Covenant Agreement

בְּרִית285 n.f. covenant (‖ Aramaic קְיָם, διαθήκη; constitutio)—ב׳ Gn 9:13 + 199 times; sf. בְּרִיתִי Gn 6:18 + 50 times; בְּרִיתְךָ Dt 33:9; בְּרִיתֶ֑ךָ ψ 44:18 + 11 times; בְּרִיתְכֶם Is 28:18; בְּרִיתֵךְ Ez 16:61; בְּרִיתוֹ Ex 2:24 + 18 times;—pact, compact, covenant. I. between men. 1. treaty, alliance, league: Abraham and Amorites Gn 14:13; Edom and its allies Ob 7; with Philistines Gn 21:27, 32 (E) 26:28 (J); Jacob and Laban Gn 31:44 (J); Joshua and Gibeonites Jos 9:6, 7, 11, 15, 16 (J); Israel and Canaanites Ex 23:32; 34:12, 15 (JE) Dt 7:2 Ju 2:2; Ammonites and Jabesh 1 S 11:1; Solomon and Hiram 1 K 5:26; Ahab and Benhadad 1 K 20:34; Syria and Israel 1 K 15:19 = 2 Ch 16:3; Nebuchadnezzar and Zedekiah Ez 17:13–19; nations against Israel ψ 83:6; nations with Egypt Ez 30:5; Ephraim and Assyria Ho 12:2; Judah and Israel Ez 16:61; Judah and Tyre Am 1:9; Assyria and Judah Is 33:8; נגיד ברית a prince in league (with him) Dn 11:22 (so He Ew; Hi Meinh Bev ref. to h. p. Onias III & translate prince of cov’t, cf. AV RV); fig., with death Is 28:15, 18; with stones of the field Jb 5:23. 2. constitution, ordinance, between monarch and subjects: David and Abner 2 S 3:12, 13, 21; David and the elders of Israel 2 S 5:3 = 1 Ch 11:3; Zedekiah and his people Je 34:8–18; hostile prince and Israelites Dn 9:27. 3. agreement, pledge: Jehoiada and captains 2 K 11:4 = 2 Ch 23:1; with oneself Jb 31:1; with Leviathan to be a servant Jb 40:28; between man and man Ho 10:4 cf. בעל ברית Ju 8:33; 9:4 = אל ברית Ju 9:46. 4. alliance of friendship between David and Jonathan 1 S 18:3; 20:8; 23:18 cf. ψ 55:21. 5. alliance of marriage Pr 2:17 Mal 2:14.—In all cases כרת ברית is the technical phrase for making covenant except Je 34:10 באו בברית; Dn 9:27 הגביר ברית לְ. Various preps. are used, most often לְ Ex 23:32 +, but also עִם Gn 26:28 +, אֵת 2 S 3:12 +, בֵּין 2 Ch 16:3. II. between God and man. 1. alliance of friendship (‖ סוֹד) ψ 25:14. 2. covenant, as a divine constitution or ordinance with signs or pledges (vid. אוֹת). a. with Noah Gn 9:9–17 (P) Is 54:10 Je 33:20, 25; a divine promise that there would be no other deluge. b. with Abraham, Isaac and Jacob Gn 15:18 (J) 17:2–21 Ex 2:24; 6:4, 5; Lv 26:42 (P) 2 K 13:23; 1 Ch 16:15 = ψ 105:8, 10, Ne 9:8 Je 34:18; a promise to multiply their seed, give them the land of Canaan, and make them a blessing to the nations. c. with Israel at Sinai = Horeb, with a covenant sacrifice Ex 19:5; 24:7, 8 (E) 34:10, 27, 28 (J) 31:16; Lv 2:13 (P) 24:8; 26:9, 15, 25, 44, 45 (H) Dt 4:13; renewed in plains of Moab Dt 28:69; with blessings and curses Dt 29:20; frequently referred to in other books 2 Ch 34:32 ψ 25:10; 44:18; 50:5, 16; 74:20; 78:10, 37; 103:18; 106:45; 111:5, 9 Is 56:4, 6; Je 1:2, 3, 6, 8, 10; 14:21; 22:9; 31:32; Ez 16:8, 59, 60; 44:7; Dn 9:4; 11:28, 30, 32; Ho 6:7; 8:1 Zc 9:11; 11:10; a divine constitution given to Israel with promises on condition of obedience and penalties for disobedience, in the form of tables of the covenant Dt 9:9, 11, 15, inscribed with the ten words, placed in (י׳) ארון ברית the ark of the covenant Nu 10:33 + 40 times (vid. ארון; in 1 S 4:3, 4(×2), 5 om. ברית after ארון 𝔊 We Dr); set forth in דברי הברית words of the covenant Ex 34:28 (J) Dt 28:69; 29:8; 2 K 23:3 (= 2 Ch 34:31) Je 11:2–8, written in ספר הברית the book of the covenant Ex 24:7 (E, cf. 34:27 J) 2 K 23:2, 21 (cf. 2 Ch 34:30). d. with Phinehas Nu 25:12, 13 (P), a constitution, establishing an everlasting priesthood in his line; cf. ברית הכהנים Ne 13:29 & ברית הלוי Mal 2:4, 8. e. with Joshua and Israel Jos 24:25 (E), an ordinance or constitutional agreement to serve Yahweh only. f. with David ψ 89:4, 29, 34, 39; 132:12; Je 33:21 (cf. 2 S 7 = 1 Ch 17); a divine promise to the seed of David of an everlasting kingdom, the relation of sonship, and the superintendence of the temple (cf. ψ 2). g. Jehoiada and the people 2 K 11:17 = 2 Ch 23:3, a constitutional agreement to be the people of Yahweh. h. Hezekiah and the people 2 Ch 29:10, a constitutional agreement to reform the worship. i. Josiah and the people 2 K 23:3, a constitutional agreement to obey the book of the covenant. j. Ezra and the people Ezr 10:3, a constitutional agreement to put away foreign wives and observe the Law. k. the prophetic covenant, a divine promise through a series of prophets to establish a new constitution ברית חדשׁה Je 31:31, with new institutions and precepts Is 42:6, 49:8; 55:3; 59:21; 61:8 Je 31:31, 33; 32:40; 50:5; Ez 16:60, 62; 20:37; 34:25; 37:26; Ho 2:20. In Is 2 the Messianic servant is ברית עם Is 42:6; 49:8, cf. מלאך הברית Mal 3:1. III. Phrases. 1. covenant making: כרת ברית Gn 15:18; Ex 34:10, 27 (J) Jos 24:25 (E) Dt 5:2, 3; 28:69; 29:13, 24; 1 K 5:26; 2 K 11:17; 17:35, 38; 23:3 2 Ch 21:7; 23:3, 16; 29:10; 34:30 Ezr 10:3; Ne 9:8; ψ 50:5; 89:4; Is 55:3; 61:8; Je 11:10; 31:31, 32, 33; 32:40; 34:13 Ez 34:25; 37:26; Hos 2:20; הקים ברית establish a covenant Gn 6:18; 9:9, 11, 17; 17:7, 19, 21; Ex 6:4 (P) Ez 16:60, 62, confirm covenant Lv 26:9 (?; H) Dt 8:18; נתן ברית Gn 17:2 (cf. 9:12) Nu 25:12 (P); שׂם ברית 2 S 23:5; עבר בברית Dt 29:11; בא בברית 2 Ch 15:12; Ez 16:8; צוה ברית ψ 111:9; נשׂא ברית על פי ψ 50:16. (Cf. further on these DrJ Ph. xi. 1882, 210 ff.) 2. covenant keeping: on the part of man שׁמר ברית 1 K 11:11 Ne 1:5; 9:32 ψ 78:10; 103:18; 132:12 Dn 9:4, נצר ברית Dt 33:9 ψ 25:10, מחזיקים בברית Is 56:4, 6; on the part of God זכר ברית Gn 9:15, 16 Ex 2:24; 6:5 (all P), Lv 26:42(×3) (H; on sf. cf. Di Ges§ 128, 1 R b) v 45 (H) ψ 105:8; 106:45; 111:5 1 Ch 16:15 Ez 16:60. Thus we have נאמנת ψ 89:29; ברית עולם Gn 9:16; 17:7, 13, 18, 19 Ex 31:16 Lv 24:8 Nu 18:19; 25:13 (P) 2 S 23:5 (poet.) 1 Ch 16:17 (= ψ 105:10) Is 24:5; 55:3; 61:8 Je 32:40; 50:5 Ez 16:60; 37:26; ברית מלח Lv 2:13 2 Ch 13:5; 21:7 (a cov’t. with sacrificial meal and salt; on cov’t. with salt in Arabia cf. WeSkizzen iii. 124); ברית שׁלום Nu 25:12 (P) Is 54:10 Ez 34:25; 37:26; הברית והחסד Dt 7:9, 12 1 K 8:23 (= 2 Ch 6:14) Ne 1:5; 9:32; Dn 9:4; ברית קדשׁ Dn 11:28, 30; מסרת הברית Ez 20:27. 3. covenant violation: עבר ברית Dt 17:2; Jos 7:11, 15; 23:16 (D) Ju 2:20; 2 K 18:12; Ho 6:7; 8:1; הפר ברית Gn 17:14; Lv 26:15, 44 (H) Dt 31:16, 20 (J) Ju 2:1; Is 24:5(×2) Je 11:10; 14:21; 31:32; 33:20, 21; Ez 16:59; 17:18, 19; 44:7; Zc 11:10; עזב ב׳ Dt 29:24 1 K 19:10, 14; Je 22:9 Dn 11:30; מאס ברית 2 K 17:15; נאר ברית ψ 89:39; חלל ברית ψ 89:34 Mal 2:10 (cf. v 4); שׁקר בב׳ ψ 44:18; שׁכח ברית Dt 4:23, 21; Je 50:5.

διαθήκη, ἡ, (διατίθημι) disposition of property by will, testament, Refs 5th c.BC+; κατὰ διαθήκην by will, Refs 1st c.BC+, etc.: in plural, διαθήκας διαθέσθαι Refs 5th c.BC+ __II αἱ ἀπόρρητοι δ. mystic deposits on which the common weal depended, probably oracles (compare διαθέτης), Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.2 name of an eyesalve, because the recipe was deposited in a temple, Refs 6th c.AD+ __III compact, covenant, ἢν μὴ διαθῶνται διαθήκην ἐμοί LXX+5th c.BC+; καινή, παλαιὰ δ., NT; disposition (with allusion to NT __IV ={διάθεσις}Refs 3rd c.AD+

διατίθημι, 3rd.pers. plural imperfect διετίθουν Refs 4th c.BC+:—arrange each in their several places, distribute, τὰ κρέα, in sacrificing, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II manage well or ill, usually with adverb, κράτιστα δ. τὰ τοῦ πολέμου Refs 5th c.BC+; of persons, δ. ἑωυτὸν ἀνηκέστως treat himself barbarously, Refs 5th c.BC+ —passive, οὐ ῥᾳδίως διετέθη he was not very gently handled, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀπόρως διατεθέντας reduced to helplessness, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 with accusative person, with adverbs, dispose one so or so, ὅταν οὕτω διαθῇς τοὺς Ἕλληνας Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, to be disposed in a certain manner, πρός τινα Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐρωτικῶς δ., of animals, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III set forth, of speakers, minstrels, etc., recite, κακῶς ποιήματα Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.2 describe, Refs 1st c.BC+ __B middle, arrange as one likes, dispose of, τὴν θυγατέρα Refs 5th c.BC+; spend, δ. τὰς οὐσίας εἴς τι Refs 2nd c.BC+ __B.2 dispose of one's property, devise it by will, Refs 4th c.BC+; δ. διαθήκας, διαθήκην, make a will, Refs 5th c.BC+; κἂν ἀποθάνῃ μὴ διαθέμενος intestate, Refs 4th c.BC+; ὁ δ. the testator, NT __B.3 dispose of merchandise, φόρτον Refs 5th c.BC+; δ. τὴν ὥραν καὶ τὴν σοφίαν Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.4 arrange or settle mutually, δ. διαθήκην τινί make a covenant with one, NT+5th c.BC+; ἔριν δ. ἀλλήλοις settle a quarrel, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.5 compose, make, νόμους Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.6 set forth, recite, λόγους, δημηγορίαν, etc., Refs 2nd c.BC+ __B.6.b Grammars, διατιθέναι and -τίθεσθαι to act and be acted upon, Refs 2nd c.AD+; τὸ διατιθέν and τὸ διατιθέμενον subject and object, Refs

† I. אֲמָנָה n.f. faith, support. 1. אֲנַחְנוּ כֹּרְתִים אֲמָנָה we are plighting faith (make a sure covenant AV RV) Ne 10:1. 2. א׳ עַ�� המ׳ support, fixed provision, for the singers Ne 11:23.

† בֹּרִית n.f. lye, alkali, potash, soap, used in washing Je 2:22 Mal 3:2.

προκῡρόομαι, passive, to be ratified or confirmed before, ἐν τῷ -κεκυρωμένῳ ψαφίσματι Refs 2nd c.BC+; διαθήκη -κεκυρωμένη ὑπὸ τοῦ εοῦ NT:—middle, Refs