Ashes Combustion Residue

† אֵ֫פֶר n.[m.] ashes (as light, flying?)—א׳ abs. Gn 18:27 +; cstr. Nu 19:9, 10—ashes of red heifer, used in purifications Nu 19:9, 10; on head, as sign of humiliation 2 S 13:19; contrition Dn 9:3 (‖ צוֹם, שַׂק), Jon 3:6 (‖ שַׂק) cf. Jb 42:6 (עָפָר וא׳), Is 58:5 (‖ שַׂק); mourning Est 4:1, 3 (‖ שַׂק) cf. Jb 2:8 (ישׁב בתוך הא׳), Je 6:26 (‖ שַׂק), Ez 27:30 (‖ עפר); in sim. scattereth hoarfrost כָּא׳ ψ 147:16; but also as filthy, loathsome כעפר וא׳ Jb 30:19 (Di sim. of mourning, grief), as worthless, מִשְׁלֵי א׳ Jb 13:12 proverbs of ashes; fig. of worthlessness Is 44:20; insignificance עפר וא׳ Gn 18:27; ignominy Ez 28:18 Mal 3:21; distress & sorrow א׳ כַּלֶּחֶם אָכָ֑לְתִּי ψ 102:10 (so Assyrian cf. ZimBP 42) cf. La 3:16 Is 61:3 (פְּאֵר תַּחַת אֵפֶר).

† דֶּ֫שֶׁן n.m. fatness, fat ashes—abs. ד׳ ψ 63:6 + 8 times, דָּ֑שֶׁן Lv 1:16 + 3 times; cstr. דֶּשֶׁן ψ 36:9; sf. דִּשְׁנִי Ju 9:9— 1. fatness, abundance, luxuriance, oil, Ju 9:9 (of olive tree); abundance, fertility ψ 63:5 (in simile ‖ חֵלֶב), 65:12, of food and drink, Jb 36:16 Je 31:14; passing over into fig. of spiritual blessing ψ 36:9 (ד׳ ביתך), Is 55:2. 2. fat ashes, i.e. ashes of victims, mixed with the fat Lv 1:16; 4:12(×2); 6:3, 4 (all P) Je 31:40 1 Ki 13:3, 5.

σποδός, ἡ, wood-ashes, embers, Refs 8th c.BC+: generally, ashes, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐπ᾽ Ἰσμηνοῦ τε μαντεία σ., of the ashes of an altar, Refs 5th c.BC+; of the dead, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀμφὶ σποδὸν κάρᾳ κεχύμεθα, in sign of mourning, Refs 5th c.BC+:—death by plunging into a room filled with ashes, αὐτήν μιν ῥῖψαι ἐς οἴκημα σποδοῦ πλέον Refs 5th c.BC+; as a Persian punishment (cf. Val. LXX+5th c.BC+ __II dust, τῆς χαμᾶθεν σποδοῦ Refs 5th c.BC+; μετρεῖν τὴν σ., of labour in vain, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __III oxide of certain metals, σ. Κυπρίη copper oxide, Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV metaphorically, κυλίκων, πίθων σ., of a bibulous old woman, 'soaker', 'sponge', Refs 1st c.AD+ __V lava, Refs 1st c.BC+

καταχράομαι, Delph. καταχρέομαι Refs 2nd c.BC+: future - χρήσομαι Refs 5th c.BC+perfect -κέχρημαι both in active and passive senses (see.below): aorist -εχρήσθην (see.belowRefs:—make full use of, apply, τινὶ εἰς.., ἐπί.., πρός τι, Refs 5th c.BC+; μάρτυσι κ. πρὸς τὸ.. Refs 4th c.BC+; λόγους.. οἷσπερ νυνὶ κατακέχρηται (in active sense) Refs 5th c.BC+perfect participle in passive sense, ἐξεύρημα.. Ἀθήνησιν.. κατακεχρημένον ἐν συμποσίοις ἰδίᾳ 'στί is fashionable at private banquets there, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II do what one likes with a person or thing, καταχρήσασθέ μοι, εἰ δοκῶ τοιοῦτος εἶναι Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.2 use up, consume, of money, etc., with accusative, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ κρέα ἐν τὰν δαμοθοινίαν Refs 2nd c.BC+; lay out, apply money, εἴς τι Refs 4th c.BC+; ἐνταῦθα on this, Refs 4th c.BC+: perfect in active sense, ὅσα κατακέχρημαι Ἀθήνησι Refs 3rd c.AD+:—passive, to be spent, consumed, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 misuse, abuse, Refs 5th c.BC+[same place]; κ. ὀνόματι use it in a wrong sense, misapply it, Refs 5th c.BC+; fall into an error, Refs 6th c.AD+misappropriate, Refs __II.4 of persons, in bad sense, make away with, destroy, kill, with accusative, Refs 5th c.BC+ —passive, aorist -χρησθῆναι, ἐδέοντό μιν κ. requested that he might be put to death, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III pretend, allege, ὡς.. Refs 4th c.BC+; ὅτι.. Refs __B active καταχράω only Ionic dialect, used only in 3rd.pers. singular, ἀντὶ λόφου ἡ λοφιὴ κατέχρα the mane sufficed them for a crest, Refs 5th c.BC+; elsewhere impersonal, it suffices, οὐδέ οἱ καταχρήσει.. ὑμέων ἀπέχεσθαι nor will he be satisfied to keep his hands off you, Refs; ὥς οἱ καταχρᾷ εἰ βούλονται that it is sufficient for him, if.., Refs; καταχρήσει it will suffice, Refs 3rd c.BC+

† אֲפֵר n.[m.] covering, bandage (Assyrian ipru, covering ZimBP 95, êpartu, garment, Id.ib. & DlPr 54) א׳ עַל־עֵינָיו 1 K 20:38 cf. v 41.

מִשְׁפְּתַ֫יִם n.[m.] du. prob. fire-places or ash-heaps (viz. of the villages or encampments of the tribe) (> Ki Thes and most sheepfolds, v. StuJu);—בֵּין הַמִּשְׁפְּתַ֫יִם Ju 5:16 (poem; cf. GFM); so (-תָּ֑יִם) Gn 49:14 (poem in J).