1. haughtiness, pride — Haughtiness, arrogance, or prideful self-exaltation, the moral-negative sense of רוּם/רֻם. In Isa 2:11 and 2:17, the 'loftiness of man' (רוּם עֵינֵי הָאָדָם / רוּם הָאָדָם) will be humbled on the Day of the LORD; in Isa 10:12, God will punish the 'loftiness' of the king of Assyria's heart; in Jer 48:29, the 'haughtiness' of Moab; in Prov 21:4, 'haughtiness of eyes' is sin. Arabic عُلُوُّ/ارْتِفَاعُ (exaltation/elevation), Korean 높음/높임 (height/exaltation), Spanish soberbia/altivez (pride/haughtiness), Hindi ऊंचाई/घमंड (height/arrogance), German Erhabenheit (exaltedness). The Hindi shift to घमंड (arrogance) in Prov 21:4 and Spanish shift to altivez (haughtiness) confirm the moral-pejorative nuance. All five clusters share this single sense of prideful height used metaphorically for human or national arrogance. 5×
AR["رِفْعَةُ-","عُلُوُّ","عُلُوِّ","وَارْتِفَاعُ"]·ben["উঁচু","উচ্চতা","উদ্ধত","এবং-উচ্চতা"]·DE["Erhabenheit","erhob","und-Erhabenheit"]·EN["and-haughtiness-of","haughtiness-of","loftiness-of"]·FR["et-hauteur","hauteur","רום"]·heb["ו-רום","רום","רום-"]·HI["ऊंचाई","ऊंची-","और-ऊंचाई","घमंड-"]·ID["Tinggi","dan-ketinggian","ketinggian"]·IT["altezza","e-altezza","haughtiness-di"]·jav["inggil-saking","kainggilan","lan-dhuwuripun","nginggil"]·KO["그리고-높임을","높은-","높음을","높음이"]·PT["Altívez-de-","altivez-de","e-altura-de","exaltação-de"]·RU["высота","высота-","и-превозношение","надменности"]·ES["Altivez-de-","altivez-de","soberbia-de","y-altivez-de"]·SW["kiburi-cha","majivuno-ya","na-kujivuna-kwa","wa-kiburi"]·TR["gururu-","ve-yükseltişini","yuksekligi","yuksekligin"]·urd["اور-سرکشی","بلندی","بلندی-","غرور"]
▼ 1 more sense below
Senses
2. height (physical/spatial) — Physical or spatial height as a measurable dimension, used in Prov 25:3 where 'the heavens for height' (שָׁמַיִם לָרוּם) is paired with 'the earth for depth' as things unsearchable, analogous to a king's heart. Arabic لِلارْتِفاعِ (for elevation), Korean 높이를 위함이요 (for the sake of height), Spanish para altura (for height), Hindi ऊंचाई में (in height). While the moral and spatial senses share etymology, Prov 25:3 uses רוּם in a strictly dimensional, non-moral way to describe the immeasurability of the sky, distinguishing it from the 'haughtiness' sense where human pride is condemned. 1×
AR["لِلارْتِفاعِ"]·ben["-উচ্চতায়"]·DE["zu-erhob"]·EN["for-height"]·FR["à-לרום"]·heb["ל-רום"]·HI["ऊंचाई-में"]·ID["karena-tinggi"]·IT["per-per-height"]·jav["kanggé-inggil"]·KO["높이-를-위함이요"]·PT["para-altura"]·RU["в-высоту"]·ES["para-altura"]·SW["kwa-urefu"]·TR["yükseklikte"]·urd["بلندی-میں"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† רוּם, רֻם n.[m.] height, haughtiness (proposes inf.);—abs. ר׳, 1. height, loftiness, שָׁמַיִם לָר׳ וָאָרֶץ לָעֹמֶק Pr 25:3; cstr. רוּם עֵינַיִם fig. of haughtiness Is 10:12 (‖ גֹּדֶל לֵבָב), Pr 21:4 (‖ רְחַב־לֵב); so רֻם לִבּוֹ Je 48:29 (‖ גַּאֲוָה, גָּאוֹן, גֹּבַתּ); then alone: 2. haughtiness, רוּם אֲנָשִׁים Is 2:11, 17 (both ‖ גַּבְהוּת).