1. sour wine, vinegar — A cheap, acidic wine commonly drunk by Roman soldiers; offered to Jesus on the cross (Matt 27:48, Mark 15:36, Luke 23:36, John 19:29-30). All six NT occurrences refer to the same substance in the Passion narrative, with the two sense clusters differing only in case form (genitive vs accusative). Multilingual evidence: spa vinagre, hin सिरका/सिरके 'vinegar', arb خَلّ 'vinegar', kor 식초/초 'vinegar', swa siki 'vinegar/sour liquid' — uniformly identifying an inexpensive sour wine rather than modern culinary vinegar. 6×
AR["خَلًّا","خَلٍّ","خَلَّ","خَلِّ"]·ben["সিরকা","সিরকার","সিরকারে,","ὄξος-সিরকা"]·DE["Essig","ὄξος","ὄξους"]·EN["of-vinegar","vinegar","with-sour-wine"]·FR["vinaigre"]·heb["חֹמֶץ"]·HI["सिरका","सिरके","सिरके-से"]·ID["anggur-asam","cuka"]·IT["aceto"]·jav["anggur-kecut","cuka"]·KO["식초","식초-를","식초를","식초의","초-를"]·PT["de-vinagre","vinagre"]·RU["Уксусом","уксус","уксуса,","уксусом"]·ES["de-vinagre","vinagre"]·SW["chumvi","siki","ya-siki"]·TR["sirke","sirkeyi","sirkeyle"]·urd["سرکا","سرکہ","سرکہ-سے","سرکے","سرکے سے","سرکے-سے"]
Senses
BDB / Lexicon Reference
ὄξος, εος, τό, (ὀξύς) poor wine, 'vin ordinaire', Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 vinegar made therefrom, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐς τὰς ῥῖνας ὄ. ἐγχέων, as a mode of torture, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 metaphorically, of a sour fellow, χὡνὴρ ὄ. ἅπαν Refs 3rd c.BC+