הַר558 H2022
Mountain, hill, or highland region; a single peak, a range of mountains, or an inhabited hill country district.
One of the most common nouns in the Hebrew Bible, har denotes any elevated landmass from a solitary peak to an entire highland territory. When Scripture says Moses went up 'the mountain' (Exod 19:3), the word evokes a singular, awe-inspiring summit where heaven meets earth. In its plural form it sweeps across whole landscapes, as when the psalmist declares that the mountains tremble (Ps 46:2). Yet har also names inhabited regions: 'the hill country of Ephraim' is not a single summit but a rolling upland district, a usage confirmed by Romance-language glosses like 'monte de' and 'colline-pays-de' that highlight the territorial sense.
3. hill country, highland region — A mountainous district or highland region rather than a single peak, used for inhabited territories like the hill country of Ephraim (Josh 17:15), Judah, or Seir (Gen 36:8-9). Korean and French glosses often render this as 'hill country of' or 'colline-pays-de,' capturing the territorial nuance. Distinguished from senses 1 and 2 by context: when har precedes a tribal or regional name in construct, it typically means the upland district, not a solitary mountain. 56×
AR["بِ-جَبَلِ","بِ-هَرِّ","في-جَبَلِ","فِي-جَبَلِ"]·ben["-পর্বতে","-পাহাড়ে","আশের","পর্বতে","পাহাড়ে","পাহাড়ে-","বে-পর্বত"]·DE["auf-dem-Gebirge","in-Huegel-Land-von","in-Huegel-von","in-der-Berg-von","in-der-Huegel-country-von","in-mount","in-mount-von"]·EN["in-hill-country-of","in-hill-of","in-mount","in-mount-of","in-mountain-of","in-the-hill-country-of","in-the-mountain-of","on-mountain-of"]·FR["dans-colline-de","dans-colline-pays-de","dans-le-colline-country-de","dans-le-montagne-de","dans-montagne-de","dans-mount","dans-mount-de","sur-montagne-de"]·heb["ב-הר"]·HI["पर-पर्वत","पहाड़-में","पहाड़-में-","पहाड़में"]·ID["di-gunung","di-pegunungan","di-pegunungan-"]·IT["in-collina-country-di","in-collina-di","in-il-colle-paese-di","in-il-monte-di","in-monte","in-monte-di","su-monte-di"]·jav["ing-Redi","ing-redi","ing-redi-","wonten-ing-pagunungan"]·KO["~의-산에","산-에","산에서-","산지에","에-산","에-산-","에-산에","에서-산"]·PT["em-monte","em-monte-de","na-montanha-de","no-monte-de"]·RU["в-горе","на-горе"]·ES["en-el-monte-de","en-monte","en-monte-de","está-en-monte"]·SW["katika-Mlima-wa","katika-mlima","katika-mlima-","katika-mlima-wa","mlima","ya-Efraimu"]·TR["-dağında","-de-dağ","dağda","dağında","dağında-","de-dağında"]·urd["میں-پہاڑ","پہاڑ-میں","پہاڑی-میں"]
Gen 31:23, Gen 31:25, Gen 36:8, Gen 36:9, Num 13:29, Josh 9:1, Josh 10:6, Josh 10:40, Josh 11:2, Josh 11:3, Josh 11:16, Josh 11:16 (+38 more)
▼ 2 more senses below
Senses
1. mountain, mount, hill — A single elevated landmass or peak, whether a famous named mountain like Sinai (Exod 19:2) or Zion, or any contextually identified hill. Multilingual glosses consistently render this with singular forms: 'la-montagne,' 'der-Berg,' 'el-monte.' This is the overwhelmingly dominant sense, covering named sacred mountains, battlefield high ground, and poetic imagery of God's dwelling place. 373×
AR["الجَبَلَ","الجَبَلِ","الْجَبَلَ","الْجَبَلِ"]·ben["পর্বত","পর্বতকে","পর্বতে","পর্বতের","পর্বতের।"]·DE["der-Berg"]·EN["the-mountain"]·FR["la-montagne","le-montagne"]·heb["ב-הר","ה-הר"]·HI["पर-पहाड़","पर्वत","पहाड़","पहाड़-की","पहाड़-के"]·ID["gunung","gunung-itu"]·IT["il-monte"]·jav["redi","redi,","redi-punika","redi-punika,","redi-punika.","redi.","redi;"]·KO["그-산","그-산을","그-산의","그-산이","이-산"]·PT["no-monte","o-monte"]·RU["гора","горе","горой","горою","гору","горы"]·ES["al-monte","el-monte","en-el-monte"]·SW["mlima","mlimani"]·TR["dağ","dağa","dağdan","dağı","dağın"]·urd["-پہاڑ","-پہاڑ-کے","پہاڑ","پہاڑ-کو","پہاڑ-کی","پہاڑ-کے"]
Exod 3:12, Exod 19:2, Exod 19:3, Exod 19:12, Exod 19:14, Exod 19:16, Exod 19:17, Exod 19:18, Exod 19:20, Exod 19:20, Exod 19:23, Exod 20:18 (+38 more)
2. mountains — Mountains as a plural or collective reference, encompassing geographic descriptions of multiple peaks, poetic and prophetic addresses ('O mountains of Israel,' Ezek 36:1), and passages where mountains as a class respond to God's power. The shift from singular to plural is not merely grammatical; the plural often carries a cosmic or rhetorical sweep, as in 'the mountains saw you and writhed' (Hab 3:10). Glosses like 'Montes,' 'les-montagnes,' and 'Berge' mark this collective sense across traditions. 118×
AR["أَيُّها-الجِبالُ","الجِبال","الجِبالَ","الجِبالُ","الجِبالِ","الجِبَالَ","الجِبَالُ","الجِبَالِ","الْجِبَالَ","الْجِبَالُ","جِبال","جِبالًا"]·ben["-পর্বতগুলো","-পর্বতের","পর্বতগুলি","পর্বতগুলিকে","পর্বতগুলির","পর্বতগুলো","পর্বতগুলোর","পর্বতমালা"]·DE["Berg","Berge","der-Berg","der-Berge"]·EN["O-mountains","mountains","the-hills","the-mountains"]·FR["les-montagnes","montagnes"]·heb["ה-הרים","הרים"]·HI["पर्वत","पर्वतों","पर्वतों-के","पर्वतों-को","पहाड़","पहाड़ों","पहाड़ों-को"]·ID["Gunung-gunung","gunung-gunung","hai-gunung-gunung"]·IT["i-monti","monti"]·jav["Redi-redi","ajur","gunung-gunung","pareden","redi-redi"]·KO["산-들-은","산-들-을","산-들-이","산-들이여","산들-에","산들-을","산들-이","산들은","산들을","산들이"]·PT["Os-montes","montes","os-montes"]·RU["Горы","горы"]·ES["Montes","las-montañas","los-montes","montañas","montes"]·SW["milima"]·TR["daglar","daglari","daglarinin","dağlar","dağları","dağların"]·urd["پہاڑ","پہاڑو","پہاڑوں","پہاڑوں-نے","پہاڑوں-پر","پہاڑوں-کو","ہَ-پہاڑ","ہَ-پہاڑوں-کو"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
הַר558 n.m. Gn 7:19 mountain, hill, hill-country (NH id., pl. הָרִים, הֲרָרִים; Ph. הר †CIS i. 3, 17; Sab. sf. הרתהמו DHMZMG 1876, 673);—ה׳ abs. Jos 17:18 +; c. art. הָהָר Ex 3:12 +; c. ָה loc. הֶ֫רָה Gn 14:10, הָהָ֫רָה Gn 12:8 + 12 times; cstr. הַר Gn 10:30 +; sf. הַרֲרִי ψ 30:8, הֲרָרִי Je 17:3; הַרְכֶם ψ 11:1; הַרֲרָם Gn 14:6; pl. הָרִים Dt 11:11 +; c. art. הֶהָרִים Gn 7:19 +; cstr. הָרֵי Gn…