Death and Dying

מוּת vb. die (NH id. (rare); Assyrian mâtu DlHWB 395, Arabic مَاتَ, Ethiopic ሞተ, Aramaic מוּת, מִית, ܡܺܝܬ; Nab. מות EutNab 14, 6; Zinj. מת DHMSendsch.Gloss.);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. מֵת Gn 42:38 +; 3 fs. מֵ֫תָה Gn 35:18 +; 2 ms. מַתָּה Ez 28:8; 1 s. וָמַ֑תִּי Gn 19:19; 3 mpl. מֵ֫תוּ Gn 7:22 +; 1 pl. מַתְנוּ Nu 14:2 2 K 7:4; מָ֑תְנוּ Nu 14:9 +; Impf. יָמוּת Gn 38:11 +; יָמֹ֑ת Dt 33:6 +; וַיָּ֫מָת Gn 11:28 +; 1 s. אָמוּת Gn 26:9 +; אָמֻת 2 S 19:38; אָמוּ֫תָה Gn 46:30; 3 mpl. יָמ֫וּתוּ 1 S 2:23 +; יְמֻתוּן Nu 16:29; 3 fpl. תְּמוּתֶ֫נָה Ez 13:19 (Ges§ 72, 5) +; Imv. מֻת Dt 32:50 Jb 2:9; Inf. abs. מוֹת Gn 2:17 +; cstr. מוּת Gn 25:32 +; sf. מוּתִי 2 S 19:1; מֻתָן 2 S 20:3, etc.; Pt. מֵת Gn 20:3 +; sf. מֵתִי Gn 23:4 +; fs. מֵתָה Gn 30:1 Zc 11:9; pl. מֵתִים Ex 12:33 +; cstr. מֵתֵי Is 22:2 +; sf. מֵתֶיךָ Is 26:19;— 1. die, of natural or other causes: a. (1) of man, †וַיִּגְוַע וַיָּמָת and he expired and died Gn 25:8 (+ בְּשֵׂיבָה טוֹבָה, v. infr.), v 17 35:29 (P); †וַיָּמָת וַיִּקָּבֵר Ju 10:2, 5; 8:32; 12:7, 10, 12, 15 2 S 17:23; †וימת וימלך תַּחְתָּיו and he died and—reigned in his stead Gn 36:33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39 (P), 2 S 10:1 = 1 Ch 19:1, 2 K 1:17; 8:15; 13:24 1 Ch 1:44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50; וימת בְּשֵׂיבָה טוֹבָה and he died in a good old age 1 Ch 29:28 (+ Gn 25:8, v. supr.); as the result of smiting הכה Ex 21:18, 20, 22 (E); + במלחמה Dt 20:5, 6, 7 2 S 19:11; בַּחֶרֶב Je 11:22; ברעב v 22; מפני הרעב 38:9; בְּדֶבֶר 21:6; באבן Nu 35:17, 23 (P); †בַּמַּגֵּפָה Nu 14:37; 17:14; 25:9 (P). (2) fig. of wisdom, עִמָּכֶם תָּמוּת חָכְמָה Jb 12:2; of courage, וַיָּמָת לִבּוֹ בְּקִרְבּוֹ and his heart died within him 1 S 25:37.—2 S 2:31 del. מֵ֑תוּ We Dr Kit Bu, cf. 𝔊. b. of animals Lv 11:39; cattle Gn 33:13 (J), fish Ex 7:18 (E), frogs Ex 8:9 (J), lion Ec 9:4, worm Is 66:24; כֶּלֶב מֵת, dead dog (in proverb) 1 S 24:15 2 S 9:8; 16:9. c. a tree Jb 14:8. d. זִבְחֵי מֵתִים ψ 106:28 sacrifices to the dead (idols). 2. die as a penalty = be put to death: a. by human authority Gn 42:20 Ex 10:28; 21:14 (E), Gn 44:9 Jos 2:14 (J), Lv 20:20 (H), Nu 35:12, 30(×2) (P), especially D, Dt 17:5, 6; 18:20; 19:12; 22:22, 25; 24:7 Ju 6:30 1 S 14:43, 45(×2); 2 Sa 19:24 Je 38:24; מות יָמוּת, die = be put to a violent death (> AV RV surely die), 1 S 14:39, 44; 22:16; 1 K 2:37, 42 (all Judaic), Je 26:8, all of capital punishment; 2 K 8:10 (Ephr.) of assassination; מוֹת יוּמַת be put to a violent death, in the codes of Ex 21:12, 15, 16, 17; 22:18 (E), Lv 20:2, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 27; 24:16, 17 (H), Ex 31:14, 15 Nu 15:35; 35:16, 17, 18, 21, 31 Lv 27:29 (P; never in D; D uses verb, either Qal or Hiph., without inf. abs.); it is used in narratives Gn 26:11(J), Ex 19:12 (E), Ju 21:5. מ׳ is preceded by רגם Nu 15:36 (P), Dt 21:21 1 K 12:18 = 2 Ch 10:18, 1 K 21:13; סקל Dt 13:11 17:5; 22:21, 24 1 K 21:10, 13, 14, 15; פגע 1 K 2:25, 46; רמס 2 K 7:17, 20; בְּיַד גֹּאֵל Jos 20:9 (P). b. inflicted by God, Gn 20:3, 7; Jos 10:11 (E), Gn 3:3; 38:11; Ex 11:5; 12:33 (J), 28:35; 30:20(×2) Lv 8:35; 10:2, 6, 7, 9; 16:1, 2, 13 Nu 3:4; 4:19, 20; 14:35; 17:14, 25, 28; 18:3, 32; 26:11, 61 (P), Dt 5:22(×2); 18:16 Ju 6:23 1 S 5:12; 12:19; 25:17, 38, 39; 2 S 6:7; 12:13; 1 K 19:4; 2 K 14:6 = 2 Ch 25:4, 1 Ch 24:2; 2 Ch 13:20; 2 K 19:35 = Is 37:36, Ez 3:20; 18:4, 20, 21, 28; 33:15; מוֹת יָמוּת Gn 2:17; 3:4 (J), 20:7 (E), Ju 13:21, 22; 2 S 12:14; 14:14; 2 K 1:4, 6, 16 (all Judaic), Nu 26:65 (P), Ez 3:18; 33:8, 14; מוֹת יוּמַת 18:13, ביד יהוה Ex 16:3 (P); בחטא Lv 22:9 (H), Nu 27:3 (P), 2 K 14:6 = 2 Ch 25:4; לשׂאת חטא למות Nu 18:22 (P); בחטאת Ez 3:20; 18:24; בטמאה Lv 15:21 (P); בעון Je 31:30; Ez 3:18, 19; 18:17, 18; 33:8, 9; לא ישׂאו עון ומתו Ex 28:43 Nu 4:15 (P); בעול Ez 18:26; 33:13, 18; על עול 18:26; במעל 1 Ch 10:13. c. die, perish, of a nation by divine judgment, Moab Am 2:2, Ephraim Ho 13:1; בית ישׂראל Ez 18:31; 33:1. d. die prematurely, by neglect of wise moral conduct Pr 5:23; 10:21; 15:10; 19:16; 23:13; Ec 7:17.— Note. On (לַבֵּן) עַל־מוּת ψ 9:1; 48:15 v. עַלְמָה" dir="rtl" >עַלְמָה sub יָאַל²" dir="rtl" >II. עלם. Poʿlel. Pf. ms. sf. מוֹתְתַנִי Je 20:17; 1 s. מֹתַתִּי 2 S 1:16; Impf. 3 ms. sf. יְמֹתְתֵהוּ 1 S 17:51; 3 fs. תְּמוֹתֵת ψ 34:22; 1 s. sf. אֲמֹתְתֵהוּ 2 S 1:10; Imv. sf. מוֹתְתֵנִי Ju 9:54; מֹתְתֵנִי 2 S 1:9; inf. מוֹתֵת ψ 109:16; Pt. מְמוֹתֵת 1 S 14:13;—kill, put to death, despatch (intens.), abs. 1 S 14:13, elsewhere c. acc. Ju 9:54; 1 S 17:51; 2 S 1:9, 10, 16; Je 20:17; ψ 34:22; 109:16. Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הֵמִית Ju 16:30 +; sf. וֶהֱמִתָ֑נִי 2 S 14:32; הֱמִיתָם Je 41:8; 3 fs. sf. הֱמִיתָ֑תְהוּ 2 Ch 22:11; 2 ms. הֵמַתָּה Nu 14:15; 1 s. sf. הֲמִיתִּיו (read הֲמִתִּיו) 1 S 17:35; 3 mpl. הֵמִיתוּ 1 S 30:2 +, etc.; Impf. יָמִית Nu 35:19 +; וַיָּ֫מֶת Gn 38:10 +; sf. יְמִיתֵהוּ 1 K 13:24 +; יְמִתֶנּוּ Nu 35:19 +; Imv. sf. הֲמִיתֵנִי 1 S 20:8; pl. הָמִיתוּ 1 S 22:17; Inf. abs. הָמֵת 2 K 11:15 +; cstr. הָמִית Lv 20:4 +; Pt. מֵמִית 1 S 2:6; pl. מְמִיתִים 2 K 17:26; מְמִתִים Je 26:15 Jb 33:22;—kill, put to death: 1. abs. Jb 9:23, elsewhere c. acc., subj. man, a. of killing men in personal combat, or in war, often preceded by הכּה smite Jos 10:26; 11:17; 17:50 +; of destroying a city 2 S 20:19 (‖ השׁחית v 20). b. by authority, espec. in capital punishment Ex 1:16 (E), Lv 20:4 (H), Nu 35:19(×2), 21 (P), Dt 13:10; 17:7 Ju 20:13 1 S 11:12; 28:9 2 S 14:7, 32; 21:4 1 K 2:26, 34; 11:40; 19:17(×2) 2 K 14:6 = 2 Ch 25:4; Is 11:4; Je 26:15, 21, 24; 38:15, 16, 25; Est 4:11; בַּחֶרֶב 1 K 1:51; 2:8; 2 K 11:20 = 2 Ch 23:21; הָמֵת יָמִית Ju 15:13 1 K 3:26, 27; Je 26:19; 38:15. 2. subj. God, by inflicting penalty, abs. Dt 32:39; 1 S 2:6; 2 K 5:7, elsewhere c. acc. Gn 18:25; 38:7, 10; Ex 4:24; Nu 14:15 (J), Dt 9:28; Ju 13:23; 1 S 2:25; 5:10, 11; 1 Ch 2:3; 10:14; Is 65:15; Ho 9:16; ברעב Is 14:30; בצמא Ho 2:5; of killing fish ψ 105:29; מְמִיתִים Jb 33:22 executioners, angels of death. 3. of animals killing men, e.g. ox Ex 21:29 (E), lion 1 K 13:24, 26; 2 K 17:26. 4. bring to a premature death Pr 19:18; 21:25. Hoph. Pf. הוּמָ֑ת 2 K 11:2 +; 3 mpl. הֻמְתוּ 2 S 21:9; Impf. יוּמַת Lv 20:10 +; יוּמָ֑ת Gn 26:11 +; Pt. מוּמָת 1 S 19:11, pl. מוּמָתִים 2 K 11:2 (Qr), 2 Ch 22:11;—be killed, put to death: 1. by conspiracy 2 K 11:2, 2 = 2 Ch 22:11, 2 K 11:8, 15, 16 2 Ch 23:7, 14. 2. by capital punishment Ex 21:29 (E), 35:2 Nu 1:51; 3;10, 38; 18:7 (P), Lv 19:20; 24:16, 21 (H), Dt 13:6; 17:6(×2); 21:22; 24:16(×3) = 2 K 14:6(×3), Jos 1:18 (all D) Ju 6:31; 1 S 11:13; 19:6, 11; 20:32; 2 S 19:22, 23; 21:9; 1 K 2:24; 2 Ch 15:13; Je 38:4, and the phrase מוֹת יוּמת (see Qal 2 a). 3. by divine infliction, in the phrase מות יוּמת (see Qal 2 b). 4. die prematurely Pr 19:16.

מָ֫וֶת161 n.m. Ex 10:17 death;—abs. מ׳ Dt 19:6 +; מָֽ֫וְתָה ψ 116:15; cstr. מוֹת Gn 25:11 +; sf. מוֹתִי Gn 27:2 +; pl. cstr. מוֹתֵי Ez 28:10; sf. בְּמֹתָיו Is 53:9;— 1. death, opp. life, Dt 30:15, 19 2 S 15:21; †מ׳ כל האדם the death of all men (that all go to) Nu 16:29 (J), as distinguished from violent death; יוֹם מ׳ day of death Gn 27:2 (J) Ju 13:7 1 S 15:35 +; שְׁנַת מ׳ Is 6:1; 14:28; עד מ׳ Nu 35:25, 28, 32 Jos 20:6 (P), 1 K 11:40; לפני מ׳ Gn 27:7, 10; 50:16 (JE); אחרי מ׳ Gn 26:18 (J), 25:11; Lv 16:1; Nu 35:28 (P), Dt 31:27, 29 (D) +; בכור מ׳ Jb 18:13 firstborn of death (deadly disease); of flies Ec 10:1, unclean animals Lv 11:31, 32 (P). 2. death by violence as a penalty: †מִשְׁפַּט מ׳ + לְ or בְּ pers.: a case of death to, or in a man, guilty of capital crime Dt 19:6; 21:22 Je 26:11, 16; †חֵטְא מ׳ Dt 22:26; †בנ(י) מ׳ 1 S 20:31; 26:16; 2 S 12:5; אישׁ מ׳ 2 S 19:29; אנשׁי מ׳ 1 K 2:26; מַלְאֲכֵי מ׳ Pr 16:14 messengers of death; בְּמֹתָיו Is 53:9 in his (martyr-)death (v. BrMP 359). †3. state of death or place of death (‖ שׁאול) Is 28:15, 18; 38:18; Ho 13:14; Hb 2:5; ψ 6:6; 49:15 Ct 8:6 Pr 5:5; 7:27; (‖ אבדון) Jb 28:22; שׁערי מ׳ gates of death ψ 9:14; 107:18; Jb 38:17.

θάνᾰτος [θᾰ], ὁ, (θνῄσκω) death, whether natural or violent, Refs 8th c.BC+; τῶν ὑπαλευάμενος θάνατον the death threatened by them, Refs 8th c.BC+; θάνατόνδε to death, Refs 8th c.BC+; θανάτου τέλος, μοῖρα, Refs 4th c.BC+; θανάτου πέρι καὶ ζωᾶς for life and death, Refs 5th c.BC+; πόλεώς ἐστι θ., ἀνάστατον γενέσθαι it is its death, Refs 4th c.BC+; γῆρας ζῶν θ. Refs 2nd c.AD+; θάνατον ἀποθνῄσκειν, τελευτᾶν, Refs 1st c.BC+ __2 in Law, death-penalty, θάνατον καταγνῶναί τινος to pass sentence of death on one, Refs 5th c.BC+; θανάτου δίκῃ κρίνεσθαιRefs 5th c.BC+; πρὸς τοὺς ἐχθροὺς.. ἀγωνίσασθαι περὶ θ. Refs 4th c.BC+; θ. τῆς ζημίας ἐπικειμένης the penalty is death, Refs 5th c.BC+; elliptically, παιδίον κεκος μημένον τὴν ἐπὶ θανάτῳ (i.e. στολήν) Refs 5th c.BC+; but δῆσαί τινα τὴν ἐπὶ θανάτῳ (i.e. δέσιν) Refs 5th c.BC+; τὴν ἐπὶ θανάτῳ ἔξοδον ποιεῖσθαι to go to execution, Refs; τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις ἐπιτρέψαι περὶ σφῶν αὐτῶν πλὴν θανάτου for any penalty short of death, Refs 5th c.BC+; εἰργόμενον θανάτου καὶ τοῦ ἀνάπηρον ποιῆσαι short of death or maiming, Refs 4th c.BC+ __3 plural, θάνατοι kinds of death, Refs 8th c.BC+; the deaths of several persons, Refs 5th c.BC+; poetry, of one person, Refs 5th c.BC+*apocalyptic Refs 1st c.AD+; especially of violent death, θ. αὐθένται Refs 5th c.BC+ __II as proper name, Θάνατος Refs 8th c.BC+; ὃν [ἰὸν] τέκετο Θ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __III corpse, θ. ἀτύμβευτος Refs 1st c.BC+

† שְׁאוֹל, שְׁאֹל n.f. ψ 86:13 (appar. m. Jb 26:6 cf. Is 14:9, v. AlbrZAW xvi (1896), 51) Sheʾôl, underworld (√ dub.; שׁאל, i.e. place of inquiry (ref. to necromancy) JastrAm. J. Sem. Lang. xiv. 170, cf. JBL xix (1900), 88 ff. (JeremLeben n. d. Tode 109 ‘Ort der Entscheidung’); Thes BöDe Inf. § 158 Di al. cp. √ שׁעל, whence שֹׁעַל hollow hand, etc.; שׁ׳ then = hollow place, ‘Hölle’, hell; other conj. v. Hup Ps. 6:6; De Is. 5:14 BeerBibl. Hades in HoltzmannFestgabe, 1902, 15; most now refrain from positive etymology (e.g. Buhl); Old Aramaic שאול, Syriac ܫܝܽܘܠ; Assyrian šu-alu is dub.: so read and interpr. DlPa 121; Prol. 47, 145 JastrAm. J. Sem. Lang. xiv. 165 ff. Ency. Bib.s.v.; opp. by BertinTSBA viii. 269 JenKosmol. 223 ff. ZimKAT 3. 636 al.; v. also Muss-ArnoltJBL xi (1892), 169 and reff.);—always abs., שְׁאוֹל Dt 32:22 + 52 times, ה—ָ Gn 42:38 ψ 9:18; שְׁאֹל 1 K 2:6; Jb 17:16, ה—ָ Gn 37:35 + 7 times; + Is 7:11 (so read for שְׁאָ֫לָה Aq Σ Θ Du Che and now most);— 1. the underworld, שׁ׳ תַּחְתִּית Dt 32:22, מִתַּחַת Is 14:9; מִשּׁ׳ מָ֑טָּה Pr 15:24; ‖ מָוֶת 5:5; 7:27; Ct 8:6 ψ 89:49; whither men descend at death, Gn 37:35 (E), 42:38; 44:29, 31 (J), 1 S 2:6; 1 K 2:6, 9; Jb 7:9; 21:13; Is 14:11, 15 ψ 88:4, and Ḳoraḥ and associates go down alive by י׳’s judgment, Nu 16:30, 33 (J), cf. ψ 55:16; under mts. and sea Jb 26:6 (cf. v 5), בֶּטֶן שׁ׳ Jon 2:3 (cf. v 7); with bars Jb 17:16 (si vera l.: v. 𝔊 Du); פִּי שׁ׳ ψ 141:7; שַׁעֲרֵי שׁ׳ Is 38:10; personif. Is 28:15, 18 (‖ מות) as insatiable monster 5:14; Hb 2:5; Pr 1:12; 27:20; 30:16; as said (fig.) to have snares, חֶבְלֵי שׁ׳, ψ 18:6 = 2 S 22:6, cf. מְצָרֵי שׁ׳ ψ 116:3; opp. (height of) שָׁמַיִם Am 9:2; Jb 11:8 ψ 139:8 + (opp. לְמָ֑עְלָה) Is 7:11 (v. supra); dark, gloomy, without return Jb 17:13 (cf. v 16; 7:9; 10:21; 16:22; all being alike 3:17–19; 21:23–26); without work or knowledge or wisdom according to Ec 9:5, 6, 10 (cf. Jb 14:21, and v. רְפָאִים sub רפה; yet cf. Is 14:9 f.). 2. condition of righteous and wicked disting. in שׁ׳ (later than 1 S 28, especially in WisdLt): a. wicked יָשׁוּבוּ לִשְׁא֑וֹלָה ψ 9:18, יִדְּמוּ לִשׁ׳ 31:18; death is their shepherd, without power and honour they waste away 49:15(×2); שׁ׳ consumes them as drought water Jb 24:19; righteous dread it because no praise or presence of God there (as in temple) ψ 6:6 (cf. 88:6), Is 38:18; deliverance from it a blessing ψ 30:4; 86:13; Pr 23:14. In Ezek. שׁ׳ is land below, place of reproach, abode of uncircumcised Ez 31:15, 16, 17; 32:21, 27. b. righteous shall not be abandoned, לשׁ׳ ψ 16:10 (‖ שַׁחַת q.v.; opp. אֹרַח הַיִּים, etc., v 11, cf. 17:15), is ransomed from שׁ׳ 49:16 (cf. 73:23, 25; Is 57:1, 2); cf. Job’s expectation and desire Jb 14:13; 17:13 (cf. 10:21; 19:25 f.). 3. later distinction of places in שׁ׳: a. depths of שׁ׳ for sensualist Pr 9:18. b. שׁ׳ וַאֲבַדּוֹן Pr 15:11, v. אֲבַדּוֹן" dir="rtl" >אֲבַדּוֹן. [שַׁחַת and בּוֹר, q.v., when ‖ שׁ׳, are usually in bad sense (ψ 88:4); prob. = pit in שׁ׳, > שׁ׳ itself as pit; words at least prepare for local distinctions of postB. Judaism and NT.] 4. שׁ׳ fig. of extreme degradation in sin Is 57:9; as place of exile for Israel Ho 13:14(×2) (cf. Is 26:19).

σταυρός, ὁ, upright pale or stake, σταυροὺς ἐκτὸς ἔλασσε διαμπερὲς ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα πυκνοὺς καὶ θαμέας Refs 8th c.BC+; of piles driven in to serve as a foundation, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II cross, as the instrument of crucifixion, NT+1st c.BC+; σ. λαμβάνειν, ἆραι, βαστάζειν, metaphorically of voluntary suffering, NT: its form was represented by the Greek letter T, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II.b pale for impaling a corpse, Refs 1st c.AD+

† צַלְמָ֫וֶת n.[m.] death-shadow, deep shadow, poet. (prob. = צֵל + מָוֶת, 𝔊 (usually) σκιὰ θανάτου, cf. 𝔖 𝔙, so Thes SchwallyLeben n. d. Tode, 194, v. especially NöZAW xvii (1897), 183 ff.; Ew Br and most mod. (after older comm.) read צַלְמוּת darkness, deep darkness, cp. Arabic ظَلَمَ iv, Assyrian [ṣalâmu], Ethiopic ጸልመ be black, dark);—death-shadow, cf. ظُلْمَةٌ 6, often ‖ חֹשֶׁךְ, לַיְלָה, etc., and opp. בֹּקֶר, אוֹר. 1. = deep shadow, darkness (cf. הַרְרֵי אֵל, אַרְזֵי אֵל): Am 5:8; Jb 3:5; 12:22; 24:17a; 28:3; 34:22; of eyes heavy with weeping 16:16; בַּלְהוֹת צ׳ 24:17b terrors of the darkness. 2. fig. a. of distress Je 13:16 ψ 107:10, 14; אֶרֶץ צ׳ Is 9:1. b. of extreme danger Je 2:6 ψ 23:4; 44:20. 3. characterizing world of the dead, אֶרֶץ חֹשֶׁךְ וצ׳ Jb 10:21, כְּמוֹ אֹפֶל צ׳ v 22 (text dub., v. Bu Du); וְשַׁעֲרֵי צ׳ 38:17 (𝔊 πυλωροὶ δὲ ᾅδου; ‖ שַׁעֲרֵי־מָ֑וֶת).

γέεννα, ης, ἡ, Hebrew gé-hinnóm, the valley of Hinnom, which represented the place of future punishment, NT

θᾰνᾰτ-όω, future -ώσωRefs 4th c.BC+, etc.: perfect τεθανάτωκα Refs 1st c.BC+:—passive, future -ωθήσομαιLXX: future middle in passivesense θανατώσοιτο Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist 1 ἐθανατώθην Refs 5th c.BC+: perfect τεθανάτωμαι Refs 2nd c.BC+:—put to death, τινα Refs 5th c.BC+; especially of the public executioner, Refs 5th c.BC+ Phld.[same place]:— passive, to be made dead, NT; ὁ -ωθείς the murdered man, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 passive, of flesh, to be mortified, Refs 5th c.BC+:—metaphorically in active, mortify, τὰς πράξεις τοῦ σώματος NT __II condemn to death by sentence of law, NT+5th c.BC+:— passive, Refs 5th c.BC+; οἱ τεθανατωμένοι those condemned to death, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __III to be fatal, cause death, ὄφεις -οῦντες LXX; μυῖαι -οῦσαιLXX+1st c.AD+

Ἅιδης or ᾅδης, ου, ὁ, Attic dialect; Epic dialect Ἀΐδης, α and ε; Doric dialect Αΐδας, α, used by Trag., in Lyric poetryand anapaest meter: genitive Αϊδος, dative Αϊδι, Refs 8th c.BC+ only as proper name Refs 8th c.BC+ —εἰν᾽ Αΐδαο δόμοισι in the nether world, Refs 8th c.BC+; frequently εἰν, εἰς Αΐδαο (i.e. δόμοις, δόμους), as Refs 8th c.BC+; Trag. and Attic dialect ἐν Ἅιδου, εἰς Ἅιδου (i.e. οἴκῳ, οἶκον), Refs 5th c.BC+; Ἄϊδόσδε, adverb to the nether world, Refs 8th c.BC+; παρ᾽ Ἅιδῃ, παρ᾽ Ἅιδην, Refs —hence, __2 place of departed spirits, first in NT+8th c.BC+ __II after Refs 8th c.BC+, the grave, death, ἀΐδαν λαγχάνειν, δέξασθαι, Refs 5th c.BC+; ᾅδης πόντιος death by sea, Refs 5th c.BC+; ᾅδου πύλη, Astrology texts, region below the Horoscope, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II.2 genitive ᾅδου with nouns in adjectival sense, devilish, θύουσαν ᾅ. μητέρ᾽Refs 5th c.BC+; fatal, deadly, δίκτυον, ξίφη ᾅ., Refs 8th c.BC+ in all forms except ᾱῐδος before vowels; ᾱῐδης Refs 7th c.BC+

ἐκ-πνέω, Epic dialect ἐκ-πνείω Refs 4th c.AD+, imperfect -είεσκον Refsfuture -πνεύσομαι or -οῦμαι:— breathe out or forth, κεραυνὸς ἐκπνέων φλόγα Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 βίον ἐ. breathe one's last, expire, Refs 5th c.BC+: metaphorically, lose power, Refs; lose lustre, of pearls, Refs __3 lose breath, of a runner, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II absolutely, cease blowing, become calm, [ὁ δῆμος] ἴσως ἂν ἐκπνεύσειε Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ κατὰ τὸν πόλεμον ἐκπέπνευκε καὶ λελώφηκεν Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 blow out or outwards, of a wind, ἔσωθεν ἐ. Refs 5th c.BC+; burst out, σμικροῦ νέφους..ἐκπνεύσας μέγας χειμών Refs 5th c.BC+; but simply, blow, of wind, Refs 4th c.BC+

ἐκψύχω [ῡ], future -ξω, lose consciousness, swoon, LXX+5th c.BC+; give up the ghost, expire, NT+2nd c.AD+ __II to be short of breath, gasp, Refs 4th c.BC+ __III passive, to be thoroughly cooled, chilled,Refs 1st c.AD+

νεκρ-όω, make dead, mortify, μόριόν τι Refs 2nd c.AD+:—passive, νενεκρῶσθαι τὸ μόριον Refs 2nd c.AD+; to be dead, νεκρωθείς Refs; νενεκρωμένος, of the body of Abraham, NT __II metaphorically, mortify, νεκρώσατε τὰ μέλη NT

לַבֵּן in עַל־מוּת ל׳ ψ 9:1 dubious meaning, v. Thes Bae Psalmen, p. xvii.

† נֵ֫פֶל [נֶפֶל] n.m. Jb 3:16 miscarriage, abortion;—נֵ֫פֶל abs. Jb 3:16 (Baer, Ginsb., > van d. H. נֶפֶל), נָ֑פל Ec 6:3; cstr. נֵפֶל אֵשֶׁת ψ 58:9.

νέκρ-ωσις, εως, ἡ, mortification, NT+2nd c.AD+ __II death, τὴν ν. τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ἐν τῷ σώματι περιφέροντες NT

† תְּמוּתָה n.f. death;—בְּנֵי ת׳ children of death, those worthy of death and appointed to death, ψ 79:11; 102:21 (see מָוֶת 2).

ἀπάγχω, strangle, throttle, ὁ μὲν λάε νεβρὸν ἀπάγχωνRefs 8th c.BC+; ὃ μάλιστά μ᾽ ἀπάγχει chokes me with anger, Refs 5th c.BC+ —middle, aorist ἀπηγξάμην, and passive, hang oneself, to be hanged, Refs 7th c.BC+am ready to choke, Refs 5th c.BC+

ἄψῡχ-ος, ον, lifeless, inanimate, πόθῳRefs 7th c.BC+; ἃ -ότατα τῶν ὀστῶν with least life or sensation, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἄ. θεοί, of statues, Refs 4th c.BC+ __2 ἄ. βορά non-animal food, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II spiritless, faint-hearted, κάκηRefs 4th c.BC+; of style, lifeless, Refs 1st c.BC+. adverb -χωςRefs 2nd c.AD+ __III materialistic, λόγοςRefs 3rd c.AD+

ἐπιθᾰνάτ-ιος [νᾰ], ον, condemned to death, NT+1st c.BC+; ἐ. μέλος, of Refs 6th c.BC+ adverb -ίως, ἔχειν, = {ἐπιθανάτως ἔχειν}, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II. αἱ ἐ. δᾷδες the funeral torches, Refs 4th c.AD+; but ἐ. ἐπιστολή deadly, Refs

τελευτ-ή, ἡ, (τελέω) completion, accomplishment, τελευτὴν ποιῆσαι [γάμου] accomplish, Refs 8th c.BC+; τ. νόστουRefs 8th c.BC+ __2 event, issue, δεῖξεν πᾶσαν τ. πράγματος Refs 6th c.BC+; γάμου πικραὶ τ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 termination, end, οὐδέ τις ἦν ἔριδος λύσις οὐδὲ τ. Refs 8th c.BC+ __4 especially βιότοιο τ. 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 7.104, 16.787; βίου 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.30, 31, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 4.24; τ. τοῦ βίου τελεῖν 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 79; ἐπὶ τελευτῇ τοῦ βίου 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 516a. __4.b frequently without βίου, the end of life, death, Refs 5th c.BC+; τελευτῆς λαχεῖν, τυχεῖν, Refs 5th c.BC+; periphrastic, θανάτοιο τ. the end that is death, Refs 8th c.BC+ __5 with Preps., in adverb sense, ἐς τελευτήν at the end, at last, Refs 8th c.BC+ __II end, extremity of anything, as of limbs, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 end, close of a sentence, Refs 4th c.BC+; of a play, Refs 4th c.BC+; of a word, Refs 1st c.AD+

† מוֹת n.[m.] death (𝔗 Syriac; v. BH);—abs. Ezr 7:26. מֵזֵא v. [אֲזָא]. מָזוֹן v. זון.

† מַחֲנָק n.[m.] strangling, suffocation, as a mode of death, וַתִּבְחַר מַחֲנָק נַפְשִׁי Jb 7:15 and my soul chooseth strangling (‖ מָוֶת).