H7219 H7219
poison, venom, gall; head, chief (homonym confusion); poisonous plant, venomous herb
2. head, chief (homonym confusion) — This cluster appears to conflate the homonym rosh II (poison) with rosh I (head/chief), as evidenced by divergent glosses. English 'the head of,' Arabic 'رَأْسَ' (head), Korean '머리를' (head), Spanish 'Cabeza de' (head of) in S134085 clearly translate rosh I (head), not rosh II (poison). Similarly S134089 shows English 'my head,' Arabic 'رَأْسَ' (head), Korean '머리' (head). The Swahili glosses ('sumu ya' = poison of, 'uchungu' = bitterness) diverge, suggesting translator inconsistency. These should be flagged for manual review. 1×
AR["رَأْسَ-"]·ben["মাথা-"]·DE["Haupt"]·EN["the-head-of"]·FR["ראש"]·heb["ראש"]·HI["सिर"]·ID["kepala"]·IT["il-capo-di"]·jav["sirah-"]·KO["머리를-"]·PT["Cabeça-de"]·RU["яд-"]·ES["Cabeza-de-"]·SW["sumu-ya"]·TR["başını-"]·urd["زہر-"]
▼ 2 more senses below
Senses
1. poison, venom, gall — A toxic or bitter substance, used both literally for snake venom and figuratively for bitter experiences or divine judgment. English 'poison/gall/poison-of,' Spanish 'veneno/hiel/ponzoña' (poison/bile/venom), Hindi 'विष/ज़हर' (poison/venom), Arabic 'عَلْقَمٍ/سُمِّ/الْعَلْقَمَ' (colocynth-bitter/poison), Korean '독/쓴 것' (poison/bitter thing), and Swahili 'sumu/na sumu' (poison). This core sense covers the toxic substance itself, whether ingested or applied, as well as metaphorical bitterness. 10×
AR["إلى-سُمِّ","العَلْقَمِ","رَأْسَ","سُمًّا","سُمٍّ","عَلْقَماً","عَلْقَمٍ","وَالعَلْقَمَ","وَسُمُّ"]·ben["-বিষে","এবং-বিষ","এবং-মাথা","বিষ","বিষের","মাথায়"]·DE["Gift","Haupt","poison","und-Haupt","und-poison-von","zu-Haupt"]·EN["and-gall","and-poison-of","into-poison","my-head","poison"]·FR["et-poison-de","et-tête","poison","tête"]·heb["ו-ראש","ל-ראש","ראש"]·HI["और-ज़हर","और-विष","ज़हर-के","में-ज़हर","विष","विष-का","शीर्ष-पर"]·ID["beracun","dan-empedu","dan-racun","empedu","menjadi-racun","racun"]·IT["[לראש]","capo","e-poison-di","e-veleno","poison","veleno"]·jav["lan-pait","lan-wisa","pangadilan","racun","sirah"]·KO["그리고-독-을","그리고-머리(접)","독의","독초와","머리-와","쓴-것-을","으로-독"]·PT["e-peçonha-de","e-veneno","em-veneno","fel","veneno"]·RU["в-яд","голову","и-горечь","и-яд","яд","ядовитой","ядовитые"]·ES["de-veneno","en-veneno","hiel","veneno","y-hiel","y-ponzoña-de"]·SW["kuwa-sumu","na-sumu","sumu","uchungu"]·TR["baş","ve-zehir","ve-zehiri","zehir","zehire","zehirin","zehirli"]·urd["اور-زہر","زہر","زہر-میں","زہر-کے","زہریلا","سر"]
3. poisonous plant, venomous herb — A toxic plant or herb that produces poison, focusing on the botanical source rather than the extracted substance. English 'like poisonous plant,' Spanish 'como hierba venenosa' (like poisonous herb), Hindi 'जहरीले पौधे जैसा' (like a poisonous plant), Arabic 'كَالسُّمِّ' (like poison), Korean '독초에 같으니라' (like a poisonous herb), and Swahili 'kama sumu' (like poison). The simile form and the specific botanical reference ('plant/herb') distinguish this from the abstract substance sense, pointing to a concrete growing thing. 1×
AR["كَالسُّمِّ"]·ben["বিষের-মতো-"]·DE["[כראש]"]·EN["like-poisonous-plant"]·FR["poison"]·heb["כ-ראש"]·HI["जहरीले-पौधे-जैसा"]·IT["[כראש]"]·jav["kados-racun"]·KO["같으니라-독초에"]·PT["como-erva-venenosa"]·RU["как-яд"]·ES["como-hierba-venenosa"]·SW["kama-sumu"]·TR["zehirli-ot-gibi"]·urd["زہریلی-بوٹی-کی-طرح"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† II. רֹאשׁ and (†Dt 32:32) רוֹשׁ n.m. Dt 32:33 a bitter and poisonous herb, then venom, always fig.;— 1. a bitter and poisonous herb, + (or ‖) לַעֲנָה Dt 29:17; La 3:19, so (מֵי רֹאשׁ) Je 9:14; 23:15; מֵי ר׳ (without ל׳) 8:14; עִנְּבֵי־רוֹשׁ Dt 32:32 (‖ מְרֹרֹת); רֹאשׁ וּתְלָאָה La 3:5; ר׳ alone ψ 69:22; וּפָרַח כָּרֹאשׁ מִשְׁפָּט Ho 10:4, הֲפַכְתֶּם לְר׳ מִשְׁפָּט Am 6:12. 2. venom, of serpents, ר׳ פְּתָנִים Dt 32:33; Jb 20:16.