Chains and Fetters

δεσμός, ὁ, plural δεσμά Refs 6th c.BC+, and so mostly in Trag., Refs 5th c.BC+: both forms in Attic dialect Inscrr., δεσμοί Refs the latter preferred by Refs 6th c.AD+, Attic dialect accusative to Refs 5th c.AD+:—band, bond, anything for tying and fastening, as halter, Refs 8th c.BC+; mooring-cable, Refs 8th c.BC+; door-latch, Refs; yoke-strap, Refs 5th c.BC+: metaphorically, any bond of union or connexion, Refs 5th c.BC+; of the vowels, Refs; δεσμοὶ πολιτείας, of the laws, Refs; εἰς τὰ δεσμοῦ for binding material, Refs 1st c.BC+ __2 in plural (never δεσμά in this sense), bonds, chains, ἐκ δεσμῶν λυθῆναι Refs 4th c.BC+; πρὶν ἂν ἐξ ἀγρίων δ. χαλάσῃRefs 5th c.BC+; ὁ ἐπὶ τῶν δ., ={δεσμοφύλαξ}, Refs 2nd c.AD+: in singular, collectively, bonds, imprisonment, δ. ἀχλυόεις epigram cited in Refs 5th c.BC+: metaphorically of moral bondage, Refs 3rd c.AD+ __3 ligature, Refs 4th c.BC+ __4 δ. ἄρθρου in Refs 5th c.BC+ (at [prev. work]) as ankylosis. __5 spell, charm, Refs 4th c.AD+ __II ={δέσμη}, Papyrus in Refs 1st c.BC+; δ. ἀργυρίου LXX

ἅλῠσις (on the breathing see Hdn.Gr. 1.539), εως, ἡ, chain, χαλκέῃ ἁλύσι δεδεμένη ἄγκυραNT+5th c.BC+ __2 collectively, chains, bondage, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __3 link in chain armour, Refs 2nd c.AD+

† [מוֹסֵר] n.m. Is 28:22 band, bond, poet. & late (= מֹאסֵר; Ethiopic ማእሰr Syriac ܡܶܐܣܰܪܬܳܐ, cf. Assyrian mêsiru, sheathing, plating, e.g. LyonSargontexte, p. 16, l. 65 & p. 80)—cstr. מוּסַר Jb 12:18 (so Di Hoffm al. for מוּסַר); pl. מוֹסֵרוֹת Je 5:5; 27:2; cstr. מֹסְרוֹת Jb 39:5; מוֹסְרֵי Is 52:2; sf. מוֹסֵרָ֑י ψ 116:16; מוֹסְרוֹתֶיךָ Je 30:8; מוֹסְרֵיכֶם Is 28:22; מוֹסְרוֹתֵ֑ימוֹ ψ 2:3 etc.;—bands acc. after פִתֵּחַ Jb 39:5 restraining-bands of wild ass; ψ 116:16 bonds of distress; Is 52:2 מ׳ צַוָּארֵךְ bonds of captivity of Zion, vb. Hithp.; cf. also Jb 12:18 מוֹסַר מְלָכִים פִּתֵּחַ (so read, v. supr. & AV RV); Di understands bonds imposed by kings; Hoffm girdles of kings, & reads וַיָּסַר in ‖, for וַיֶּאְסַר; more often acc. after נִתֵּק ψ 2:3 bonds imposed by י׳ & his anointed, cf. Je 5:5 & 2:20 (𝔊 𝔙, v. Comm.); of Yahweh’s breaking bonds of Isr. Je 30:8 Na 1:13 (last four ‖ שָׁבַר עֹל), bonds of oppressed ψ 107:14; יֶחְזְקוּ מ׳ Is 28:22, i.e. bonds imposed by Assyria; cf. Je 27:2 (‖ מֹט) lit., symbol. of rule of Nebuchadrezzar.

† II. יֶ֫תֶר n.m. Ju 16:7 cord (proposes as hanging over or down; Aramaic יַתְרָא part of the intestines, 𝔗 יְתָרַיָּא ropes, ܝܰܬܪܳܐ cord, rope, chord of arc; Arabic وَتَرٌ bow-string, lute-string; Ethiopic ወትር sinew, cord; ወተረ stretch bowstring, strain (eyes), be intent, eager, etc.)—יֶתֶ֑ר ψ 11:2 + 5times; sf. יִתְרוֹ Kt Jb 30:11 (יִתְרִי Qr); יִתְרָם Jb 4:21;—cord, for binding a man Ju 16:7, 8, 9; bowstring ψ 11:2 Jb 30:11 (according to Qr, opp. 29:20 b; Kt = his cord, with which he reins in my assailants; cf. Di Da). Jb 4:21 tent-cord Ew De Di RV; yet read perhaps יְתֵדָם their tent-peg, so Ol Hi Sgfr (> AV their excellency, from i. יֶתֶר).

† II. [זֵק] n.[m.] fetter, only pl. זִקִּים:—fetters of captives רֻתְּקוּ בַּזּ׳ Na 3:10; בַּוּ׳ יַעֲבֹ֑רוּ Is 45:14; בְּז׳ ψ 149:8 (c. אסר; ‖ כַּבְלֵי בַרְזֶל); fig. בַּזּ׳ Jb 36:8 (c. אסר; ‖ חַבְלֵי עֹ֑נִי).

πέδη, ἡ, (πέζα) fetter: in plural, shackles, ἀμφὶ δὲ ποσσὶ πέδας ἔβαλε χρυσείας, of horses, Refs 8th c.BC+; of men, τοῖς ἀδίκοις ἀμφιτίθησι πέδας Refs 6th c.BC+; πεδέων ζεῦγος pair of fetters, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐν πέδαις (variant{ἐς πέδας}) δῆσαί τινα put one in fetters, Refs 5th c.BC+, of the robe in which Agamemnon was entangled, Refs 4th c.BC+: in singular, of the poisoned robe of Nessus, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. Ἑλληνικαί, of the fortresses of Chalcis, Corinth, and Demetrias, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __2 anklet, bangle, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 of fishing-nets, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II mode of breaking in a horse by riding him in a figure-of-eight course (compare ἱπποπέδη), Refs 5th c.BC+

† אֱסוּר n.[m.] band, bond (𝔗 אֲסוּר, אֵיסוּר, Syriac ܐܶܣܳܪ, ܐܰܣܽܘܪ );—abs. א׳ Dn 4:12, 20 (of iron and bronze, for stump, in Neb.’s vision); pl. abs. אֱסוּרִין Ezr 7:26 bonds = imprisonment.

† רַתּוֹק n.[m.] chain (on form LagBN 89);—abs. עֲשֵׂה הָר׳ Ez 7:23, i.e. for captives, but very dub.; Co עָרֹה וּבָקוֹק, Krae עֹשֵׂי הַבַּתּוֹק (ב׳ = Assyrian butâḳu, obstruction); hence perhaps also pl. cstr. רַתּוּקוֹת זָהָב 1 K 6:21 Qr (Kt רתיקות), chains of gold before the דְּבִיר in temple.

† [אֲזֵק] n.[m.] id., specific. menacle, only pl. manacles אָסוּר בָּאזִקִּים Je 40:1, and מִן־הָאזִקִּים אֲשֶׁר על־ידך v 4.

† [חַרְצֻבָּה] n.[f.] bond, fetter, pang, only pl. חַרְצֻבּוֹת;— 1. cstr. ח׳ רֶשַׁע Is 58:6 bonds of wickedness i. e. imposed by wicked men (‖ אֲגֻדּוֹת מוֹטָה). 2. pangs (cf. חֶבֶל, חֵבֶל), abs. אֵין ח׳ למותם ψ 73:4 they have no pangs (read לָ֑מוֹ תָּם וגו׳).

† כֶּ֫בֶל n.[m.] fetter(s), late;—sg. coll. עִנּוּ בַכּ׳ רגליו ψ 105:18 they humbled his feet with fetters(‖ בַּרְזֶל); pl. cstr. אסר בְּכַבְלֵי בַרְזֶל 149:8 (‖ זִקִּים)

σειρά, Ionic dialect σειρή, Doric dialect σηρά Refs 4th c.AD+: ἡ:— cord, rope, σειράς τ᾽ εὐπλέκτους Refs 8th c.BC+; σ. χρυσείη cord of gold, LXX+8th c.BC+; σειραὶ ζόφου variant in NT __2 trace (compare σειραφόρος), Refs 2nd c.AD+ __3 cord or line with a noose, lasso, used by the Sagartians and Sarmatians, Refs 5th c.BC+ __4 a bandage, Refs 2nd c.AD+; σ. μονομερής, διμερής, κτλ. Refs 2nd c.AD+ __5 ἡ σ. τοῦ βίρρου,= cimussatio (probably edge, border), Refs __II metaphorically of an animal's tail, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __III σειραὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς locks of hair, LXX+2nd c.AD+ __IV metaphorically, line, lineage, Tz.ad Refs 8th c.BC+ __V series, Refs 5th c.AD+ __VI plural, a disease of horses, Refs __VII the front part of the perineum, Refs 6th c.AD+