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Abaddon, place of destruction; the realm of the dead as a place of ruin and loss
Wisdom literature personifies this realm as the place where the dead experience destruction and ruin. Parallel with Sheol and death itself, Abaddon represents not merely the grave but the condition of being utterly ruined and cut off from life. Job asks rhetorically whether God's wonders are known in Abaddon—implying the profound separation from divine presence. The term emphasizes the destructive aspect of death rather than simply its finality. Later Jewish and Christian tradition personified Abaddon as a destroying angel, but the biblical usage maintains it as a place or state.
Senses
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† אֲבַדּוֹן n.f.? Pr 27:20 abstr. nearly = n.pr. (place of) Destruction, Ruin, ʾAbaddôn (cf. ܐܰܒܕܳܢܳܐ 𝔊 Jb 28:22 etc.)—אֲבַדּוֹן Jb 26:6 (+ 4 times); abbrev. אבדה Kt אֲבַדּוֹ(ן) Qr †Pr 27:20.—Place of ruin in Sheʾôl for lost or ruined dead, as development of earlier distinction of condition in Sheʾôl (v. שְׁאוֹל). Only in WisdLt; Jb 31:12; ‖ שׁאול Jb 26:6 Pr 15:11; 27:20; ‖ מות Jb 28:22; ‖ קבר ψ 88:12.