מִנְחָה153 H4503
grain/cereal offering (cultic); offering/oblation (general cultic); gift/present (secular); tribute (political/vassal)
1. grain/cereal offering (cultic) — The technical Priestly term for the cereal/meal offering described in Leviticus 2, consisting of fine flour, oil, and frankincense; Arabic consistently renders تَقْدِمَة (taqdīma, 'formal presentation/oblation'), Korean uses the specific compound 소제 (soje, 'grain/meal offering') distinguishing it from generic 제물, Swahili specifies sadaka ya nafaka ('offering of grain/food'), and Hindi uses the dedicated compound अन्नबलि (annabali, 'food-offering'), all confirming this as a distinct technical cultic sense narrower than the general 'offering' meaning. 139×
AR["لِ-تَقْدِمَةٍ","لِتَقْدِمَةٍ","لِـ-تَقْدِمَةٍ","وَ-تَقْدِمَتَهُمْ","وَ-تَقْدِمَتُهُمْ","وَتَقْدِمَتُهَا","وَتَقْدِمَتُهُمْ"]·ben["এবং-তাদের-ভক্ষ্য-নৈবেদ্য","এবং-তাদের-শস্য-উৎসর্গ","নৈবেদ্যের-জন্য","ভক্ষ্য-নৈবেদ্য-রূপে।","শস্য-উৎসর্গের-জন্য","শস্য-নৈবেদ্যের-জন্য"]·DE["fuer-Speiseopfer","und-ihr-Getreide-Opfergabe","zu-Speisopfer"]·EN["and-their-grain-offering","for-grain-offering"]·FR["et-leur-grain-offrande","offrande","pour-offrande-de-grain"]·heb["ו-מנחה","ל-מנחה"]·HI["अन्नबलि-के-लिए","और-अन्नबलि-इनकी","और-अन्नबलि-उनकी","और-उनके-अन्नबलि","भेंट-के-लिए","में-तेल"]·ID["beserta-persembahan-biji-bijian-mereka","dan-korban-sajian-mereka","dan-persembahan-sajian-mereka","dengan-persembahan-makanan-mereka","sebagai-korban-sajian","untuk-korban-sajian","untuk-persembahan-biji-bijian","untuk-persembahan-sajian"]·IT["a-offerta","e-loro-grano-offerta","per-oblazione","per-offerta-di-grano"]·jav["Lan-kurban-dhaharanipun","kagem-kurban-dhaharan","kangge-kurban-dhaharan","kangge-pisungsung-dhaharan","kanggé-kurban-dhaharan","lan-pisungsung-dhaharan-ipun"]·KO["곡식-제물로","그리고-그것들의-소제는","그리고-그들의-소제","소제-로","소제를-위하여","에-소제물을-위하여"]·PT["E-oferta-de-cereais-deles","e-oferta-de-cereais-deles","e-oferta-de-cereais-sua","e-sua-oferta-de-cereal","para-oferta-de-cereais"]·RU["для-приношения","для-хлебного-приношения","и-хлебное-приношение-их"]·ES["Y-ofrenda-de-ellos","para-ofrenda","para-ofrenda-de-grano","y-ofrenda-de-ellos","y-su-ofrenda-de-grano"]·SW["Umnhtm","kwa-sadaka-ya-nafaka","na-sadaka-yake-ya-nafaka","na-sadaka-zao-za-nafaka"]·TR["-e-tahla-sunu","-için-tahıl-sunusu","-tahıl-sunu-için","tahıl-sunusu-için","ve-tahıl-sunuları","ve-tahıl-sunuları-onların","ve-tahıl-sunusunu"]·urd["اور-اُن-کا-نذرانہ","اور-اُن-کی-نذر","اور-نذر-اُن-کی","لئے-نذر-کی-قربانی-کے","نذر-کے-لیے","نذرانے-کے-لیے"]
Exod 30:9, Lev 2:3, Lev 2:8, Lev 2:9, Lev 2:10, Lev 2:11, Lev 6:14, Lev 6:15, Lev 6:15, Lev 9:4, Lev 14:20, Lev 14:21 (+38 more)
▼ 3 more senses below
Senses
2. offering/oblation (general cultic) — The broader cultic sense of מִנְחָה as any offering presented to God, including both animal and vegetable offerings (as in Genesis 4:3-5 where both Cain's produce and Abel's animal are called מִנְחָה), and prophetic/devotional contexts; Arabic still uses تَقْدِمَة (taqdīma) but Korean shifts to generic 제물 (jemul, 'sacrifice/offering') or 예물 (yemul, 'votive offering') rather than the specific 소제, Swahili uses plain sadaka ('offering') without the ya nafaka ('of grain') qualifier, Hindi uses the general भेंट (bheṇṭ, 'offering/presentation') rather than the specific अन्नबलि, and one occurrence shows Arabic ذَبِيحَة (dhabīḥa, 'slaughtered sacrifice') confirming the non-grain-specific scope of this sense. 39×
AR["التَّقْدِمَةُ","تَقدِمَةً","تَقْدِمَةً","تَقْدِمَةٍ","وَ-التَّقْدِمَةَ","وَ-تَقْدِمَةً","وَ-تَقْدِمَةٌ","وَتَقْدِمَةً","وَتَقْدِمَةٍ"]·ben["উপহার","উৎসর্গ","এবং-নৈবেদ্য","ও-নৈবেদ্য","ও-নৈবেদ্যের-সাথে","তুলে-আন","নৈবেদ্য","নৈবেদ্যের"]·DE["Opfer","Opfergabe","Speisopfer","ein-Opfer","ein-Speisopfer","und-Opfergabe","und-Speisopfer"]·EN["a-grain-offering","an-offering","and-a-grain-offering","and-grain-offering","and-offering","grain-offering","offering"]·FR["de-offrande","et-de-offrande","et-offrande","offrande"]·heb["ו-מנחה","וּ-מנחה","מִנחה","מנחה"]·HI["और-अन्नबलि","और-भेंट","भेंट"]·ID["dan-persembahan","korban-sajian","persembahan"]·IT["e-offerta","offerta"]·jav["kurban-dhaharan","kurban-dhédhér","lan-pisungsung","lan-pisungsung-dhaharan","pisungsung","pisungsung-dhaharan"]·KO["그리고-소제들을","그리고-소제로","그리고-소제와","그리고-예물-을","그리고-제물을","소제를","소제물-과","예물-을","예물을","제물","제물로","제물을"]·PT["e-a-oferta-de-cereais","e-oferta","e-oferta-de-cereais","e-ofertas","oferenda","oferta","oferta-de-cereal"]·RU["дар","и-приношение","и-приношением","и-приношения","приношение","хлебное-приношение","хлебную-жертву"]·ES["ofrenda","y-ofrenda"]·SW["minchah","na-sadaka","na-sadaka-ya-nafaka","sadaka","sadaka-ya-nafaka","sadaka-za-nafaka"]·TR["sunu","sunuyu","tahil-sunusu","tahıl-sunusu","ve-sunu","ve-sunu-","ve-sunuyu","ve-tahıl-sunusu"]·urd["اور-نذر","اور-نذر-کو","اور-نذریں","اور-ہدیہ","نذر","نذرانہ","ہدیہ"]
Gen 4:3, Gen 4:4, Gen 4:5, Num 16:15, Judg 6:18, 1 Sam 2:17, 1 Sam 2:29, 1 Sam 2:29, 1 Sam 3:14, 1 Sam 26:19, 1 Chr 16:29, 2 Chr 32:23 (+27 more)
3. gift/present (secular) — A gift or present given between humans in non-cultic contexts, such as Jacob's gift to Esau (Genesis 32:14) or diplomatic presents; Arabic decisively shifts to هَدِيَّة (hadiyya, 'gift/present') — a completely different root from the cultic تَقْدِمَة — providing the strongest evidence of a genuine polysemy split, Korean uses 선물 (seonmul, 'gift/present') rather than any offering term, Swahili uses zawadi ('gift/present') instead of sadaka ('offering'), and Hindi uses भेंट (bheṇṭ) in its secular 'present' sense or मेरी भेंट (merī bheṇṭ, 'my gift'). 18×
AR["الْ-هَدِيَّةَ","الْهَدِيَّةُ","بِ-الْهَدِيَّةِ","بِ-تَقْدِمَةٍ","تَقدِمَتَهُ","هَديَّةً","هَدِيَّةً","هَدِيَّةٌ","هَدِيَّتِ-ي","وَاحِدٍ","وَهَدِيَّةً"]·ben["-উপহার","-উপহার-দিয়ে","আমার-উপহার","উপহার","উপহারের-জন্য-","এবং-উপহার","তার-উপহার","সহিত-নৈবেদ্য"]·DE["Opfergabe","Speisopfer","das-Geschenk","ein-Geschenk","ein-gift","gift","mein-Geschenk","mit-dem-Geschenk","mit-ein-Speisopfer","sein-gift","und-Speisopfer","und-gift"]·EN["a-gift","a-tribute","and-a-gift","and-gift","gift","his-gift","my-gift","the-gift","with-a-gift","with-the-gift"]·FR["avec-le-don","dans-offrande","don","et-gift","et-offrande","gift","le-don","mon-don","offrande","son-gift","un-don","un-gift"]·heb["ב-ה-מנחה","ב-מנחה","ה-מנחה","ו-מנחה","מִנְחָה","מִנְחָתוֹ","מנחה","מנחה-ו","מנחה-י"]·HI["अपनी-भेंट","और-भेंट","भेंट","भेंट-अपनी-उसकी","भेंट-से","मिन्खाह","में-भेंट-के-साथ","मेरी-भेंट"]·ID["dan-hadiah","dengan-persembahan","persembahan","persembahan-itu","persembahan-ku","persembahannya"]·IT["con-il-dono","dono","e-dono","e-offerta","il-dono","mio-dono","offerta","suo-dono","un-dono"]·jav["kalayan-pisungsung","kangge-raja","lan-bebungah","lan-pisungsung","pisungsung","pisungsung-kawula","pisungsung-punika","pisungsungè"]·KO["-예물-로","그-선물로","그-선물이","그-의-선물","그리고-선물을","그리고-예물을","그의-선물을","나의-선물을","선물로","선물을","선물이다","예물을"]·PT["com-o-presente","com-presente","e-presente","o-presente","presente","presente-meu","presente-seu","sua-oferta"]·RU["-дар","-даром","дар","дар-мой","дар-свой","дара","и-дар","с-даром"]·ES["con-el-presente","con-presente","el-presente","ofrenda-de-él","presente","presente-mío","regalo","su-ofrenda","tributo","y-presente"]·SW["-zawadi","hii","kwa-zawadi","kwangu","na-zawadi","zawadi","zawadi-yake"]·TR["-armağanla","-hediye","-hediyeyi","-hediyeyle","armagan","armağan","armağan-olarak","armağanını","hediye","hediyemi","hediyesini-onun","ve-hediye"]·urd["اور-تحفہ","اور-تحفے","اپنا-ہدیہ","تحفہ","تحفے-سے","میرا-تحفہ","نذر-سے","نذرانہ","نذرانہ-اس","نذرانہ-وہ","نذرانے-کے-طور-پر","ہدیہ-اپنا"]
4. tribute (political/vassal) — A compulsory payment or tribute from a vassal or subject nation to a dominant power, as in Judges 3:15-18 (Ehud's tribute to Eglon) and 2 Samuel 8:2,6 (conquered peoples bearing tribute); Arabic uses جِزْيَة (jizya, 'poll-tax/tribute') alongside هَدِيَّة (hadiyya), with جِزْيَة being the decisive discriminator since it specifically denotes compulsory political payment rather than voluntary gift, Korean uses 공물 (gongmul, 'tribute goods') and 조공 (jogong, 'tributary payment') — specialized political-economy terms absent from all other senses — and Swahili uses kodi ('tax') and ushuru ('duty/tariff') rather than zawadi ('gift') or sadaka ('offering'), confirming a distinct coerced-payment semantics. 15×
AR["الْهَدِيَّةَ","الْهَدِيَّةِ","تَقْدِمَةً","جِزيَةً","جِزْيَةً","جِزْيَةٍ","هَدِيَّةً"]·ben["আনছিল","উপহার","উপহার-","উপহারের","উপহারের-","দায়ূদ","নজরানা","বহনকারীরা"]·DE["Speisopfer","Tribut","der-tribute","ein-tribute"]·EN["a-tribute","the-tribute","tribute"]·FR["de-offrande","le-tribut","offrande","tribut","un-tribut"]·heb["ה-מנחה","מנחה"]·HI["उपहार-की","कर","भेंट","भेंट-को","भेंट-को।"]·ID["persembahan","upeti"]·IT["il-tribute","offerta","tributo","un-tribute"]·jav["pisungsung","pisungsung-punika","upeti"]·KO["공물","공물-을","공물을","그-공물을","예물과","예물을","조공을"]·PT["o-tributo","tributo"]·RU["дань","дар"]·ES["el-tributo","tributo"]·SW["kodi","na-wakimtumikia","ushuru","zawadi"]·TR["de-sununun","de-sunuyu","haracı","haraç","harç","hediye","sunu"]·urd["تحفہ","تحفے","خراج","خراج۔","نذر","نذرانہ","نذرانہ-کے","ہدیہ"]
Judg 3:15, Judg 3:17, Judg 3:18, Judg 3:18, 2 Sam 8:2, 2 Sam 8:6, 1 Kgs 4:21, 2 Kgs 17:3, 2 Kgs 17:4, 1 Chr 18:2, 1 Chr 18:6, 2 Chr 17:5 (+3 more)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
מִנְחָה153 n.f. gift, tribute, offering (NH id.; Ph. מנחת; 𝔗 מִנְחָתָא on Arabic v. supr.);—abs. מ׳ Gn 4:3 + 81 times; cstr. מִנְחַת Lv 2:7 + 22 times; sf. מִנְחָתִי Gn 33:10 + 3 times; + 41 times sfs. sg.; pl. sf. מִנְחֹתֶיךָ ψ 20:4; מִנְחֹתֵיכֶם Nu 29:39 Am 5:22;— †1. gift, present Gn 32:14, 19, 21, 22 (E), 33:10; 43:11, 15, 25, 26 (J), Ju 6:18 1 S 10:27 1 K 10:25=2 Ch 9:24 2 K 8:8, 9;…