢܟܰܬ, ܢܟܶܬ; Ethiopic ነሰከ Di 642; BaZMG xliii (1889), 188 cp. Arabic نَكَثَ, undo threads, untwist rope, disintegrate, dissolve);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. נָשַׁךְ Nu 21:9, sf. וּנְשָׁכוֹ consec. Am 5:19, וּנְשָׁכָם consec. 9:3; Impf. 3 ms. יִשֹּׁךְ Ec 10:11, יִשֹּׁ֑ךְ Pr 23:32, sf. יִשְּׁכֶנּוּ Ec 10:8; Pt. act. נֹשֵׁךְ Gn 49:17; pl. נֹשְׁכִים Mi 3:5, sf. נֹשְׁכֶיךָ Hb 2:7; pass. נָשׁוּךְ Nu 21:8;—bite, chiefly of serpent, c. acc., Am 5:19; 9:3 Gn 49:17 (poem in J), Nu 21:8 (pt. pass., abs.), v 9, Ec 10:8 also v 11 (abs.), Pr 23:32 (sim. of wine); fig. of prophets הַנּ׳ בְּשִׁנֵּיהֶם Mi 3:5 who are biting with their teeth, and crying, Peace! fig. of oppression, etc., נֹשְׁכֶיךָ Hb 2:7 (with play on sense thy debtors, those that give thee interest). Pi. Pf. 3 pl. וְנִשְּׁכוּ אֶתְכֶם Je 8:17 and they shall bite you fatally (fig.); Impf. 3 mpl. וַיְנַשְּׁכוּ אֶת־הָעָם Nu 21:6 and they bit the people fatally (both of serpents).

βρῶσις, εως, ἡ, Epic dialect βρώσ-ιος Refs 8th c.BC+: (βιβρώσκω):— meat, opposed to πόσις, Refs 8th c.BC+ __2 pasture, προβάτων Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II eating, παίδων Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 taste, flavour, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __II.3 corrosion, rust, NT; decay, Refs 2nd c.AD+

† [אֲכַל] vb. eat, devour (BH);— Pe. Pf. 3 mpl. אֲכַ֫לוּ Dn 3:8; 6:25; Impf. 3 ms. יֵאכֻל 4:30; 3 fs. תֵּאכֻל 7:23; Imv. fs. אֲכֻ֫לִי v 5; Pt. fs. אָֽכְלָה v 7, 19;— 1. eat, of beast, Dn 4:30 (acc. rei). 2. devour, of beast in vision, 7:5 (acc. rei), abs. v 7, 19; hence fig. of kingdom, devour, devastate, v 23 (acc. of earth). 3. in phr. א׳ קַרְצֵיהוֹן 3:8 eat their pieces, i.e. slander them, cf.6:25 (v. קְרַץ).

† I. בָּרָה vb. eat (Assyrian barû & deriv. ZimBP 31) Qal Pf. 2 S 12:17 בָּרָה; Impf. אֶבְרֶה 2 S 13:6, 10 eat bread (בְּרוּ־לָכֶם 1 S 17:8 scribal error for בחדו לכם 1 K 18:25 DrSm 107). Pi. Inf. לְבָרוֹת La 4:10 for devouring. Hiph. Impf. תַּבְרֵנִי 2 S 13:5; Inf. לְהַבְרוֹת 2 S 3:35 cause to eat bread.

τρώγω, Refs 8th c.BC+: future τρώξομαι Refs 5th c.BC+aorist 1 ἔτρωξα (κατ-) Refs 5th c.BC+aorist 2 ἔτρᾰγον, 3rd.pers. singular subjunctive τράγῃ Refs 5th c.BC+ —passive, perfect τέτρωγμαι (δια-) Refs 5th c.BC+, (παρεν-) Refs 4th c.BC+:—gnaw, nibble, munch, especially of herbivorous animals, as mules, τ. ἄγρωστιν Refs 8th c.BC+; of swine, ἐρεβίνθους τ. Refs 5th c.BC+; of cattle, τὸν θαλλόν, κόμαρον τ., Refs 3rd c.BC+; rarely of dogs, Εὐριπίδην ἔτρωγον Refs 3rd c.BC+; of human beings in disease, λίθους τε καὶ γῆν τρώγουσι Refs 5th c.BC+ __II of men, eat vegetables or fruit, τοὺς γενομένους [κυάμους] οὔτε τρώγουσι οὔτε ἕψοντες πατέονται Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ κάτω [τῆς βύβλουRefs 5th c.BC+; of dessert, eat fruits, as figs, almonds, etc., Refs 5th c.BC+; ἴτρια, μελίπηκτα, Refs 6th c.BC+; of small fish as hors-d'oeuvres, κἀν ποίᾳ πόλει τοσοῦτος [ὢν] τὸ μέγεθος ἰχθῦς τρώγετα; Refs 5th c.BC+ drink and eat dessert, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, τρώγεται ἁπαλὰ ταῦτα καὶ αὖα Refs 5th c.BC+ __III later, simply eat, serving as present to ἔφαγον instead of ἐσθίω, ὁ τρώγων μου τὴν σάρκα καὶ πίνων μου τὸ αἷμα LXX+NT when cited in NT; δύο τρώγομεν ἀδελφοί is uncertain reading in Refs 2nd c.BC+; ἡ νὺξ τὴν ἡμέραν τ. (of a black man eating white bread) Diog.Cyn. cited in Refs 4th c.AD+; ψυχρὰ τρώγοντα κατακαίεσθαι Refs; this usage is mentioned by Refs 9th c.AD+

† II. [לָחַם] vb. use as food, eat, poet. (so Thes Buhl, cf. Frä30 GuidiDella Sede 33; this would explain diff. between לֶחֶם and لَحْمٌ; yet verb rare and chiefly late);— Qal Pf. 3 pl. לָֽחֲמוּ Pr 4:17; Impf. 2 ms. תִּלְחַם Pr 23:6, 1 s. אֶלְחַם ψ 141:4; Imv. mpl. לַחֲמוּ Pr 9:5; Inf. cstr. לְחוֹם Pr 23:1; Pt. pass. pl. cstr. לְחֻמֵי Dt 32:24; eat (mostly Pr), abs. Pr 23:1; sq. acc. cogn. לֶחֶם 4:17; 23:6; sq. בְּלַחְמִי 9:5; sq. בְּמַנְעַמֵּיהֶם ψ 141:4 eat of their dainties; לְחֻמ��י רֶשֶׁף Dt 32:24 (poem) eaten up with the Fire-bolt, fig. of pestilence (Dr).

ἀνᾱλίσκω Refs 5th c.BC+:—also ἀνᾱλόω Refs 5th c.BC+: imperfect ἀνήλισκονRefs 5th c.BC+: future ἀνᾱλώσωRefs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἀνήλωσαRefs 5th c.BC+ and later: perfect ἀνήλωκαRefs 5th c.BC+ codices and later:—passive, future ἀνᾱλωθήσομαιRefs 5th c.BC+aorist ἀνηλώθην and ἀνᾱλώθην: perfect ἀνήλωμαι and ἀνάλωμαι:—in Attic Inscrr. both forms are found in 5th C, ἀναλίσκω only from 4th C onwards. The augmented forms are sometimes wrongly used, ἀνηλοῦντιRefs 3rd c.BC+; compare ἀνήλωμα: ἀνάλωσα is found at Amorgos, Refs:—use up, spend, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀ. εἴς τι spend upon a thing, Refs 5th c.BC+ spend money in paying him, Refs:—passive, τἀνηλωμένα the monies expended Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 metaphorically, ἀνήλωσας λόγον hast wasted words, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀ. ὕπνον waste time in sleep, Refs 5th c.BC+; λόγῳ ἀ. τὸν χρόνον τῆς ἡμέρας diem eximere dicendo, Refs 1st c.AD+ __3 consume, σιτίαRefs 5th c.BC+; of animals, in passive, to be eaten, Refs 5th c.BC+:— passive, to be expended, εἰς τὴν πιμελήν in forming fat, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II of persons, kill, destroy, τοὺς ἀναλωθένταςRefs 5th c.BC+:—middle kill oneself, Refs: —passive, to be consumed, perish, Refs 5th c.BC+; to be disposed of, got rid of, Refs(ἀνά, ἁλίσκομαι.)

† [עָרַק] vb. gnaw (Arabic عَرَقَ id.; Syriac ܥܪܱܩ, Pa.); = Syriac in Lexx., and Pa.; but Syriac usually flee, as 𝔗.— Qal Pt. pl. הַעֹרְקִים צִיָּה Jb 30:3 they who gnaw the dry (ground; fig. of scanty subsistence); sf. עֹרְקַי v 17 my gnawing (pains) do not sleep.

ἀπολείχω, lick off, ἕλκη, variant for{ἐπι-}, Refs 8th c.BC+ lick clean, with genitive partitive, φόνουNT

ἀπό-χρησις, εως, ἡ, getting rid of, τῶν περιττῶν uncertain in Refs 1st c.AD+ __II consumption, using up, NT

βιβρώσκω, Refs 2nd c.AD+ · βρώσομαι Refs 2nd c.AD+aorist ἔβρωσα (ἀν-) Refs 2nd c.BC+; infinitive βρῶξαι (κατα-) Epic. in Refs: Epic dialect aorist 2 ἔβρων Refs 3rd c.BC+: perfect βέβρωκα Refs 8th c.BC+; syncopated. participle βεβρώς, ῶτος, Refs 5th c.BC+; optative βεβρώθοις, as iffrom perfect βέβρωθα, Refs 8th c.BC+:—passive, present, Refs 5th c.BC+:future βρωθήσομαι Refs 8th c.BC+: perfect βέβρωμαι Refs 5th c.BC+: pluperfect ἐβέβρωτο Refs 5th c.BC+—In Ionic dialect Prose and Refs:—eat, eat up, βεβρωκὼς κακὰ φάρμακ᾽ Refs 8th c.BC+; οὐδὲν βεβρ. Refs 5th c.BC+: with genitive, eat of a thing, [λέων] βεβρωκὼς βοός NT+8th c.BC+:—passive, to be eaten, Refs 5th c.BC+; of teeth, decay, Refs; χρήματα δ᾽ αὖτε κακῶς βεβρώοεται will be devoured, Refs 8th c.BC+; βεβρωμένοι ἄρτοι mouldy bread, LXX; ῥίζα βεβρ. worm-eaten, Refs 1st c.AD+; to be bitten, ὑπὸ τῶν κροκοδείλων Refs 2nd c.AD+

δάκν-ω, Refs 6th c.BC+: future δήξομαι Refs 5th c.BC+: perfect δέδηχα Refs 2nd c.AD+aorist 1 ἔδηξα late, Refs 2nd c.AD+: aorist 2 (the only tense in Refs 8th c.BC+, Epic dialect δάκε Refs 8th c.BC+: Epic dialect infinitive δακέειν Refs 8th c.BC+: —passive, δάκνομαι Refs 6th c.BC+: future δηχθήσομαι Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἐδήχθην Refs 5th c.BC+: perfect δέδηγμαι Refs 5th c.BC+; Doric dialect δεδαγμένος Refs 5th c.BC+ codices:—bite, of dogs, δακέειν μὲν ἀπετρωπῶντο λεόντων Refs 8th c.BC+; of a gnat, ἰσχανάᾳ δακέειν Refs; στόμιον δ. champ the bit, Refs 4th c.BC+; χεῖλος ὀδοῦσι δακών, as a mark of stern determination, Tyrt.[same place]: absolutely, δακὼν ἀνάσχου Refs 4th c.BC+; δ. στόμα bite one's tongue, so as to refrain from speaking, πρὸ τῶν τοιούτων χρὴ λόγων δ. στόμα Refs 5th c.BC+; δ. ἑαυτόν to bite one's lips for fear of laughing, Refs 5th c.BC+; so (by a joke παρὰ προσδοκίαν) δ. θυμόν Refs 3rd c.BC+ __II metaphorically of pungent smoke and dust, sting, Refs 5th c.BC+; δ. ὄμματα, of dry winds, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III of the mind, bite, sting, δάκε δὲ φρένας Ἕκτορι μῦθος Refs 8th c.BC+; λόφοι δὲ κώδωντ᾽ οὐ δάκνουσ᾽ ἄνευ δορός have no sting, Refs 5th c.BC+; of love, πάντες οἱ ἐν ὥρᾳ τὸν φιλόπαιδα δάκνουσι Refs 5th c.BC+:—frequently in passive, δηχθεῖσα κέντροις.. ἠράσθη Refs 5th c.BC+ [prev. cited]; of vexation, δάκνομαι ψυχήν Refs 6th c.BC+; συμφορᾷ δεδαγμένοι Pi.[same place]; δέδηγμαι καρδίαν Refs 5th c.BC+; πρός τι, ἐπί τινι, at a thing, Refs 5th c.BC+: c.participle, ἐδήχθη ἀκούσας Refs 5th c.BC+. (Cf.Sanskritdáśati 'bite', Gothic tahjan 'tear'.)

μασσάομαι, μασί-σσημα, μασί-σσησις, μασι-σσητήρ, incorrectly written for μασάομαι, etc. μάσσεται, see at {μαίομαι}.