Drinking and Watering

I. שָׁתָה217 vb. drink (NH id.; Assyrian šatû, Ethiopic ሰትየ Old Aramaic שתה, Aramaic שְׁתָא, אִשְׁתִּי, [ܫܬܐ], ܐܶܫܬܻܝ]; Sab. שתי DHMZMG xxxvii (1883), 403 HomChr 124);— Qal216 Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Ex 34:28 +, 1 s. שָׁתִ֫יתִי 1 S 15 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁתֶּה Gn 44:5 +, וַיִּשְׁתֶּה 1 K 19:8, usually וַיֵּשְׁתְּ Gn 9:21 +; juss. וְיֵשְׁתְּ 1 K 13:18; 3 fs. וַתֵּשְׁתְּ Nu 20:11; 2 ms. apoc. תֵּשְׁתְּ Ju 13:14 +, וַתֵּשְׁתְּ 1 K 13:22; 1 s. וָאֵשְׁתְּ Gn 24:46; 3 mpl. יִשְׁתָּי֑וּן ψ 78:44, etc.; Imv. ms. שְׁתֵה Gn 24:14 +, etc.; Inf. abs. שָׁתֹה Is 21:5; Je 49:12 (in 1 S 1:9 after prep., anom., Ges§ 113 e, om. 𝔊 Th We Dr and mod.), שָׁתוֹ Je 25:28 +, שָׁתוֹת Is 22:13 (Ges§ 75 n); cstr. שְׁתוֹ †Pr 31:4, שְׁתוֹת Je 35:8, 14, לִשְׁתֹּת Gn 24:19 +, sf. שְׁתוֹתוֹ 1 K 13:33, לִשְׁתּוֹתָהּ Is 51:22 etc.; Pt. act. שֹׁתֶה Is 29:8 +, f. שֹׁתָה Jb 6:4, etc.;— 1. a. of man: drink, water, wine, etc., Ex 34:28 (JE), cf. 15:24 (J), 1 S 30:12 Am 2:8; 4:8; 5:11; Is 5:22; 62:8, 9; Pr 31:4, Ju 13:4, 7, 14 + often (2 times JE; 6 times D); by measure (short allowance) Ez 4:11, 16; milk †Ez 25:4, cf. Ct 5:1; blood 1 Ch 11:19 (fig. of water gained by hazard); fig. חֲמָתָם שֹׁתָה רוּחִי Jb 6:4 whose venom [of arrows of י׳] my spirit drinks up; acc. + מִן of source †Ex 7:18 (J), v 21 (E), 15:23 (J), Pr 5:15 (fig.); acc. (of wine, water, etc.) om. Gn 24:14(×2); 27:25; 43:34 (all J) + 11 times J, Ex 7:24; 17:6 (E), Nu 20:5 (JE), v 11; 33:14 (P), Ju 15:19 + often; acc. שׁין †2 K 18:27 = Is 36:12; מַמְתַקִּים Ne 8:10; abs. Ec 2:24 +; + מִן of source 1 K 17:4, 6 ψ 110:7, מִכֹּסוֹ 2 S 12:3; שׁ׳ בְּמִזְרְקֵי יַיִן † Am 6:6, cf. Gn 44:5; שׁ׳ בְּיַיִן †Pr 9:5; c. מִן partit. Gn 9:21; Ex 7:24; Ru 2:9, also (fig.) Je 51:7 (and Jb 21:20 infra). †b. pt. as subst. שֹׁתֵי מַיִם Ez 31:14, 16, שֹׁתֵי יַיִן Jo 1:5; שׁוֹתֵי שֵׁכָר ψ 69:13. c. drink wine in sacrificial feast Dt 32:38 (poem); blood of sacrificial victim ψ 50:13 (fig. of י׳). d. subj. animals Nu 20:19; Jon 3:7 (both + men), also (fig.) Ez 34:18, 19; acc. (water) om. Gn 24:19, 22; 30:38(×2). e. fig. of drinking cup of י׳’s wrath, שׁ׳ אֶת־כּוֹס חֲמָתוֹ Is 51:17 (+ מִיַּד י׳), cf. v 17, v 22, v. also Ez 23:32, 34 and (acc. om.) Je 25:16, 26, 27 + 8 times Je, Hb 2:16; abs. Ob 16(×3); acc. שְׁמָרִים ψ 75:9; שׁ׳ מֵחֲמַת שַׁדַּי Jb 21:20. †f. drink blood, fig. of slaughter, Nu 23:24 (JE; of lion, metaph. of Isr.), Zc 9:15 (read דָּמָם for הָמוּ 𝔊 Codd. Sta Now Marti); so (blood of י׳’s sacrifice) Ez 39:17, 18, 19. g. fig. of wicked deeds: יֵין חֲמָסִים יִשְׁתּוּ Pr 4:17 (‖ לָֽחֲמוּ לֶחֶם רֶשַׁע; these are their food and drink), cf. Jb 15:16; 34:7, but Pr 26:6 appar. = suffers violence (cf. De Toy). †2. late, = feast Est 3:15; 7:1 (cf. מִשְׁתֶּה). †Niph. Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׁתֶה Lv 11:34 (P) all which is (may be) drunk, c. ב of vessel.—נִשְׁתָּ֑וָה Pr 27:15 v. שָׁוָה" dir="rtl" >I. שׁוה ad fin. For cause, give, to drink v. שָׁקָה" dir="rtl" >שׁקה.

πίνω [ῑ], Epic dialect infinitive πινέμεναι and -έμεν, Refs 8th c.BC+: Ionic dialect imperfect πίνεσκον Refs 8th c.BC+: future πίομαι Refs 6th c.BC+; also as falsa lectio in earlier authors, πιεῖσθαι Refs 5th c.BC+; 2nd pers. singular πίεσαι LXX+NTaorist ἔπῐον, Epic dialect πίον Refs 8th c.BC+; 2nd pers. singular subjunctive πίῃσθα Refs 8th c.BC+; πίει, πίεις, Kretschmer Refs; infinitive πιεῖν Refs 8th c.BC+; later contraction πεῖν Refs 1st c.AD+; Epic dialect πῐέμεν Refs 8th c.BC+ falsa lectio for{ὑπιέναι} in Refs 5th c.BC+; participle πῐών, πῐοῦσα, Refs 8th c.BC+:—middle, subjunctive πινώμεθα Refs 5th c.BC+: πίομαι [ῑ] as present middle, Refs 6th c.BC+ (passive in Refs 2nd c.AD+:—passive, Refs 8th c.BC+imperfect πίνετο Refs 8th c.BC+ —Other tenses are from πω- or πο-, perfect πέπωκα Refs 4th c.BC+ —passive, future ποθήσομαι (κατα-) Refs 5th c.BC+aorist ἐπόθην (ἐξ-) Refs 5th c.BC+: perfect infinitive πεπόσθαι Refs 6th c.BC+: Aeolic dialect present πώνω Refs 7th c.BC+aorist imperative πῶθι, τῶ, Refs. [ῑ always in πίνω. πίνομα; ῐ always in aorist ἔπιον, hence πίε must be read for πῖνε in Refs 8th c.BC+; in imperative πῖθι, ῑ always.—In future πίομαι Refs 8th c.BC+; also in later Poetry, Refs 1st c.AD+; for present middle πίομαι, see above]: —drink, frequently from Refs 8th c.BC+; π. ὕδωρ Αἰσήποιο drink its water, i.e. live on its banks, Refs 8th c.BC+: with genitive partitive, drink of a thing, π. οἴνοιο Refs 8th c.BC+; εἰς οἶνον.., ἔνθεν ἔπινον whereof..,Refs; also πίνειν κρητῆρας οῐνοιο to drink bowls of wine, Refs 8th c.BC+; π. ἀπὸ κρήνης drink of a spring, Refs 6th c.BC+; π. ἀπ᾽ αὐτοῦ (i.e. δέπαος) αἴθοπα οἶνον from it, Refs 8th c.BC+; σκύφος ᾧ περ ἔπινεν with which.., Refs 8th c.BC+; π. κερατίνοις ποτηρίοις variant in Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ φάρμακα π. παρὰ τοῦ ἰατροῦ draughts sent by him, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 absolutely, drink, ἐσθιέμεν καὶ πινέμεν Refs 8th c.BC+; μῆλα πιόμεν᾽ ἐκ βοτάνης going to drink after pasture,Refs 7th c.BC+; τινὶ πιεῖν ἐγχέαςRefs 4th c.BC+perfect πέπωκα, to be drunk, Refs 5th c.BC+; πίνοντά τε καὶ πεπωκότα drinking and having finished drinking, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II celebrate by a carouse, νίκην Refs 2nd c.AD+ __III metaphorically, drink up, as the earth does rain, τὸ ὕδωρ, ὄμβρον, Refs 5th c.BC+; of plants, Refs 5th c.BC+; of a lamp, π. τοὔλαιον Refs 5th c.BC+ pōy- and pī-, cf. Sanskrit pāy-áyati 'cause to drink', pīti- 'a drink', Latin pōtus, etc.)

† [שָׁקָה] vb. Hiph. cause to drink water, give to drink (NH Hiph. id.; Arabic سَقَى i. give to drink; Sab. סקי be irrigated Fell ZMG liv (1900), 246, מסקי drinks Hom Chr 124, מסתקין id. DHM Hofmus., No. 1, 1.7; Ethiopic ሰቀየ: water, irrigate; Assyrian šaḳû i. = Heb. Hiph., Aramaic שְׁקָא, ܫܩܳܐ Aph.);—for Qal v. שָׁתָה" dir="rtl" >I. שָׁתָה;—Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְהִשְׁקָה Gn 2:6 +, sf. וְהִשְׁקָהּ Nu 5:27; 2 ms. consec. וְהִשְׁקִיתָ Nu 20:8 +; 1 s. consec. וְהִשְׁקֵיתִי Ez 32:6, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַשְׁקֶה Nu 5:26, וַיַּשְׁקְ Gn 29:10 +, etc.; Imv. ms. sf. הַשְׁקֵ֫הוּ Pr 25:21; fs. sf. הַשְׁקִ֫ינִי Gn 24:43 +; Inf. cstr. הַשְׁקוֹת Gn 2:10 +, sf. הַשְׁקֹתוֹ 24:19; Pt. מַשְׁקֶה ψ 104:13, cstr. Hb 2:15 (v. also i., ii. מַשְׁקֶה);— 1. irrigate, ground: subj. man Dt 11:10, mist Gn 2:6, river v 10 (both J), spring Jo 4:18; subj. י׳ Is 27:3 (כֶּרֶם), Ez 17:7 (גֶּפֶן), both in fig., fig. also 32:6 water land מִדָּם; lit. c. מִן of source ψ 104:13 (הָרִים) and (subj. man) Ec 2:6 (יַעַר). 2. water, give drink to, usually human subj., acc. of beast, Gn 24:14, 46(×2); 29:2 (מִן of source), v 3, 7, 8, 10 Ex 2:16, 17, 19 (all J), ψ 104:11 (subj. springs); acc. pers. Gn 21:19 (E), 24:18, 19, 45 (J), Hb 2:15 (fig.), Is 43:20 (י׳ subj.), ψ 78:15 (id.), 2 Ch 28:15, c. ב of vessel Est 1:7; c. acc. pers. et animal. Nu 20:8 (P); give one something to drink, acc. pers. + rei (water, wine, etc.), Am 2:12; Gn 19:32, 33, 34, 35; 24:43; Nu 5:24, 26; Ju 4:19 1 S 30:11; 2 S 23:15 = 1 Ch 11:15; Jb 22:7, cf. Ct 8:2 (מִיַּיִן); fig. Je 8:14; 9:14; 16:7; 23:15; 25:15 ψ 69:22, cf. וְנַחַל עֲדָנֶיךָ תַשְׁקֵם 36:9, and וַתַּשְׁקֵ֫מוֹ בִּדְמָעוֹת 80:6; acc. rei om., lit. Ju 4:19; Ex 32:20 (E), fig. Je 25:17.—Vid. also i. מַשְׁקֶה" dir="rtl" >מַשְׁקֶה infra. Pu. Impf. 3 ms. וּמֹחַ עַצְמוֹתָיו יְשֻׁקֶּה Jb 21:24 the marrow of his bones is watered, (refreshed, invigorated).—נשׁקה Am 8:8 v. שָׁקַע" dir="rtl" >שׁקע.

מִשְׁתֶּה45 n.m. Gn 21:8 1. feast; 2. drink;—abs. מ׳ Gn 19:3 +; cstr. מִשְׁתֵּה 1 S 25:36 +; sf. מִשְׁתָּיו Dn 1:5 + (Ges§ 93 ss), etc.;— 1. feast, banquet (occasion for drinking, drinking-bout), 1 S 25:36(×2); Is 5:12; Je 51:39 (fig.), Jb 1:5; Est 2:18; 5:14; 8:17; 9:19; lasting seven days Ju 14:12, 17 (wedding-feast, cf. Gn 29:22, and v. BenzArch. 143; Ency. Bib. 2949 NowArch. i. 163); עָשָׂה מ׳ give or make a feast (sometimes + ל pers.) Gn 19:3; 26:30 (both J), 21:8; 40:20 (both E), Ju 14:10; 2 S 3:20 1 K 3:15; Est 1:3 + 8 times Est, Jb 1:4 + 2 S 13:27(×2) 𝔊 Th We Dr and mod.; מִשְׁתֵּה הַיַּיִן Est 5:6; 7:2, 7, בֵּית מִשְׁתֶּה Je 16:8; Ec 7:2, בֵּית מִשְׁתֵּה הַיַּיִן Est 7:8; יוֹם מ׳ וְשִׂמְחָה Est 9:17, 18, cf. v 22; of י׳’s banquet for all peoples Is 25:6 (fig. of Messianic blessings); fig. also in טוֹב־לֵב מ׳ תָּמִיד Pr 15:15. †2. drink (late): מַאֲכָל וּמ׳ וָשֶׁמֶן Ezr 3:7; sf. יֵין מִשְׁתָּיו Dn 1:5, 8; מִשְׁתֵּיהֶם v 16; מִשְׁתֵּיכֶם v 10.

ποτίζω, Attic dialect future ιῶ Refs: (πότος):— give to drink, ἄκρητον ποτίσας Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, Refs 1st c.AD+ __2 with double accusative, τοὺς ἵππους νέκταρ ἐπότισε gave them nectar to drink, NT+5th c.BC+ __3 water, [τὰ φυόμενα] LXX+5th c.BC+; irrigate, φυτά Refs 3rd c.BC+; also water cattle, ταύρως καὶ πόρτιας Refs 3rd c.BC+:—passive, of land, to be watered, to be irrigated, Refs 1st c.AD+ __4 π. οἴνῳ Refs 4th c.AD+; οἴνου Refs 3rd c.AD+; οἴνῳ codices Refs 3rd c.AD+ __5 moisten, μετά τινος Zos.Alch.p.167 Refs 5th c.BC+; τινι Refs 5th c.BC+

† [רָוָה] vb. be saturated, drink one’s fill (NH in der. spec.; Arabic رَوِىَ; Ethiopic ረወየ: Aramaic רְוִי, ܪܘܳܐ );— Qal Pf. 3 fs. consec. וְרָֽוְתָה מִדָּמָם Je 46:10, fig. of sword (‖ שָֽׂבְעָה, אָֽכְלָה); Impf. 3 mpl. יִרְוְיֻן כִ דֶּשֶׁן בֵּיתֶ֑ךָ ψ 36:9 (Ges§ 75 u) fig. of men (‖ תַּשְׁקֵם); 1 pl. נִרְוֶה דֹדִים Pr 7:18 we will take our fill of love (‖ נִתְעַלְּסָה). Pi. Pf. 3 fs. רִוְּתָה Is 34:5, וְר׳ consec. v 7; 1 s. consec. וְרִוֵּיתִי Je 31:14; Impf. 1 s. sf. אֲרַיָּ֫וֶךְ Is 16:9 (read prob. אֲרַוַּ֫יִךְ MargolisAm. J. Sem. Lang., Oct. 1902, 48, vid. also Köi. 589 f.; > אֲרַוָּ֫יֶךְ Sta§ 634 e Ges§ 75 dd); 3 mpl. sf. יְרַוֻּךָ Pr 5:19; Inf. abs. רַוֵּה ψ 65:11 (Ges§ 113 z);— 1. intens. be intoxicated, drunk Is 34:5, fig. of sword; + מִדָּם v 7, of land (‖ יְדֻשָּׁ֑ן). 2. causat., drench, water abundantly, c. acc. תְּלָמֶיהָ ψ 65:11; Is 16:9 c. acc. pers. + דִּמְעָתִי material; saturate (fig.), sate, ור׳ נֶפֶשׁ הַכֹּהֲנִים דָּ֑שֶׁן Je 31:14 (‖ שׂבע); sexually, דַּדֶּיהָ יְרַוֻּךָ Pr 5:19. Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הִרְוָה Is 55:10, sf. הִרְוַנִי La 3:15; 2 ms. sf. הִרְוִיתָ֑נִי Is 43:24; 1 s. הִרְוֵיתִי Je 31:25; Pt. מַרְוֶה Pr 11:25;—saturate, water, c. acc. ארץ Is 55:10 (subj. שֶׁלֶג, גֶּשֶׁם); cause to drink (fig.), c.acc. pers.etrei (לַעֲנָה) La 3:15 (‖ הִשְׂבִּיעַנִי); c. acc. pers. only (נֶפֶשׁ) Je 31:25 (‖ מִלֵּאתִי), abs. Pr 11:25; of Isr. satisfying י׳, חֵלֶב זְבָתִים Is 43:24. Hoph. Impf. יוּרֶא (יָרְוֶה?) Pr 11:25 v. Toy and ירא p. 432.

† [לָקַק] vb. lap, lick (NH id., Pi.; Arabic لَقَّ lick, lap of dog (Wahrm));— Qal Pf. 3 ms. לָֽקְקוּ 1 K 21:19; Impf. 3 ms. יָלֹק Ju 7:5(×2); 3 mpl. יָלֹ֫קּוּ 1 K 21:19, וַיָּלֹ֫קּוּ 1 K 22:38;—lap, יָלֹק בִּלְשׁוֹנוֹ מִן־הַמַּיִם Ju 7:5, like a dog v 5 (abs.); of dogs lapping up blood (acc.), 1 K 21:19(×2); 22:38. Pi. Pt. pl. c. art. הַמְֿלַקְקִים Ju 7:6 (בְּיָדָם אֶל־פִּיהֶם is erron. gloss, v. GFM), v 7; in both = lap, lap up (= Qal v 5).

† [שְׁתָה] vb. drink (𝔗 שְׁתָא, אִשְׁתִּי, Syriac ܐܶܫܬܻܝ; v. BH ׃שָׁתָה);— Pe. Pf. 3 mpl. אִשְׁתִּיו (K§ 11, 4, α)) Dn 5:3, 4; Impf. 3 mpl. יִשְׁתּוֹן v 2; Pt. act. שָׁתֵה v 1, pl. שָׁתַ֫יִן v 23;—drink, acc. wine Dn 5:1, 4, + ב of vessel v 23 and (acc. om.) v 2, 3.

πόσῐς, ιος, Attic dialect εως, ; dative πόσει, Ionic dialect πόσι Refs 5th c.BC+: (πίνω):— drinking, drink, beverage, πόσιος καὶ ἐδητύος ἐζ ἔρον ἕντο Refs 8th c.BC+; carousal, Refs 7th c.BC+; συγγίνεσθαι ἐς πόσιν to meet for a carousal, Refs 5th c.BC+over their cups, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 draught, αἷμα πίεται τρίτην πόσιν Refs 5th c.BC+

† I. [רַ֫הַט] n.[m.] trough (where water is collected?);—for watering cattle;—pl. רְהָטִים Gn 30:38, 41 Ex 2:16 (all J).

πόμα, τό, see at {πῶμα}. __II ={φοῖνιξ}, conjecture in Refs 1st c.AD+

† [גָּמָא] vb. swallow (liquids), (NH id.; cf. Aramaic גְּמָא, גְּמַע, ܓܡܰܥ; perhaps cf. also Ethiopic ግምዔ jar, vessel v. Di)— Pi. Impf. יְגַמֶּא־אֶרֶץ Jb 39:24 fig. of horse in swift gallop; (this, however, possibly denom. from גּוּמָּא NH, Aramaic גּוּמְּתָא, ܓܽܘܡܬܳܐ pit, hollow, i.e. he makes [paws or stamps] hollows in the earth). Hiph. Imv. fs. sf. הַגְמִיאִינִי נָא מְעַט־מַיִם Gn 24:17 let me drink a little water, pray.

† [שַׁ֫יִן, שֵׁין] n.m.

† שִׁקּוּי n.[m.] drink (Ba§ 102 d);—שׁ׳ לְעַצְמוֹתֶיךָ Pr 3:8 drink (fig. for refreshment) to thy bones (cf. vb. Pu.); pl. sf. שִׁקֻּוַי (Ol§ 186 b) ψ 102:10 (+ לֶחֶם v a), שִׁקּיָ֑י Ho 2:7.

ἄντλ-ημα, ατος, τό, bucket for drawing water, NT+5th c.BC+

διῡλ-ίζω, strain, filter thoroughly, οἶνον Mim. Refs 1st c.AD+:—passive, διυλισμένος οἶνος LXX+5th c.BC+ __II strain off, κώνωπα NT

[מִשְׁקָע] n.[m.] what is settled, clarified (cf. √ Hiph.);—cstr. מִשְׁקַע־מַיִם תִּשְׁתּוּ Ez 34:18 the clear (of) water ye drink (cf. 32:14 supra).

† [עָלַע] vb. assumed as √ of Pi. Impf. 3 mpl. יְעַלְעוּ־דָ֑ם Jb 39:30 they drink(?) blood, but read prob. יְלַעְלְעוּ (√ I. לוּעַ) Thes Ol De Me Di al..

† שִׁקּוּי n.[m.] drink (Ba§ 102 d);—שׁ׳ לְעַצְמוֹתֶיךָ Pr 3:8 drink (fig. for refreshment) to thy bones (cf. vb. Pu.); pl. sf. שִׁקֻּוַי (Ol§ 186 b) ψ 102:10 (+ לֶחֶם v a), שִׁקּיָ֑י Ho 2:7.

† I. שְׁתִי n.[m.] drinking, drinking-bout;—Ec 10:17.

† שְׁתִיָּה n.f. drinking (mode or amount) Est 1:8.