1. restrain oneself, exercise self-control — Hitpael of אפק meaning 'to restrain oneself, hold oneself back, exercise self-control', used of powerful emotion being forcibly contained. All occurrences are Hitpael (reflexive), covering various person/number inflections (1cs, 2ms, 3ms, 3cp) and aspects (perfect, imperfect, infinitive). Gen 43:31 and Est 5:10 describe restraining oneself from weeping or anger; 1 Sam 13:12 Saul's forced restraint before sacrifice; Isa 42:14 God restraining Himself; Isa 63:15 divine compassions being held back; Isa 64:12 'will You restrain Yourself?'. Multilingual evidence is uniform: arb تمالك 'control oneself', deu 'sich beherrschen', spa 'contenerse', hin रोकना/रोका, kor 억누르다/억제하다. No stem variation that would justify splitting; all are a single Hitpael sense of emotional self-restraint. 7×
AR["أَتَمَالَكُ","أَنْ-يَتَمَالَكَ","امْتَنَعَتْ","تَتَمَالَكُ","فَ-تَمَالَكَ","وَ-تَجَلَّدْتُ","وَ-تَمَالَكَ"]·ben["আর-আমি-নিয়ন্ত্রণ-করলাম","আর-সংযত-করল-নিজেকে","ও-সংযম-করলেন","তুমি-সংযত-হবে","সংযত-করতে-নিজেকে","সংযত-হয়েছে","সংযম-করি"]·DE["[אתאפק]","[התאפקו]","[ויתאפק]","[תתאפק]","sich-zu-beherrschen","und-bezwang-sich","und-ich-restrained-mich-selbst"]·EN["I-restrained-Myself","and-I-restrained-myself","and-he-controlled-himself","and-restrained-himself","are-restrained","to-restrain-himself","will-You-restrain-Yourself"]·FR["[אתאפק]","[התאפקו]","[ויתאפק]","[תתאפק]","et-il-controlled-lui-même","et-je-retint-moi-même","à-retenir-lui-même"]·heb["אתאפק","התאפקו","ו-התאפקתי","ו-יתאפק","ל-התאפק","תתאפק"]·HI["और-रोका-अपने-आपको","और-संभाला","तौभी-रोका-अपने-आप-को","थामूँगा-अपने-आप","रोकना","रोकी-हुई-है","रोकेगा-अपने-आप-को"]·ID["Aku-menahan-diri","Engkau-akan-menahan-diri","dan-aku-menguatkan-diri","dan-ia-menahan-diri","dan-menahan-diri","menahan-diri","untuk-menahan-diri"]·IT["[ויתאפק]","a-restrain-se-stesso","e-egli-controlled-se-stesso","e-io-trattenne-me-stesso","trattenersi"]·jav["Ingsun-nahan","Lan-ngampet","Panjenengan-badhe-nahan-sarira","lan-kawula-nahan","lan-menep","menep","nahan-sarira"]·KO["그리고-억눌렀다","그리고-억눌렀다-나는","그리고-억제했다","억누르지","억제하셨나이까","억제하시나이까","참았느니라"]·PT["E-conteve-se","e-conteve-se","e-contive-me","me-contenho","para-conter-se","se-detêm","te-conterás"]·RU["И-сдержался","и-сдержался","и-сдержался-я","сдерживаешься-Ты","сдерживался","сдерживаться","удержались"]·ES["Y-se-contuvo","contenerse","me-contuve","se-han-contenido","te-contendrás","y-me-contuve","y-se-contuvo"]·SW["kumnyamaa","na-akajitambulisha","na-akajizuia","na-nikajizuia","nimejizuia","utajizuia","zinajizuia"]·TR["kendini-tutmayı","tutacagim-kendimi","tutacaksin-kendini","tutuldular","ve-kendimi-zorladım","ve-kendini-tuttu","ve-tuttu"]·urd["اور-ضبط-کیا","اور-ضبط-کیا-میں-نے","تُو-اپنے-آپ-کو-روکے-گا","روک-لی-گئیں","ضبط-کرنا","میں-برداشت-کرتا-رہا"]
Senses
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [אָפַק] vb. hold, be strong (so Thes wh. comp. Arabic أَفِقَ excel = multum valuit; MV comp. also فاق )— Hithp. Pf. 3 pl. הִתְאַפָּ֑קוּ Is 63:15; Inf. לְהִתְאַפֵּק Gn 45:1; Impf. וְיִּתְאַפַּק Gn 43:31; 2 ms. תִּתְאַפַּק Is 64:11; אֶתְאַפָּ֑ק Is 42:14; וָאֶתְאַפַּק 1 S 13:12— 1. compel oneself 1 S 13:12. 2. restrain oneself, refrain Gn 43:31; 45:1 Is 42:14 Est 5:10; of י׳ Is 64:11; of Yahweh’s compassion Is 63:15, מֵעֶיךָ וְרַחֲמֶיךָ אֵלַי הִתְאַפָּ֑קוּ (almost passive).